Arsenic species in rice and rice-based products consumed by toddlers in Switzerland

References

• [ATSDR] Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2007. Public health statement for arsenic. Public health service. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp2.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Banasiak U, Heseker H, Sieke C, Sommerfeld C, Vohmann C. 2005. Abschätzung der Aufnahme von Pfanzenschutzmittel-Rückständen in der Nahrung mit neuen Verzehrsmengen für Kinder. Bundesgesundheitsbl - Gesundheitsforsch -Gesundheitsschutz. 48:84–98.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• [BfR] Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung, Deutschland. 2015. Arsen in Reis und Reisprodukten. Nr 018/2015. http://mobil.bfr.bund.de/cm/343/arsen-in-reis-und-reisprodukten.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Bognar A. 2002. Tables on weight yield of food and retention factors of food constituents for the calculation of nutrient composition of cooked foods (dishes). Berichte Des Bundesforschungsanstalt Für Ernährung. http://www.fao.org/uploads/media/bognar_bfe-r-02-03.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Carbonell-Barrachina AA, Wu X, Ramirez-Gandolfo A, Norton GJ, Burlo F, Deacon C, Meharg AA. 2012. Inorganic arsenic contents in rice-based infant foods from Spain, UK, China and USA. Environ Pollut. 163:77–83.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chavez-Capilla T, Beshai M, Maher W, Kelly T, Foster S. 2016. Bioaccessibility and degradation of naturally occurring arsenic species from food in the human gastrointestinal tract. Food Chem. 212:189–197.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ciminelli VS, Gasparon M, Ng JC, Silva GC, Caldeira CL. 2017. Dietary arsenic exposure in Brazil: the contribution of rice and beans. Chemosphere. 168:996–1003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen SM, Arnold LL, Eldan M, Lewis AS, Beck BD. 2006. Methylated arsenicals: the implication of metabolism and carcinogenitcity studies in rodents to human risk assessment. Crit Rev Toxicol. 36:99–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [CoC] Committee on Carcinogenicity. 2012. Risk characterisation methods. COC/G 06 – Version 1.0, 2012. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/315883/Risk_characterisation_methods.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Committee on Carcinogenicity (CoC). 2014. Defining a point of departure and potency estimates in carcinogenic dose response, COC/G 05 – version 1.0, 2014. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/359324/Defining_a_point_of_departure_and_potency_estimates_in_carcinogenic_dose_response.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Conklin SD, Chen PE. 2012. Quantification of four arsenic species in fruit juices by ion-chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 29:1272–1279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Davis MA, Signes-Pastor AJ, Argos M, Slaughter F, Pendergrast C, Punshon T, Gossai A, Ahsan H, Karagas MR. 2017. Assessment of human dietary exposure to arsenic through rice. Sci Total Environ. 586:1237–1244.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [DFI] Département Fédéral de l’Intérieur, Suisse. 2016. Ordonnance du DFI sur les teneurs maximales en contaminants. https://www.admin.ch/opc/fr/classified-compilation/20143406/201705010000/817.022.15.pdf. French.
   Google Scholar
• [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2017. Update: use of the benchmark dose approach in risk assessment. Efsa J. 15(1):4658. https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/efsajournal/pub/4658.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2009. EFSA panel on contaminants in the food chain (CONTAM): scientific opinion on arsenic in food. Efsa J. 7(10):1351.
   Google Scholar
• [EFSA] European Food Safety Authority. 2014. Dietary exposure to inorganic arsenic in the European population. Efsa J. 12(3):3597.
