267
Views
8
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Dioxins, furans and non-ortho-PCBs in Canadian total diet foods 1992–1999 and 1985–1988

, &
Pages 491-505 | Received 21 Aug 2012, Accepted 05 Dec 2012, Published online: 21 Jan 2013

References

  • Ahlborg , UG , Becking , GC , Birnbaum , LS , Brouwer , A , Derks , HJGM , Feeley , M , Golor , G , Hanberg , A , Larsen , JC Liem , AKD . 1994 . Toxic equivalency factors for dioxin-like PCBs: report on WHO-ECEH and IPCS consultation . Chemosphere , 28 : 1049 – 1067 .
  • Birmingham , B , Gilman , A , Grant , D , Salminen , J , Boddington , M , Thorpe , B , Wile , I , Toft , P and Armstrong , V . 1989 . PCDD/PCDF multimedia exposure analysis for the Canadian population: detailed exposure estimation . Chemosphere , 19 : 637 – 642 .
  • Birmingham , B , Thorpe , B , Frank , R , Clement , R , Tosine , H , Fleming , G , Ashman , J , Wheeler , J , Ripley , BD and Ryan , JJ . 1989 . Dietary intake of PCDD and PCDF from food in Ontario, Canada . Chemosphere , 19 : 507 – 512 .
  • Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 2003–2004. Report on pesticides, agricultural chemicals, veterinary drugs, environmental pollutants and other impurities in agri-food commodities of animal origin. Dioxin Annex [Internet]. [cited 2011 Jan]. Available from: http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/microchem/resid/2003–2004/anima_mvdde.shtml
  • Canadian Food Inspection Agency. 2004–2005. Report on pesticides, agricultural chemicals, veterinary drugs, environmental pollutants and other impurities in agri-food commodities of animal origin. Dioxin Annex [Internet]. [cited 2011 Jan]. Available from: http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/fssa/microchem/resid/2004–2005/anima_mvdde.shtml
  • Canadian Health Community Survey [Internet]. 1991–2010. [cited 2011 Jan]. Available from: http://www.statcan.gc.ca/cgi-bin/imdb/p2SV.pl?Function=getSurvey&SDDS=3226&lang=en&db=imdb&adm=8&dis=2
  • Charnley , G and Doull , J . 2005 . Human exposure to dioxins in food, 1999–2002 . Food Chem Toxicol , 43 : 671 – 679 .
  • Conacher , HBS , Graham , R , Newsome , H , Graham , GF and Verdier , R . 1989 . The Health Protection Branch Total Diet Program: an overview . Can Inst Food Sci Technol J , 22 : 322 – 326 .
  • Dabeka , R . Cao X.-L. In press. The Canadian total diet study design: 1992–1999. Food Addit Contam. [Internet]. [cited 2013 Jan 11]; 14. Available from: http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19440049.2012.747004
  • Duarte-Davidson , R and Jones , KC . 1994 . Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the UK population: estimated intake, exposure and body burden . Sci Total Environ , 151 : 131 – 152 .
  • Egan , SK , Bolger , PM and Carrington , CD . 2007 . Update of US FDA's total diet study food list and diets . J Exposure Sci Environ Epidem , 17 : 573 – 582 .
  • Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) . 2010 . Recommended toxicity equivalence factors (TEFs) for human health risk assessments of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and dioxin-like compounds. EPA/600/R-10/005 , Washington (DC) : Risk Assessment Forum .
  • Ferrario , J , Byrne , C , Lorber , M , Saunders , P , Leese , W , Dupuy , A , Winters , D , Cleverly , D , Schaum , J Pinsky , P . 1997 . A statistical survey of dioxin-like compounds in United States poultry fat . Organohalogen Compounds , 32 : 245 – 251 .
  • Fries , GF , Feil , VJ , Zaylskie , RG , Bialek , KM and Rice , CP . 2002 . Treated wood in livestock facilities: relationships among residues of pentachlorophenol, dioxins, and furans in wood and beef . Environ Poll , 116 : 301 – 307 .
  • Harnley , ME , Petreas , MX , Flattery , J and Goldman , LR . 2000 . Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and polychlorinated dibenzofuran contamination in soil and home-produced chicken eggs near pentachlorophenol sources . Envrion Sci Technol , 34 : 1143 – 1149 .
