Longitudinal modelling of the exposure of young UK patients with PKU to acesulfame K and sucralose

References

• Aguiar A, Ahring K, Almeida MF, Assoun M, Belanger Quintana A, Bigot S, Bihet G, Blom Malmberg K, Burlina A, Bushueva T, et al. 2015. Practices in prescribing protein substitutes for PKU in Europe: no uniformity of approach. Mol Genet Metab. 115(1):17–22. Epub 2015 Mar 26. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2015.03.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahring K, Bélanger-Quintana A, Dokoupil K, Gokmen Ozel H, Lammardo AM, MacDonald A, Motzfeldt K, Nowacka M, Robert M, van Rijn M. 2009. Dietary management practices in phenylketonuria across European centres. Clin Nutr. 28(3):231–236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau N, Bélanger-Quintana A, Demirkol M, Feillet F, Giovannini M, MacDonald A, Trefz FK, van Spronsen F; European PKU centers. 2010b. Management of phenylketonuria in Europe: survey results from 19 countries. Mol Genet Metab. 99(2):109–115. Epub 2009 Sep 13. doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2009.09.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blau N, van Spronsen FJ, Levy HL. 2010a. Phenylketonuria. Lancet. 376:1417–1427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burgard P, Schmidt E, Rupp A, Schneider W, Bremer HJ. 1996. Intellectual development of the patients of the German Collaborative Study of children treated for phenylketonuria. Eur J Pediatr. 155(Suppl1):S33–S38.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Creme Global [Internet]. 2016. ‘Creme Global’, Creme Global Ltd. [ accessed 2016 Dec 23]. v3.6 http://www.cremeglobal.com/modelling-software/creme-food.
   Google Scholar
• Crone MR, van Spronsen FJ, Oudshoorn K, Bekhof J, van Rijn G, Verkerk PH. 2005. Behavioural factors related to metabolic control in patients with phenylketonuria. J Inherit Metab Dis. 28(5):627–637.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Department of Health, Dietary reference values for food, energy and nutrients for the United Kingdom. 1991. Report on Health and Social Subjects. No. 41. London: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Department of Health, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. Social Survey Division, Medical Research Council. Dunn Nutrition Unit. (1995). National Diet, Nutrition and Dental Survey of Children Aged 1 1/2 to 4 1/2 Years, 1992-1993. [data collection]. UK Data Service. SN: 3481. http://doi.org/10.5255/UKDA-SN-3481-1.
   Google Scholar
• Devitt L, Daneman D, Buccino J. 2004. Assessment of intakes of Artificial Sweeteners in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Can J Diabetes. 28(2):1–5.
   Google Scholar
• [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2009. General principles for the collection of national food consumption data in the view of a pan-European dietary survey. EFSA J. 7(12):1435. [ accessed 2015 Jul 23]. http://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/1435.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 1999. Commission Directive 1999/21/EC of 25 March 1999 on dietary foods for special medical purposes. OJ No. 91 Apr 7:29.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2000a. Scientific committee for food re-evaluation of acesulfame K with reference to the previous SCF opinion of 1991 (expressed on 9 March 2000). [Internet]; [ accessed 2017 Apr 1]. https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/sci-com_scf_out52_en.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2000b. Opinion of the scientific committee on food on sucralose (adopted by the SCF on 7 September 2000). [Internet]; [accessed 2017 Apr 1. Available from: https://ec.europa.eu/food/sites/food/files/safety/docs/sci-com_scf_out68_en.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2001. Report from the Commission on Dietary Food Additive Intake in the European Union. Brussels: Commission of the European Communities.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2003. Directive 2003/115/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 December 2003 amending Directive 94/35/EC on sweeteners for use in foodstuffs. OJ L. 24:65 [ accessed 2004 Jan 29].
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2006. Commission Directive 2006/125/EC of 5 December 2006 on processed cereal-based foods and baby foods for infants and young children. OJ L. 339 Dec 6:16–35.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2008. Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2008 on food additives. OJ L. 354 Dec 31:16–33.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2011. Commission Regulation (EU) No 1129/2011 of 11 November 2011 amending Annex II to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council by establishing a Union list of food additives. OJ No. 295 Nov 12:1.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2013. Regulation (EU) No 609/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 12 June 2013 on food intended for infants and young children, food for special medical purposes, and total diet replacement for weight control and repealing Council Directive 92/52/EEC, Commission Directives 96/8/EC, 1999/21/EC, 2006/125/EC and 2006/141/EC, Directive 2009/39/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulations (EC) No 41/2009 and (EC) No 953/2009. OJ L. 181 Jun 29:35–56.
   Google Scholar
• European Commission. 2015. Request for a scientific opinion on the extension of use of certain sweeteners (E950 Acesulfame K and E 955 Sucralose) and colours (E 160a Carotenes and E 162 Beetroot red, betanin) in dietary foods for young children for special medical purposes. Brussels, SANCO.E7/JS/km (2015). [accessed 2015 Apr 13]. http://registerofquestions.efsa.europa.eu/roqFrontend/wicket/page?1.
   Google Scholar
• FACET. 2012. Flavourings, additives and food contact materials exposure task homepage. Ireland: University College Dublin.
   Google Scholar
• FAO/WHO/UNU. 2007. Protein and amino acid requirements in human nutrition, Report of a Joint FAO/WHO/UNU Expert Consultation WHO Technical Report Series 935 United Nations University, Geneva.
   Google Scholar
• [FSAI] Food Safety Authority of Ireland. 2005. A surveillance study of the sweetener sucralose (E 955) in Irish retail products. [ accessed 2015 Jul 23]. www.fsai.ie/surveillance/food_safety/chemical/sucralose.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• [FSAI] Food Safety Authority of Ireland. 2009. A surveillance study of levels of artificial colours and sweeteners in Irish retail products. [accessed 2015 Jul 23]. http://www.fsai.ie/WorkArea/showcontent.aspx?id=8494.
   Google Scholar
• Garnier-Sagne I, Leblanc JC, Verger P. 2001. Calculation of the intake of three intense sweeteners in young insulin-dependent diabetics. Food Chem Toxicol. 39:745–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibney MJ, Van der Voet H. 2003. Introduction to the Monte Carlo project and the approach to validation of conceptual models of dietary exposure to selected food chemicals. Food Addit Contam. 20(Suppl 1) Oct:S1–S7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Gibson SA. 1999. Breakfast cereal consumption in young children: associations with non-milk extrinsic sugars and caries experience: further analysis of data from the UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey of children aged 1.5±4.5 years. Public Health Nutr. 3:227–232.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilsenan MB, Thompson RL, Lambe J, Gibney MJ. 2003. Validation analysis of probabilistic models of dietary exposure to food additives. Food Addit Contam. 20:S61–S72.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gregory JR, Collins DL, Davies PSW, Hughes J, Clarke P. 1995. National Diet and Nutrition Survey: Children aged 1.5 to 4.5 years. Vol. 1. Report of the Diet and Nutrition Survey. London: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Hinds K, Gregory JR. 1995. National Diet and Nutrition Survey: children aged 1.5 to 4.5 years. Vol. 2. Report of the Dental Survey. London: HMSO.
   Google Scholar
• Huvaere K, Vandevijvere S, Hasni M, Vinkx C, Van Loco J. Dietary intake of artificial sweeteners by the Belgian population. 2012. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 29(1):54–65. 2011 Nov 17. doi:10.1080/19440049.2011.627572.Epub
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ilbäck N-G, Alzin M, Jahrl S, Enghardt-Barbieri H, Busk L. 2003. Estimated intake of the artificial sweeteners acesulfame-K, aspartame, cyclamate and saccharin in a group of Swedish diabetics. Food Addit Contam. 20:99–114.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kettler S, Kennedy M, McNamara C, Oberdörfer R, O’Mahony C, Schnabel J, Smith B, Sprong C, Faludi R, Tennant D. 2015. Assessing and reporting uncertainties in dietary exposure analysis: mapping of uncertainties in a tiered approach. Food Chem Toxicol. 82:79–95. Review.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lambe J. 2002. The use of food consumption data in assessments of exposure to food chemicals, including the application of probabilistic modeling. Proc Nutr Soc. 61:11–18.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald A, Chakrapani A, Hendriksz C, Daly A, Davies P, Asplin D, Hall K, Booth IW. 2006. Protein substitute dosage in PKU: how much do young patients need? Arch Dis Child. 91(7):588–593. accessed 2006 Mar 17.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald A, Daly A, Davies P, Asplin D, Hall SK, Rylance G, Chakrapani A. 2004. Protein substitutes for PKU: what’s new? J Inherit Metab Dis. 27(3):363–371.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacDonald A, Gokmen-Ozel H, van Rijn M, Burgard P. 2010. The reality of dietary compliance in the management of phenylketonuria. J Inherit Metab Dis. 33:665–670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martyn DM, Nugent AP, McNulty BA, O’Reilly E, Tlustos C, Walton J, Flynn A, Gibney MJ. 2016. Dietary intake of four artificial sweeteners by Irish pre-school children. Food Addit Contam Part Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 33 4:592–602. Epub 2016 Mar 4. doi:10.1080/19440049.2016.1152880
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McNamara C, Naddy B, Rohan D, Sexton J. 2003. Design, development and validation of software for modelling dietary exposure to food chemicals and nutrients. Food Addit Contam. 20:S8–S26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medical Research Council Working Party on Phenylketonuria Recommendations on the dietary management of phenylketonuria. 1993. Arch Dis Child. 68:426–427.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mennella JA, Beauchamp GK. 1996. Developmental changes in the acceptance of protein hydrolysate formula. J Dev Behav Pediatr. 17(6):386–391.
   Google Scholar
• Mennella JA, Beauchamp GK. 2005. Understanding the origin of flavor preferences. Chem Senses. 30(Suppl.1):i242–i243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• National Health Service, Drug Tariff, Part XV Borderline Substances. 1993. Reproduced with permission and provided under Copyright by The British Library, Document Supply Services, Boston Spa. Wetherby (UK): NHS Business Services Authority. 2016. www.bldss.bl.uk.
   Google Scholar
• National Health Service, Drug Tariff, Part XV Borderline Substances. 2010. Reproduced with permission and provided under Copyright by The British Library, Document Supply Services, Boston Spa. Wetherby (UK): NHS Business Services Authority. 2016. www.bldss.bl.uk.
   Google Scholar
• National Health Service, Drug Tariff, Part XV Borderline Substances. 2012. Reproduced with permission and provided under Copyright by The British Library, Document Supply Services, Boston Spa. Wetherby (UK): NHS Business Services Authority. 2016. www.bldss.bl.uk.
   Google Scholar
• O’Sullivan AJ, Pigat S, O’Mahony C, Gibney MJ, McKevitt AI. 2016. Probabilistic modelling to assess exposure to three artificial sweeteners of young Irish patients aged 1–3 years with PKU and CMPA. Food Addit Contam: Part A. 33(11):1660–1671.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• OMIM® - Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man®. 2017. # 261600 PHENYLKETONURIA; PKU. [accessed 2017 Mar 17]. http://omim.org/entry/261600#142.
   Google Scholar
• Public Health England and Food Standards Agency. 2014. National Diet and Nutrition Survey: results from Years 1 to 4 (combined) of the rolling programme for 2008 and 2009 to 2011 and 2012. [accessed 2016 Aug 16]. https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/national-diet-and-nutrition-survey-results-from-years-1-to-4-combined-of-the-rolling-programme-for-2008-and-2009-to-2011-and-2012.
   Google Scholar
• Scriver CR. 2007. The PAH gene, phenylketonuria, and a paradigm shift. Hum Mutat. 28:831–845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Scriver CR, Clow CL. 1980. Phenylketonuria: epitome of human biochemical genetics. New Eng J Med. 303:1336–1342 and 1394–1400.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thane CW, Walmsley CM, Bates CJ, Prentice A, Cole TJ. 2000. Risk factors for poor iron status in British toddlers: further analysis of data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey of children aged 1.5±4.5 years. Public Health Nutr. 3:433–440.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vin K, Connolly A, McCaffrey T, McKevitt A, O’Mahony C, Prieto M, Tennant D, Hearty A, Volatier JL. 2013. Estimation of the dietary intake of 13 priority additives in France, Italy, the UK and Ireland as part of the FACET project. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 30(12):2050–2080.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [WHO] World Health Organization. 2003. Adherence to long term therapies: evidence for action. Geneva: WHO. [accessed 2012 Oct 25]. http://www.who.int/chp/knowledge/publications/adherence_introduction.pdf.
   Google Scholar