   Google Scholar
• [EC] European Commission. 2015. EU rice economic fact sheet. https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/sites/agriculture/files/cereals/trade/rice/economic-fact-sheet_en.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• [FAO/WHO] Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization. Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards Programme. 1998. Position paper on arsenic. ftp://ftp.fao.org/codex/meetings/CCFAC/CCFAC31/fa99_22e.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Farzan SF, Karagas MR, Chen Y. 2013. In utero and early life arsenic exposure in relation to long-term health and disease. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 272:384–390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ferreccio C, Gonzales C, Milosavjlevic V, Marshall G, Sancha AM, Smith AH. 2000. Lung cancer and arsenic concentration in drinking water in Chile. Epidemiology. 11:673–679.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Guzman Mar JL, Ryes LH, Mizanur Rhaman GM, Skip Kingston HM. 2009. Simultaneous extraction of arsenic and selenium species from rice products by microwave-assisted enzymatic extraction and analysis by ion chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. J Agric Food Chem. 57:3005–3013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hilbig A, Kersting M. 2006. Effects of age and time on energy and macronutrient intake in German infants and young children: results of the DONALD study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 43:518–524.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang C, Ke Q, Costa M, Shi X. 2004. Molecular mechanisms of arsenic carcinogenesis. Mol Cell Biochem. 255:57–66.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang JH, Fecher P, Ilgen G, Hu KN, Yang J. 2012. Speciation of arsenite and arsenate in rice grain—Verification of nitric acid based extraction method and mass sample survey. Food Chem. 130:453–459.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes MF. 2002. Arsenic toxicity and potential mechanism of action. Toxicol Lett. 133:1–16.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [IARC] International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2012. Arsenic and arsenic compounds. http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol100C/mono100C-6.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Jackson BP, Bertsch PM. 2001. Determination of arsenic speciation in poultry wastes by IC-ICP-MS. Environ Sci Technol. 35:4868–4873.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Juskelis R, Li W, Nelson J, Cappozzo JC. 2013. Arsenic speciation in rice cereals for infants. J Agric Food Chem. 61:10670–10676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kapaj S, Peterson H, Liber K, Bhattacharya P. 2006. Human health effects from chronic arsenic poisoning—a review. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 41:2399–2428.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lamont WH. 2003. Concentration of inorganic arsenic in samples of white rice from the United States. J Food Compos Anal. 16:687–695.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Llorente-Mirandes T, Calderon J, Centrich F, Rubio R, Lopez-Sanchez JF. 2014. A need for determination of arsenic species at low levels in cereal-based food and infant cereals. Validation of a method by IC-ICPMS. Food Chem. 147:377–385.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombi E, Scheckel KG, Palloon J, Carey AM, Zhu Y, Meharg AA. 2009. Speciation and distribution of arsenic and localization of nutrients in rice grains. New Phytologist. 184:186–201.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu Y, Adomako EE, Solaiman ARM, Rafiqul Islam M, Deacon C, Williams PN, Rahman GKMM, Meharg AA. 2008. Baselin soil variation is a major factor in arsenic accumulation in Bengal Delta paddy rice. Environ Sci Technol. 23:1724–1729.
   Google Scholar
• Meharg AA, Sun G, Williams PN, Adomako E, Deacon C, Zhu YG, Feldmann J, Raab A. 2008. Inorganic arsenic levels in baby rice are of concern. Environ Pollut. 152:746–749.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meharg AA, Williams PN, Adomako E, Lawgali Y, Deacon C, Villada A, Cambell RCJ, Sun G, Zhu Y-G, Feldmann J, et al. 2009. Geographical variation on total and inorganic arsenic content of polished (white) rice. Environ Sci Technol. 43:1612–1617.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munera-Picazo S, Burlo F, Carbonell-Barrachina AA. 2014a. Arsenic speciation in rice-based food for adults with celiac disease. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 31:1358–1366.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Munera-Picazo S, Ramirez-Gandolfo A, Burlo F, Carbonell-Barrachina AA. 2014b. Inorganic and total arsenic contents in rice-based foods for children with celiac disease. J Food Sci. 79:T122–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Naujokas MF, Anderson B, Ahsan H, Vasken Aposhian HV, Graziano JH, Thompson C, Suk WA. 2013. The broad scope of health effects from chronic arsenic exposure update on a worldwide public health problem. Environ Health Perspect. 121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [OECD-FAO] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development-Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.. 2015. Rice projections: consumption, per capita. http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/512015021e1t022.pdf?expires=1505984967&id=id&accname=guest&checksum=203B5B15E29D477ED392119A5B008173.