  • Harrison , N , Wearne , S , Gem , MG , Gleadle , A , Startin , J , Thorpe , S , Wright , C , Kelly , M , Robinson , C White , S . 1998 . Time trends in human dietary exposure to PCDDs, PCDFs, and PCBs in the UK . Chemosphere , 37 : 1657 – 1670 .
  • Health and Welfare Canada . 1976 . Nutrition Canada, Food Consumption Patterns Report , Ottawa, Ontario : Health Protection Branch, National Health and Welfare .
  • Hoffman , MK , Huwe , J , Deyrup , CL , Lorentzsen , M , Zaylski , R , Clinch , NR , Saunders , P and Sutton , WR . 2006 . Statistically designed survey of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and co-planar polychlorinated biphenyls in U.S. meat and poultry, 2002–2003: results, trends and implications . J Agric Food Chem , 40 : 5340 – 5346 .
  • Huwe , JK . 2002 . Dioxins in foods: a modern agricultural perspective . J Agric Food Chem , 50 : 1739 – 1750 .
  • Huwe , JK , Davison , K , Feil , VJ , Larsen , G , Lorentzsen , M , Zaylskie , R and Tiernan , TO . 2004 . Levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans in cattle raised at agricultural research facilities across the USA and the influence of pentachlorophenol treated wood . Food Addit Contam , 21 : 182 – 194 .
  • Huwe , JK , Hoffman , M , Deyrup , C , Hulebak , K , Larsen , G , Zaylskie , R , Lorentzsen , M and Clinch , N . 2004 . A survey of PCDD/Fs and co-planar PCBs in the US meat and poultry supply in 2002–2003 . Organohalogen Compounds , 66 : 1942 – 1946 .
  • Huwe , JK and Larsen , JF . 2005 . Polychlorinated dioxins, furans, and biphenyls, and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in a U.S. meat market basket and estimates of dietary intake . Environ Sci Technol , 39 : 5605 – 5611 .
  • Huwe , JK , Pagan-Rodriguez , D , Abdelmajid , N , Clinch , N , Gordon , D , Holterman , J , Zaki , E , Lorentzsen , M and Dearfield , K . 2009 . Survey of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, polychlorinated furans, and non-ortho-polychlorinated biphenyls in U.S. meat and poultry, 2007–2008: effect of new toxic equivalency factors on toxic equivalency levels, patterns, and temporal trends . J Agric Food Chem , 57 : 11194 – 11200 .
  • Kutz , FW , Barnes , DG , Bottimore , DP , Greim , H and Bretthauer , EW . 1990 . The International toxicity equivalency factor (I-TEF) method of risk assessment for complex mixtures of dioxins and related compounds . Chemosphere , 20 : 751 – 757 .
  • Liem , AKD , Fuerst , P and Rappe , C . 2000 . Exposure of populations to dioxins and related compounds . Food Addit Contam , 17 : 241 – 259 .
  • Lindstrom , G , Smastuen Haug , L , Nicolaysen , T and Dybing , E . 2002 . Comparability of world-wide analytical data of PCDDs, PCDFs and non-ortho PCBs in samples of chicken, butter and salmon . Chemosphere , 47 : 139 – 146 .
  • Lorber , M , Saunders , P , Ferrario , J , Leese , W , Winters , D , Cleverly , D , Schaum , J , Deyrup , C , Ellis , R Walcott , J . 1997 . A statistical survey of dioxin-like compounds in United States pork fat . Organohalogen Compounds , 32 : 238 – 244 .
  • Lorber , MN , Winters , DL , Griggs , J , Cook , R , Baker , S , Ferrario , J , Byrne , C , Aubry , A and Schaum , J . 1998 . A national survey of dioxin-like compounds in the United States milk supply . Organohalogen Compounds , 38 : 125 – 128 .
  • Mes , J , Newsome , WH and Conacher , HBS . 1989 . Determination of some specific isomers of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in fatty foods of the Canadian diet . Food Addit Contam , 6 : 365 – 375 .
  • Mes , J , Newsome , WH and Conacher , HBS . 1991 . Levels of specific polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in fatty foods from five Canadian cities between 1986 and 1988 . Food Addit Contam , 8 : 351 – 361 .
  • Newsome , WH , Davies , DJ and Sun , WF . 1998 . Residues of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in fatty foods of the Canadian diet . Food Addit Contam , 15 : 19 – 29 .
  • Rawn , DFK , Cao , XL , Doucet , J , Davies , DJ , Sun , WF , Dabeka , RW and Newsome , WH . 2004 . Canadian Total Diet Study in 1998: pesticide levels in foods from Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada, and corresponding dietary intake estimates . Food Addit Contam , 21 : 232 – 250 .
  • Ryan , JJ , Beaudoin , N , Mills , P and Benoit , P . 1997 . Dioxin-like compounds in total diet food, Canada 1992–3 . Organohalogen Compounds , 32 : 229 – 232 .
  • Ryan , JJ , Conacher , HBS , Panopio , LG , Lau , BP-Y , Hardy , JA and Masuda , Y . 1991 . Gas chromatographic separations of all 136 tetra- to octa-polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans on nine different stationary phases . J Chromatogr , 541 : 131 – 183 .
  • Ryan , JJ , Lizotte , R , Sakuma , T and Mori , B . 1984 . Incidence and levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in Lake Ontario commercial fish . Environ Sci Technol , 18 : 719 – 721 .
  • Ryan , JJ , Lizotte , R , Sakuma , T and Mori , B . 1985 . Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, chlorinated dibenzofurans, and pentachlorophenol in Canadian chicken and pork samples . J Agric Food Chem , 33 : 1021 – 1026 .
  • Ryan , JJ , Panopio , LG , Lewis , DA and Weber , DF . 1991 . Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in cows’ milk packaged in plastic-coated bleached paperboard container . J Agric Food Chem , 39 : 218 – 223 .
  • Ryan , JJ , Panopio , LG , Lewis , DA , Weber , DF and Conacher , HBS . 1990 . PCDDs/PCDFs in 22 categories of food collected from six Canadian cities between 1985 and 1988 . Organohalogen Compounds , 1 : 497 – 500 .
  • Ryan , JJ , Shewchuk , C , Lau , BP-Y and Sun , WF . 1992 . Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polychlorinated dibenzofurans in Canadian bleached paperboard milk containers (1988–89) and their transfer to fluid milk . J Agric Food Chem , 40 : 919 – 923 .
  • Schaum , J , Schuda , L , Wu , C , Sears , R , Ferrario , J and Andrews , K . 2003 . A national survey of persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic (PBT) pollutants in the United States milk supply . J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol , 13 : 177 – 186 .
  • Schecter , A , Startin , J , Wright , C , Kelly , M , Papke , O , Lis , A , Ball , M and Olsen , JR . 1994 . Congener-specific levels of dioxins and dibenzofurans in U. S. food and estimated daily dioxin toxic equivalents . Environ Health Persp , 102 : 962 – 966 .
  • Theelen , RMC , Liem , AKD , Slob , W and Van Wijnen , JH . 1993 . Intake of 2,3,7,8 chlorine substituted dioxins, furans, and planar PCBs from food in the Netherlands: median and distribution . Chemosphere , 27 : 1625 – 1635 .
  • Van den Berg , M , Birnbaum , L , Bosveld , ATC , Brunstrom , B , Cook , P , Feeley , M , Giesy , J , Handberg , A , Hasegawa , R Kennedy , SW . 1998 . Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife . Environ Health Persp , 106 : 775 – 792 .
  • Van den Berg , M , Birnbaum , LS , Denison , M , De Vito , M , Farland , W , Feeley , M , Fiedler , H , Hakansson , H , Hanberg , A Haws , L . 2006 . The 2005 World Health Organization reevaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds . Toxicol Sci , 93 : 223 – 241 .
  • Van Leeuwen , FXR , Feeley , M , Schrenk , D , Larsen , JC , Farland , W and Younes , M . 2000 . Dioxins: WHO's tolerable daily intake (TDI) revisited . Chemopshere , 40 : 1095 – 1101 .
  • Winters , D , Cleverly , D , Meier , K , Dupuy , A , Byrne , C , Deyrup , C , Ellis , R , Ferrario , J , Harless , R Leese , W . 1996 . A statistical survey of dioxin-like compounds in United States beef: a progress report . Chemosphere , 32 : 469 – 478 .
  • Wolmarans , P . 2009 . Background paper on global trends in food production, intake and composition . Ann Nutr Metab , 55 : 244 – 272 .
  • World Health Organization . 2000 . Consultation on assessment of the health risk of dioxins: re-evaluation of the tolerable daily intake (TDI): executive summary . Food Addit Contam , 17 : 223 – 240 .

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.