425
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Articles

Concentrations of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feed materials in the Netherlands, 2001–11

, , , &
Pages 1301-1311 | Received 10 Apr 2015, Accepted 09 Jun 2015, Published online: 24 Jul 2015

References

  • Abraham K, Appel KE, Berg K, Heinemeyer G, Lahrssen-Wiederholt M, Large N, Lindtner O, Schafft H, Spolders M, Vieth B, et al. 2011. Review: die vorkommnisse um dioxin in futtermitteln in Deutschland 2011-gab es ein risiko für verbraucher? J Food Saf Food Qual. 62:105–144.
  • Bernard A, Hermans C, Broeckaert F, De Poorter G, De Cock A, Houins G. 1999. Food contamination by PCBs and dioxins. Nature. 401:231–232.
  • Bovee TFH, Hoogenboom LAP, Hamers ARM, Traag WA, Zuidema T, Aarts JMMJG, Brouwer A, Kuiper HA. 1998. Validation and use of the CALUX-bioassay for the determination of dioxins and PCBs in bovine milk. Food Addit Contam. 15:863–875.
  • Bradley D. 2008. Dioxins in Pork. In: Science. [ cited 2008 Dec 7]. Available from: http://www.sciencebase.com/science-blog/dioxins-before-swine.html
  • EC. 2000. Opinion of the SCAN on the dioxin contamination of feedingstuffs and their contribution to the contamination of food of animal origin. Health and Consumer Protection Directorate-General, [cited 2011 May 6]. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/committees/scientific/out55_en.pdf
  • EC. 2002. Directive 2002/32/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 7 May 2002 on undesirable substances in animal feed. Off J Eur Union. 140:10–22.
  • EC. 2004a. Recommendation 2004/704/EC commission recommendation of 11 October 2004 on the monitoring of background levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feedingstuffs of 11 October 2004 on the monitoring of background levels of dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs in feeding stuffs. Off J Eur Union. 321:38–44.
  • EC. 2004b. Regulation (EC) No. 882/2004 on official controls performed to ensure the verification of compliance with feed and food law, animal health and animal welfare rules. Off J Eur Union. 165:1–44.
  • EC. 2006a. Directive 2006/13/EC amending Annexes I and II to Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on undesirable substances in animal feed as regards dioxins and dioxin-like PCBs. Off J Eur Union. 32:44–53.
  • EC. 2006b. Regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 - Commission regulation of 19 December 2006 setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Off J Eur Union. 364:5–24.
  • EC. 2012a. Regulation (EU) No. 277/2012 of 28 March 2012 amending Annexes I and II to Directive 2002/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards maximum levels and action thresholds for dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. Off J Eur Union. 91:1–7.
  • EC. 2012b. Regulation (EU) No. 278/2012 of 28 March 2012 amending Regulation (EC) No. 152/2009 as regards the determination of the levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. Off J Eur Union. 91:1–22.
  • EFSA. 2010. Results of the monitoring of dioxin levels in food and feed. EFSA J. 8:1385.
  • EFSA. 2012. Update of the monitoring of levels of dioxins and PCBs in food and feed. EFSA J. 10:2832.
  • Eljarrat E, Caixach J, Rivera J. 2002. Determination of PCDDS and PCDFs in different animal feed ingredients. Chemosphere. 46:1403–1407.
  • Ferrario J, Byrne C, Winters D, Boone T, Vigo C, Dupuy A. 2003. Chlorinated dioxins and furans from kelp and copper sulfate: initial investigations of dioxin formation in mineral feed supplements. Organohalogen Compounds. 63:183–186.
  • Fürst P, Beck H, Theelen RMC. 1992. Assessment of human intake of PCDDs and PCDFs from different environmental sources. Tox Subst J. 12:133–150.
  • GEMS/FOOD-EURO. 1995. Reliable evaluation of low-level contamination of food. Report of the Workshop held in Kulmbach, Federal Republic of Germany; 1995 May 26–27, pp. 47. EUR/ICP/EHAZ.94.12/WS04-FSRKULREP95.
  • Gillespie B. 2011. Data analysis methods when some data are below a limit of detection (presentation May 19, 2011). Department of biostatistics, school of public health, and center for statistical consultation & research (CSCAR) and The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (MI).
  • Hecht H, Honikel K. 1995. Assessment of data sets containing a considerable number of values below the detection limits. Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung. 201:592–597.
  • Hites RA, Foran JA, Carpenter DO, Hamilton MC, Knuth BA, Schwager SJ. 2004. Global assessment of organic contaminants in farmed salmon. Science. 303:226–229.
  • Hoogenboom LAP, Kan CA, Bovee TFH, Weg G van der, Onstenk C, Traag WA. 2004. Residues of dioxins and PCBs in fat of growing pigs and broilers fed contaminated feed. Chemosphere 57:35–42.
  • Hoogenboom LAP, Kan CA, Zeilmaker MJ, van Eijkeren JCH, Traag WA. 2006. Carry-over of dioxins and PCBs from feed and soil to eggs at low contamination levels – influence of mycotoxin binders on the carry-over from feed to eggs. Food Addit Contam. 23:518–527.
  • Hoogenboom LAP, van Eijkeren JCH, Zeilmaker MJ, Mengelers MJB, Herbes R, Immerzeel J, Traag WA. 2007. A novel source for dioxins present in recycled fat from gelatin production. Chemosphere. 68:814–823.
  • Hoogenboom R, Traag WA, Fernandes A, Rose M. 2015. European developments following incidents with dioxins and PCBs in the food and feed chain. Food Control. 50:670–683.
  • Hoogenboom R, Zeilmaker M, van Eijkeren J, Kan K, Mengelers M, Luykx D, Traag W. 2010. Kaolinic clay derived PCDD/Fs in the feed chain from a sorting process for potatoes. Chemosphere. 78:99–105.
  • Jobst H, Aldag R. 2000. Dioxine in Lagerstätten-Tonen. Umweltwissenschaften und Schadstoff-Forschung. 12:2–4.
  • Kim M, Kim D-G, Choi S-W, Guerrero P, Norambuena J, Chung G-S. 2011. Formation of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) from a refinery process for zinc oxide used in feed additives: a source of dioxin contamination in Chilean pork. Chemosphere. 82:1225–1229.
  • Llerena JJ, Abad E, Caixach J, Rivera J. 2003. An episode of dioxin contamination in feedingstuff: the choline chloride case. Chemosphere. 53:679–683.
  • Malisch R. 2000. Increase of the PCDD/F-contamination of milk, butter and meat samples by use of contaminated citrus pulp. Chemosphere. 40:1041–1053.
  • Malisch R, Kotz A. 2014. Dioxins and PCBs in feed and food – review from European perspective. Sci Total Environ. 491–492:2–10.
  • NVWA. 2010. Nationaal Plan diervoeders 2011. Onderzoek naar ongewenste stoffen en verboden materialen in diervoeders. (National Plan animal feed. Research of unwanted and illegal materials in animal feed., in Dutch).
  • NVWA. 2011. Brazilian cocoa beans are possibly the source of dioxin contamination of cocoa butter used as feed (Braziliaanse cacaobonen mogelijke oorzaak dioxineverontreiniging in cacaobotervetzuren). [ cited 2011 Sep 16]. Available from: http://www.vwa.nl
  • PDV. 2011. Beschikbaar gekomen diervoedergrondstoffen in Nederland naar herkomst (Available feed materials in the Netherlands based on origin) 2004/05-2008/09, Product Board Animal Feed, Zoetermeer. Available from: http://www.pdv.nl/nederland/sector/Veevoedertabellen.php
  • RASFF. 2010. Rapid alert system for food and feed. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/index_en.htm
  • RASFF. 2011. Rapid alert system for food and feed. Available from: http://ec.europa.eu/food/food/rapidalert/index_en.htm
  • Salmi T, Määttä A, Anttila P, Ruoho-Airola T, Amnell T. 2002. Detecting trends of annual values of atmospheric pollutants by the Mann–Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimates - the Excel template application MAKESENS. In: Painopaikka, editor. Publications on air quality. Vol. 31. Helsinki: Finnish Meteorological Institute.
  • Traag WA, Kan CA, van der Weg G, Onstenk C, Hoogenboom LAP. 2006. Residues of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and PCBs in eggs, fat and livers of laying hens following consumption of contaminated feed. Chemosphere. 65:1518–1525.
  • Tuinstra LGMT, Traag WA, van Rhijn JA, van de Spreng PF. 1994. The Dutch PCB/dioxin study Development of a method for the determination of dioxins, planar and other PCBs in human milk. Chemosphere. 29:1859–1875.
  • Van den Berg M, Birnbaum L, Bosveld ATC, Brunstrom B, Cook P, Feeley M, Giesy JP, Hanberg A, Hasegawa R, Kennedy SW, et al. 1998. Toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) for PCBs, PCDDs, PCDFs for humans and wildlife. Env Health Persp. 106:775–792.
  • Van den Berg M, Birnbaum LS, Denison M, De Vito M, Farland W, Feeley M, Fiedler H, Hakansson H, Hanberg A, Haws L, et al. 2006. The 2005 world health organization reevaluation of human and mammalian toxic equivalency factors for dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Tox Sci. 93:223–241.
  • van Leeuwen SPJ, Traag WA, Hoogenboom LAP, Boer De J. 2002. Dioxins, furans and dioxin-like PCBs in wild, farmed, imported and smoked eel from the Netherlands. Organohal Comp. 57:217–220.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.