   Google Scholar
• Pedron T, Segura FR, Ferreira da Silva F, de Souza AL, Maltez HF, Lemos Batista B. 2016. Essential and non-essential elements in Brazilian infant food and other rice-based products frequently consumed by children and celiac population. J Food Compos Anal. 49:78–86.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rintala EM, Ekholm P, Koivisto P, Peltonen K, Venalainen ER. 2014. The intake of inorganic arsenic from long grain rice and rice-based baby food in Finland—low safety margin warrants follow up. Food Chem. 150:199–205.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ruangwises S, Saipan P, Ruangwises N. 2014. Wheat and rice in disease prevention and health. Book: benefits, risks and mechanisms of whole grains in health promotion. New York (NY): Elsevier.
   Google Scholar
• Sanz E, Munoz R, Camara C. 2005. A rapid and novel alternative to conventional sample treatment for arsenic speciation in rice using enzymatic ultrasonic probe. Analytica Chimica Acta. 535:227–235.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Signes-Pastor AJ, Carey M, Carbonell-Barrachina AA, Moreno-Jimenez E, Green AJ, Meharg AA. 2016a. Geographical variation in inorganic arsenic in paddy field samples and commercial rice from the Iberian Peninsula. Food Chem. 202:356–363.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Signes-Pastor AJ, Carey M, Meharg AA. 2016b. Inorganic arsenic in rice-based products for infants and young children. Food Chem. 191:128–134.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taylor V, Goodale B, Raab A, Schwerdtle T, Reimer K, Conklin S, Karagas MR, Francesconi KA. 2017. Human exposure to organic arsenic species from seafood. Sci Total Environ. 580:266–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tolins M, Ruchirawat M, Landrigan P. 2014. The developmental neurotoxicity of arsenic: cognitive and behavioral consequences of early life exposure. Ann Glob Health. 80:303–314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [EPA] Environmental Protection Agency. 2005. Guidelines for carcinogen risk assessment. https://www3.epa.gov/airtoxics/cancer_guidelines_final_3-25-05.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• [FDA] Food and Drug Administration. 2013. Analytical results from inorganic arsenic in rice and rice products sampling September 2013. https://www.fda.gov/downloads/food/foodborneillnesscontaminants/metals/ucm352467.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Watanabe T, Hirano S. 2013. Metabolism of arsenic and its toxicological relevance. Arch Toxicol. 87:969–979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• [WHO] World Health Organisation. 2011a. Arsenic in drinking-water. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/chemicals/arsenic.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• [WHO] World Health Organisation. 2011b. Guidelines for drinking-water quality. http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/dwq/arsenicun5.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Williams PN, Villada A, Deacon C, Raab A, Figuerola J, Green AJ, Feldmann J, Meharg AA. 2007. Greatly enhanced arsenic shoot assimilation in rice leads to elevated grain levels compared to wheat and barley. Environ Sci Technol. 41:6854–6859.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu C, Ye Z, Shu W, Zhu Y, Wong M. 2011. Arsenic accumulation and speciation in rice are affected by root aeration and variation of genotypes. J Exp Bot. 62:2889–2898.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zavala YJ, Gerards R, Gürleyük H, Duxbury JM. 2008. Arsenic in rice: II. Arsenic speciation in USA grain and implication for human health. Environ Sci Technol. 42:3861–3866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhao FJ, Zhu YG, Meharg AA. 2013. Methylated arsenic species in rice: geographical variation, origin, and uptake mechanisms. Environ Sci Technol. 47:3957–3966.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar