Duplex real-time PCR assay using SYBR Green to detect and quantify Malayan box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) materials in meatballs, burgers, frankfurters and traditional Chinese herbal jelly powder

References

• Adeola MO. 1992. Importance of wild animals and their parts in the culture, religious festivals, and traditional medicine of Nigeria. Environ Conserv. 19:125–134.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguirre AA, Gardner SC, Marsh JC, Delgado SG, Limpus CJ, Nichols WJ. 2006. Hazards associated with the consumption of sea turtle meat and eggs: a review for health care workers and the general public. EcoHealth. 3:141–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali ME, Asing, Hamid SBA, Razzak MA, Rashid NRA, Al Amin M, Mustafa S. 2015a. A suitable method to detect potential fraud of bringing Malayan box turtle (Cuora amboinensis) meat into the food chain. Food Addit Contam A. 32:1223–1233.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali ME, Razzak MA, Hamid SB, Rahman MM, Amin MA, Rashid NR, Asing. 2015b. Multiplex PCR assay for the detection of five meat species forbidden in Islamic foods. Food Chem. 177:214–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali ME, Razzak MA, Abd Hamid SB. 2014. Multiplex PCR in species authentication: probability and prospects – A review. Food Anal Method. 7:1933–1949.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali ME, Hashim U, Mustafa S, Man YB. 2012. Swine-specific PCR-RFLP assay targeting mitochondrial cytochrome B gene for semiquantitative detection of pork in commercial meat products. Food Anal Method. 5:613–623.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves RR, Rosa IL. 2005. Why study the use of animal products in traditional medicines? J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 1:1.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alves RRN, Rosa IL, Albuquerque UP, Cunningham AB. 2013. Medicine from the wild: an overview of the use and trade of animal products in traditional medicines. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag; p. 25–42. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-29026-8_3
   Google Scholar
• Angeletti LR, Agrimi U, French D, Curia C, Mariani-Costantini R. 1992. Healing rituals and sacred serpents. The Lancet. 340:223–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anonymous. 2008. Record haul of 10,000 endangered turtle eggs seized in Malaysia. The Telegraph. [Downloaded on 2015 Jul 20]. Available from: http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/malaysia/3378665/Record-haul-of-10000-endangered-turtle-eggs-seized-in-Malaysia.html
   Google Scholar
• Anyinam C. 1995. Ecology and ethnomedicine: exploring links between current environmental crisis and indigenous medical practices. Soc Sci Med. 40:321–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ardura A, Linde AR, Moreira JC, Garcia-Vazquez E. 2010. DNA barcoding for conservation and management of Amazonian commercial fish. Biol Conserv. 143:1438–1443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arslan A, Ilhak OI, Calicioglu M. 2006. Effect of method of cooking on identification of heat processed beef using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Meat Sci. 72:326–330.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayaz Y, Ayaz N, Erol I. 2006. Detection of species in meat and meat products using enzyme‐ linked immunosorbent Assay. J Muscle Foods. 17:214–220.
   Google Scholar
• Bennett EL, Milner-Gulland E, Bakarr M, Eves HE, Robinson JG, Wilkie DS. 2002. Hunting the world’s wildlife to extinction. Oryx. 36:328–329.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bk H. 2010. Customs seize tonnes of reptiles in Malaysia. Traffic. [Downloaded on 2015 Jun 24]. Available from: www.traffic.org/home/2010/12/24/customs-seize-tonnes-of-reptiles-in-malaysia.html
   Google Scholar
• Brodmann P, Nicholas G, Schaltenbrand P, Ilg E. 2001. Identifying unknown game species: experience with nucleotide sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and a subsequent basic local alignment search tool search. Eur Food Res Technol. 212:491–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown B. 2013. Findus beef lasagne contained up to 100% horsemeat, FSA says. BBC News. [Downloaded on 2015 Jun 10. Available from: http://www.bbc.com/news/uk-21375594
   Google Scholar
• Carr HS. 1991. The Maya medicinal turtle, Xkokak, and a suggested alternate reading of two yucatec ethnomedical texts. J Ethnob. 11:187–192.
   Google Scholar
• Cawthorn D-M, Steinman HA, Hoffman LC. 2013. A high incidence of species substitution and mislabelling detected in meat products sold in South Africa. Food Cont. 32:440–449.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen T-H, Chang H-C, Lue K-Y. 2009. Unregulated trade in turtle shells for Chinese traditional medicine in East and Southeast Asia: the case of Taiwan. Chelonian Conserv Biol. 8:11–18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coghlan ML, Maker G, Crighton E, Haile J, Murray DC, White NE, Byard RW, Bellgard MI, Mullaney I, Trengove R. 2015. Combined DNA, toxicological and heavy metal analyses provides an auditing toolkit to improve pharmacovigilance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Sci Rep. 5. doi:10.1038/srep17475
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D’Amato ME, Alechine E, Cloete KW, Davison S, Corach D. 2013. Where is the game? Wild meat products authentication in South Africa: a case study. Investig Genet. 4:1.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Da Nóbrega Alves RR, Da Silva Vieira WL, Santana GG. 2008. Reptiles used in traditional folk medicine: conservation implications. Biodiversity and Conservation. 17:2037–2049.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davy CM, Kidd AG, Wilson CC. 2015. Development and validation of environmental DNA (eDNA) markers for detection of freshwater turtles. Plos One. 10:0130965.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dharmananda S. 2005. Endangered species issues affecting turtles and tortoises used in chinese medicine. Portland (OR):Institute for Traditional Medicine. http://www.itmonline.org/arts/turtles.htm
   Google Scholar
• Druml B, Mayer W, Cichna-Markl M, Hochegger R. 2015a. Development and validation of a TaqMan real-time PCR assay for the identification and quantification of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in food to detect food adulteration. Food Chem. 178:319–326.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Druml B, Hochegger R, Cichna-Markl M. 2015b. Duplex real-time PCR assay for the simultaneous determination of the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and deer (sum of fallow deer, red deer and sika deer) content in game meat products. Food Cont. 57:370–376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ernst E, Coon JT. 2001. Heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicines: a systematic review. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 70:497–504.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fajardo V, González I, Martín I, Rojas M, Hernández PE, García T, Martín R. 2008. Real-time PCR for detection and quantification of red deer (Cervus elaphus), fallow deer (Dama dama), and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in meat mixtures. Meat Sci. 79:289–298.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fajardo V, González I, Rojas M, García T, Martín R. 2010. A review of current PCR-based methodologies for the authentication of meats from game animal species. Trends Food Sci Tech. 21:408–421.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• FAO. CAC/GL 74-2010. Guidelines on performance criteria and validation of methods of specific DNA sequences and specific proteins in foods. [Download on 2016 Jun 12]. Available from: http://files.foodmate.com/2013/files_1810.html
   Google Scholar
• Fund TC. 2002. A global action plan for conservation of tortoises and freshwater turtles. Strategy and Funding Prospectus. 2007:30.
   Google Scholar
• Ghovvati S, Nassiri MR, Mirhoseini SZ, Moussavi AH, Javadmanesh A. 2009. Fraud identification in industrial meat products by multiplex PCR assay. Food Cont. 20:696–699.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graham-Rowe D. 2011. Biodiversity: Endangered and in demand. Nature. 480:S101–S103.
   Google Scholar
• Hadjinicolaou AV, Demetriou VL, Emmanuel MA, Kakoyiannis CK, Kostrikis LG. 2009. Molecular beacon-based real-time PCR detection of primary isolates of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis in environmental and clinical samples. BMC Microbiol. 9:1.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haitao S, Parham JF, Zhiyong F, Meiling H, Feng Y. 2008. Evidence for the massive scale of turtle farming in China. Oryx. 42:147–150.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haunshi S, Basumatary R, Girish P, Doley S, Bardoloi R, Kumar A. 2009. Identification of chicken, duck, pigeon and pig meat by species-specific markers of mitochondrial origin. Meat Sci. 83:454–459.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hempen C-H, Fischer T. 2009. A materia medica for Chinese medicine: plants, minerals, and animal products. Els Health Sci. Chapter XV, p. 812.
   Google Scholar
• Hennenfent G, Herrmann FJ. 2006. Application of stable signal recovery to seismic data interpolation. In: Proceedings of the SEG Tech Prog Expanded Abstracts. Society of Exploration Geophysicists. 25:2797–2801. doi:10.1190/1.2370105.
   Google Scholar
• Hsieh H-M, Huang L-H, Tsai L-C, Kuo Y-C, Meng -H-H, Linacre A, Lee JC-I. 2003. Species identification of rhinoceros horns using the cytochrome b gene. Forensic Sci Int. 136:1–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilhak OI, Arslan A. 2007. Identification of meat species by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. Turk J Vet Anim Sci. 31:159–163.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Karabasanavar NS, Singh S, Kumar D, Shebannavar SN. 2014. Detection of pork adulteration by highly-specific PCR assay of mitochondrial D-loop. Food Chem. 145:530–534.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubista M, Andrade JM, Bengtsson M, Forootan A, Jonák J, Lind K, Sindelka R, Sjöback R, Sjögreen B, Strömbom L. 2006. The real-time polymerase chain reaction. Mol Aspects Med. 27:95–125.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lee TM, Sigouin A, Pinedo-Vasquez M, Nasi R. 2014. The harvest of wildlife for bushmeat and traditional medicine in East, South and Southeast Asia: Current knowledge base, challenges, opportunities and areas for future research: Occasional Paper 115. Bogor, Indonesia: Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR).
   Google Scholar
• Liu S-YV, Chan C-LC, Lin O, Hu C-S, Chen CA. 2013. DNA barcoding of shark meats identify species composition and CITES-listed species from the markets in Taiwan. PLoS One. 8:e79373.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lo C, Lin Y, Chang H, Lin J. 2006. Identification of turtle shell and its preparations by PCR- DNA sequencing method. Food Drug Anal. 14:153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ma X, Duan J, Zhu D, Dong T, Tsim K. 2000. Species identification of Radix Astragali (Huangqi) by DNA sequence of its 5S-rRNA spacer domain. Phytochemistry. 54:363–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnino S, Colin P, Dei-Cas E, Madsen M, McLauchlin J, Nöckler K, Maradona MP, Tsigarida E, Vanopdenbosch E, Van Peteghem C. 2009. Biological risks associated with consumption of reptile products. Int J Food Microbiol. 134:163–175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKenna A, Hanna M, Banks E, Sivachenko A, Cibulskis K, Kernytsky A, Garimella K, Altshuler D, Gabriel S, Daly M. 2010. The Genome analysis toolkit: a map reduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data. Genome Res. 20:1297–1303.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moore JC, Spink J, Lipp M. 2012. Development and application of a database of food ingredient fraud and economically motivated adulteration from 1980 to 2010. J Food Sci. 77:R118–R126.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özpınar H, Tezmen G, Gökçe İ, Tekiner İH. 2013. Detection of animal species in some meat and meat products by comparatively using DNA microarray and real time PCR methods. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg. 19:245–252.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rahman MM, Ali ME, Abd Hamid SB, Bhassu S, Mustafa S, Al Amin M, Razzak MA. 2015. Lab-on-a-Chip PCR-RFLP assay for the detection of canine DNA in burger formulations. Food Anal Method. Jul;8:1598–1606.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rashid NRA, Ali ME, Hamid SBA, Rahman MM, Razzak MA, Asing, Amin MA. 2015. A suitable method to detect a potential fraud of bringing Macaque monkey meat into the food chain. Food Addit Contam A. 32:1013–1022.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Razzak A, Hamid SBA, Ali E. 2015. A lab-on-a-chip-based multiplex platform to detect potential fraud of bringing pig, dog, cat, rat and monkey meat in food chain. Food Addit Contam A. 32:1902–1913.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ririe KM, Rasmussen RP, Wittwer CT. 1997. Product differentiation by analysis of DNA melting curves during the polymerase chain reaction. Anal Biochem. 245:154–160.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Robinson JG, Bennett EL. 2000. Carrying capacity limits to sustainable hunting in tropical forests. In: Hunting for Sustainability in Tropical Forests. New York (NY): Columbia University Press. p. 13–30.
