A novel safety assessment strategy for non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) in carton food contact materials

References

• Arh G, Klasinc L, Veber M, Pompe M. 2011. Calibration of mass selective detector in non-target analysis of volatile organic compounds in the air. J Chromatogr A. 1218:1538–1543.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashby J. 1985. Fundamental structural alerts to potential carcinogenicity or noncarcinogenicity. Environ Mutagen. 7:919–921.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ashby J, Tennant RW. 1988. Chemical structure, salmonella mutagenicity and extent of carcinogenicity as indicators of genotoxic carcinogenesis among 222 chemicals tested in rodents by the U.S. NCI/NTP. Mutat Res. 204:17–115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aznar M, Canellas E, Nerin C. 2009. Quantitative determination of 22 primary aromatic amines by cation-exchange solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1216:5176–5181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aznar M, Rodriguez-Lafuente A, Alfaro P, Nerin C. 2012. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of non-volatile migrants from new active packaging materials. Anal Bioanal Chem. 404:1945–1957.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aznar M, Vera P, Canellas E, Nerín C, Mercea P, Störmer A. 2011. Composition of the adhesives used in food packaging multilayer materials and migration studies from packaging to food. J Mater Chem. 21:4358–4370.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Begley TH, White K, Honigfort P, Twaroski ML, Neches R, Walker RA. 2005. Perfluorochemicals: potential sources of and migration from food packaging. Food Addit Contam. 22:1023–1031.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benigni R, Bossa C, Jeliazkova N, Netzeva T, Worth A. 2008. The Benigni/Bossa rulepase for mutagenicity and carcinogenicity, a mudule of toxtree. Brussels: JRC Scientific and Technical Reports. (EUR23241EN–2008).
   Google Scholar
• Biedermann M, Grob K. 2010. Is recycled newspaper suitable for food contact materials? Technical grade mineral oils from printing inks. Eur Food Res Technol. 230:785–796.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boobis AR, Budinsky R, Collie S, Crofton K, Embry M, Felter S, Hertzberg R, Kopp D, Mihlan G, Mumtaz M, et al. 2011. Critical analysis of literature on low-dose synergy for use in screening chemical mixtures for risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol. 41:369–383.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boonzaaijer G, van Osenbruggen WA, Kleinnijenhuis AJ, van Dongen WD. 2008. An exploratory investigation of several mycotoxins and their natural occurrence in flavour ingredients and spices, using a multi mycotoxin LC-MS/MS method. World Mycotoxin J. 1:167–174.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bouma K, Stavenga K, Draaijer A. 2003. Domestic use of food packaging materials in the Netherlands. Report No. NDFCM010/01. The food and consumer product safety authority (VWA) Inspectorate for health protection and veterinary public health. [Cited 2013 Nov 5]. Available from: http://www.vwa.nl/actueel/bestanden/bestand/10411
   Google Scholar
• Bradley EL, Honkalampi-Hämäläinen U, Weber A, Andersson MA, Bertaud F, Castle L, Dahlman O, Hakulinen P, Hoornstra D, Lhuguenot J-C, et al. 2008. The BIOSAFEPAPER project for in vitro toxicity assessments: preparation, detailed chemical characterisation and testing of extracts from paper and board samples. Food Chem Toxicol. 46:2498–2509.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley EL, Stammati A, Salkinoja-Salonen M, Andersson M, Bertaud F, Hoornstra D, Zucco F, Weber A, Turco L, Traussnig H, et al. 2010. Test procedures for obtaining representative extracts suitable for reliable in vitro toxicity assessment of paper and board intended for food contact. Food Addit Contam. 27:262–271.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brauer B, Funke T. 2008. Determination of contaminants in paper, board articles and wrapped foodstuffs. Dtsch. Lebensmitt. Rundsch. 104:330–335.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Canellas E, Nerin C, Moor R, Silcock P. 2010. New UPLC coupled to mass spectrometry approaches for screening of non-volatile compounds as potential migrants from adhesives used in food packaging materials. Anal Chim Acta. 666:62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charlesworth JM. 1978. Evaporative analyzer as a mass detector for liquid chromatography. Anal Chem. 50:1414–1420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheeseman MA, Machuga EJ, Bailey AB. 1999. A tiered approach to threshold of regulation. Food Chem Toxicol. 37:387–412.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cook DL, LaFleur L, Parrish A, Jones J, Hoy D. 1997. Characterization of plant sterols from 22 US pulp and paper mills. Water Sci Technol. 35:297–303.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coulier L, Koster S, Muilwijk B, van Stee L, Peter R, Zondervan E, Rijk R, Rennen M, Leeman W, Houben G, van Dongen WD. 2008. Non-target multicomponent analytical surveillance of food contact materials. In: Barcelo D, editor. comprehensive analytical chemistry. Amsterdam: Elsevier; Chapter 22, p. 775–794. 
   Google Scholar
• De Villiers A, Górecki T, Lynen F, Szucs R, Sandra P. 2007. Improving the universal response of evaporative light scattering detection by mobile phase compensation. J Chromatogr A. 1162:183–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Droz C, Grob K. 1997. Determination of food contamination by mineral oil material from printed cardboard using on-line coupled LC-GC-FID. Z. Lebensm. Unters. Forsch. 205:239–241.
   Google Scholar
• Duffy E, Hearty AP, McCarthy S, Gibney MJ. 2007. Estimation of exposure to food packaging materials. 3: development of consumption factors and food-type distribution factors from data collected on Irish children. Food Addit Contam. 24:63–74.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• EU. 2006. Commission Regulation (EC) No 401/2006 of 23 February 2006 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of the levels of mycotoxins in foodstuffs. Off J Eur Union. L70:12–34.
   Google Scholar
• EU. 2011. Commission Regulation (EU) No 10/2011 of 14 January 2011 on plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food. Off J Eur Commun. L12:1–89.
   Google Scholar
• [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2008. Food Contact Materials Note for Guidance. EFSA J. 6:1–125.
   Google Scholar
• [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2012a. Scientific Opinion on Exploring options for providing advice about possible human health risks based on the concept of threshold of toxicological concern (TTC). EFSA J. 10:2750.
   Google Scholar
• [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2012b. Update of the monitoring of levels of dioxins and PCBs in food and feed. EFSA J. 10:2832.
   Google Scholar
• EU-SCENIHR. 2012. Toxicity and Assessment of Chemical Mixtures; European Commission; Scientific Committee on consumer Safety (SCCS), Scientific Committee on Health and Environmental Risks (SCHER), Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR). [Internet]. [cited 2013 Nov 5]. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/health/scientific_committees/environmental_risks/docs/scher_o_155.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Fauris C, Lundström H, Vilaginès R. 1998. Cytotoxicological safety assessment of papers and boards used for food packaging. Food Addit Contam. 15:716–728.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gartner S, Balski M, Koch M, Nehls I. 2009. Analysis and migration of phthalates in infant food packed in recycled paperboard. J Agric Food Chem. 57:10675–10681.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Górecki T, Lynen F, Szucs R, Sandra P. 2006. Universal response in liquid chromatography using charged aerosol detection. Anal Chem. 78:3186–3192.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grob K, Grob G, Grob Jr K. 1978. Comprehensive, standardized quality test for glass capillary columns. J Chromatogr. 156:1–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grob K, Grob G, Grob Jr K. 1981. Testing capillary gas chromatographic columns. J Chromatogr. 219:13–20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Honkalampi-Hämäläinen U, Bradley EL, Castle L, Severin I, Dahbi L, Dahlman O, Lhuguenot J-C, Andersson M, Hakulinen P, Hoornstra D, et al. 2010. Safety evaluation of food contact paper and board using chemical tests and in vitro bioassays: role of known and unknown substances. Food Addit Contam. 27:406–415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes C, Rabinowitz A, Tate M, Birrell L, Allsup J, Billinton N, Walsmley RM. 2012. Development of a high-throughput gaussia luciferase reporter assay for the activation of the GADD45a gene by mutagens, promutagens, clastogens, and aneugens. J Biomol Screen. 17:1302–1315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koek MM, Muilwijk B, van der Werf MJ, Hankemeier T. 2006. Microbial metabolomics with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 78:1272–1281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koster S, Boobis AR, Cubberley R, Hollnagel HM, Richling E, Wildemann T, Würtzen G, Galli CL. 2011. Application of the TTC concept to unknown substances found in analysis of foods. Food Chem Toxicol. 49:1643–1660.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroes R, Renwick AG, Cheeseman M, Kleiner J, Mangelsdorf I, Piersma A, Schilter B, Schlatter J, van Schothorst F, Vos JG, Würtzen G. 2004. Structure-based thresholds of toxicological concern (TTC): guidance for application to substances present at low levels in the diet. Food Chem Toxicol. 42:65–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leeman WR, Krul L, Houben GF. 2013. Complex mixtures: relevance of combined exposure to substances at low dose levels. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol. 58:141–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munro IC, Renwick AG, Danielewska-Nikiel B. 2008. The threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) in risk assessment. Toxicol Lett. 180:151–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• NEN. 2002. NEN-EN 14338:2002. Paper and board intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. Conditions for determination of migration from paper and board using modified polyphenylene oxide (Tenax) as a simulant. Available from: http://www.nen.nl/NEN-Shop/Norm/NENEN-143382002-Ontw.-en.htm
   Google Scholar
• Nerin C, Alfaro P, Aznar M, Domeño C. 2013. The challenge of identifying non-intentionally added substances from food packaging materials: a review. Anal Chim Acta. 775:14–24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oldring PKT, Castle L, Franz R. 2009. Exposure to substances from food contact materials and an introduction to the facet project. Deutsche Leb.-Rundsch. 105:501–507.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Osterdahl BG. 1983. N-nitrosamines and nitrosatable compounds in rubber nipples and pacifiers. Food Chem Toxicol. 21:758–757.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozaki A, Yamaguchi Y, Fuijita T, Kuroda K, Endo G. 2004. Chemical analysis and genotoxicological safety assessment of paper and paperboard used for food packaging. Food Chem Toxicol. 42:1323–1337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patel D. 2011. Matrix effect in a view of LC-MS/MS: an overview. Int J Pharm Bio Sci. 2:559–564.
   Google Scholar
• Píco Y, Blasco C, Font G. 2004. Environmental and food applications of LC-tandem mass spectrometry in pesticide-residue analysis: an overview. Mass Spectrom Rev. 23:45–85.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rennen MAJ, Koster S, Krul CAM, Houben GF. 2011. Application of the threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) concept to the safety assessment of chemically complex food matrices. Food Chem Toxicol. 49:933–940.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rulis A. 1989. Establishing a threshold of regulation. In: Bonin J. Stevenson D, editors. Risk assessment in setting national priorities. New York, NY: Plenum; p. 271–278.
   Google Scholar
• Sagratini G, Caprioli G, Cristalli G, Giardina D, Ricciutelli M, Volpini R, Zuo Y, Vittori S. 2008. Determination of ink photoinitiators in packaged beverages by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1194:213–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scanlon JT, Willis DE. 1985. Calculation of flame ionization detector relative response factors using the effective carbon number concept. J Chromatogr Sci. 23:333.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sen NP, Seaman SW, Kushwaha SC. 1989. Determination of non-volatile N-nitrosamines in baby bottle rubber nipples and pacifiers by high-performance chromatography-thermal energy analysis. J Chromatogr. 463:419–428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simoneau C, van den Eede L, Valzacchi S. 2012. Identification and quantification of the migration of chemicals from plastic baby bottles used as substitutes for polycarbonate. Food Addit Contam A. 29:469–480.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Skjevrak I, Brede C, Steffensen I-L, Mikalsen A, Alexander J, Fjeldal P, Herikstad H. 2005. Non-targeted multi-component analytical surveillance of plastic food contact materials: identification of substances not included in EU positive lists and their risk assessment. Food Addit Contam. 22:1012–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Söderhjelm L, Sipiläinen-Malm T. 1996. Paper and board. In: Katan L, editor. Migration from food contact materials. Cambridge: Blackie Academic and Professional; p. 159–180.
   Google Scholar
• Stuff JE, Goh ET, Barrera SL, Bondy ML, Forman MR. 2009. Construction of an N-nitroso database for assessing dietary intake. J Food Comp Anal. 22:S42–S47.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suman M, De Dominicis E, Commissati I. 2010. Trace detection of the chlorohydrins of epoxidized soybean oil in foodstuffs by UPLC-ESI-MS. Mass Spectrom. 45:996–1002.
   Google Scholar
• Szulejko JE, Kim YH, Kim KH. 2013. Method to predict gas chromatographic response factors for the trace-level analysis of volatile organic compounds based on the effective carbon number concept. J Sep Sci. doi:10.1002/jssc.201300543
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Teasdale A, Eyley SC, Delaney E, Jacq K, Taylor-Worth K, Lipczynski A, Van R, Elder DP, Facchine KL, Golec S, et al. 2009. Mechanism and processing parameters affecting the formation of methyl methanesulfonate from methanol and methanesulfonic acid: an illustrative example for sulfonate ester impurity formation. Org Process Res Dev. 13:429–433.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toyo’Oka T, Oshige Y. 2000. Determination of alkylphenols in mineral water contained in PET bottles by liquid chromstography with coulometric detection. Anal Sci. 16:1071.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Dongen WD, Coulier L, van Stee L, Koster S. 2009. Non-target multicomponent analytical surveillance of food contact materials. New Food. 1:70–73.
   Google Scholar
• Vanhoenacker G, Dumont E, David F, Baker A, Sandra PJ. 2009. Determination of arylamines and aminopyridines in pharmaceutical products using in-situ derivatization and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 1216:3563–3570.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voss RH, Luthe CE, Flemming BI, Berry RM, Allen LH. 1988. Some new insights into the origins of dioxins formed during chemical pulp bleaching. Pulp Paper Can. 89:10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young RA. 1994. Comparison of the properties of chemical cellulose pulps. Cellulose. 1:107–130.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar