References
- Boyd R, Basic C, Bethem R. 2008. Trace quantitative analysis by mass spectrometry. Chichester: John Wiley and Sons Ltd.
- Commission of the European Communities. 2002. Performance of analytical methods and the interpretation of results. Commission Decision. 2002/657/JEC. Off J Eur Communities: 36 pp.
- [CR] Consumer Reports. 2013. Caramel colour: the health risk that may be in your soda [Internet]. [cited 2015 Jan 4]. Available from: http://www.consumerreports.org/cro/news/2014/01/caramel-colour-the-health-risk-that-may-be-in-your-soda/index.htm
- [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2011. Panel on food additives and nutrient sources added to food (ANS); Scientific opinion on the re-evaluation of caramel colours (E 150a,b,c,d) as food additives. EFSA J. 9(3):103 pp. [cited 2015 Apr 20]. Available from: http://www.efsa.europa.eu/efsajournal.htm
- Hengel M, Shibamoto T. 2013. Carcinogenic 4(5)-methylimidazole found in beverages, sauces, and caramel colors: chemical properties, analysis, and biological activities. J Agric Food Chem. 61:780–789.
- [IARC] International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2013. World Health Organization. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans [Internet]. [cited 2015 Jan 20]. Available from: http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol101/mono101-015.pdf
- Klejdus B, Moravcová J, Lojková L, Vacek J, Kubán V. 2006. Solid-phase extraction of 4(5)-methylimidazole (4MEI) and 2-acetyl-4(5)-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)-imidazole (THI) from foods and beverages with subsequent liquid chromatographic-electrospray mass spectrometric quantification. J Sep Sci. 29:378–382.
- Lojková L, Klejdus B, Moravcová J, Kubán V. 2006. Supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of 4(5)-methylimidazole (4-MEI) and 2-acetyl-4(5)-(1,2,3,4)-tetrahydroxybutyl-imidazole (THI) from ground-coffee with high-performance liquid chromatographic-electrospray mass spectrometric quantification (HPLC/ESI-MS). Food Add Contam. 23:963–973.
- [NST] National Toxicology Program. 2007. Toxicology and Carcinogensis Studies of 4-methylimidazole (CAS No. 822-36-6) in F344/N rats and B6C3F1 mice (fee studies) [Internet]. NTP Technical Report Series No. 535, NIH Publication No. 07-4471; US Department of Health and Human Service, NTP: Research Triangle Park, NC; [cited 2015 Jan 2]. Available from: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/htdocs/lt_rpts/tr535.pdf
- Reproductive and Cancer Hazard Assessment Branch Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) California Environmental Protection Agency. 2011. No Significant Risk Level (NSRL) for the Proposition 65 Carcinogen 5-methylimidazole [Internet]. [ cited 2014 Sept 12] http://www.oehha.ca.gov/prop65/law/pdf_zip/100711_4MEIfindings.pdf
- Schlee C, Markova M, Schrank J, Laplagne F, Schneider R, Lachenmier DD. 2013. Determination of 2-methylimidazole, 4-methyli midazole and 2-acetyl-4(5)-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydroxybutyl)-imidazole in caramel colours and cola using LC/MS/MS. J Chromatogr B. 927:223–226.
- Silberberg M. 1996. Chemistry: the molecular nature of matter and change. St. Louis (MO): Mosby-Year Book, Inc.
- Thomsen M, Willumsen D. 1981. Quantitative ion-pair extraction of 4(5)-methylimidazole from caramel colour and its determination by reversed-phase ion-pair liquid-chromatography. J Chromatogr A. 211:213–221.
- Wang JY, Schnute WC. 2012. Simultaneous quantitation of 2-acetyl-4-tetrahydroxybutylimidazole, 2- and 4-methylimidazoles, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in beverages by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Agric Food Chem. 60:917–921.
- [WHO] World Health Organization. 1975. Toxicological evaluation of some food colours, enzymes, flavor enhancers, thickening agents, and certain food additives. International Program on Chemical Safety World Health Organization [Internet]. [cited 2015 Jan 20]. Available from http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v06je12.htm
- Yamaguchi H, Masuda TJ. 2011. Determination of 4(5)-methylimidazole in soy sauce and other foods by LC-MS/MS after solid-phase extraction. J Agric Food Chem. 59:9770–9775.
- Yosikawa S, Fujiwara M. 1981. Determination of 4(5)-methylimidazole in food by thin-layer chromatography. Food Hyg Saf Sci (Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi). 22:189–196.