   Google Scholar
• Robinson JG, Bennett EL. 2002. Will alleviating poverty solve the bushmeat crisis? Oryx. 36:332–332.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojas M, González I, Pavón MÁ, Pegels N, Hernández PE, García T, Martín R. 2011. Development of a real-time PCR assay to control the illegal trade of meat from protected capercaillie species (Tetrao urogallus). Forensic Sci Int. 210:133–138.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rojas M, Gonzalez I, Pavon MA, Pegels N, Lago A, Hernandez PE, Garcia T, Martin R. 2010. Novel TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for verifying the authenticity of meat and commercial meat products from game birds. Food Addit Contam A. 27:749–763.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saez R, Sanz Y, Toldra F. 2004. PCR-based fingerprinting techniques for rapid detection of animal species in meat products. Meat Sci. 66:659–665.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Safdar M, Junejo Y. 2015. Development and validation of fast duplex real-time PCR assays based on SYBER Green florescence for detection of bovine and poultry origins in feedstuffs. Food Chem. 173:660–664.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoppe S. 2008. The Southeast Asian box turtle Cuora amboinensis (Daudin, 1802) in Malaysia. Proceedings of the NDF Workshop Case Studies, WG-7-reptiles and amphibians, case studies 6.
   Google Scholar
• Schoppe S, Das I. 2011. Cuora amboinensis (Riche in Daudin 1801)–Southeast Asian box turtle. Chelon Res Monogr. 5:053.051-053.013.
   Google Scholar
• Shackell GH. 2008. Traceability in the meat industry–the farm to plate continuum. Int J Food Sci Tech. 43:2134–2142.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soares S, Amaral JS, Oliveira MBP, Mafra I. 2013. A SYBR Green real-time PCR assay to detect and quantify pork meat in processed poultry meat products. Meat Sci. 94:115–120.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spinks PQ, Thomson RC, Zhang Y, Che J, Wu Y, Shaffer HB. 2012. Species boundaries and phylogenetic relationships in the critically endangered Asian box turtle genus Cuora. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 63:656–667.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Still J. 2003. Use of animal products in traditional Chinese medicine: environmental impact and health hazards. Complement Ther Med. 11:118–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Varga A, James D. 2006. Real-time RT-PCR and SYBR Green I melting curve analysis for the identification of plum pox virus strains C, EA, and W: effect of amplicon size, melt rate, and dye translocation. J Virol Methods. 132:146–153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woodhouse A. 2015. US$6m turtle meat shipment bound for Hong Kong seized in Pakistan, News/Hong Kong/WILDLIFE. South China Morning Post (International). [ Downloaded on 2015 Sep 1]. Available from: http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/article/1732213/us6m-turtle-meat-shipment-bound-hong-kong-seized-pakistan
   Google Scholar
• WWF. 2015.Ban selling and eating of turtle eggs. The Start online news. [ Downloaded on 2016 Feb 5]. Available from: http://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2015/06/30/wwf-ban-selling-and-eating-of-turtle-eggs
   Google Scholar
• Yan P, Wu X-B, Shi Y, Gu C-M, Wang R-P, Wang C-L. 2005. Identification of Chinese alligators (Alligator sinensis) meat by diagnostic PCR of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene. Biol Conserv. 121:45–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar