2,492
Views
0
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Cannabinoid contents in hemp teas and estimation of their transfer into tea infusions

, , &
Pages 890-901 | Received 26 Apr 2023, Accepted 04 Jun 2023, Published online: 07 Jul 2023

References

  • Andre CM, Hausman J-F, Guerriero G. 2016. Cannabis sativa: the plant of the thousand and one molecules. Front Plant Sci. 7:19 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00019.
  • BfR. 2018. Tetrahydrocannabinol levels are too high in many hemp-containing foods—health impairments are possible. BfR Opinion No 034/2018.
  • Citti C, Linciano P, Russo F, Luongo L, Iannotta M, Maione S, Laganà A, Capriotti AL, Forni F, Vandelli MA, et al. 2019. A novel phytocannabinoid isolated from Cannabis sativa L. with an in vivo cannabimimetic activity higher than Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol: Δ(9)-Tetrahydrocannabiphorol. Sci Rep. 9(1):20335. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-56785-1.
  • Citti C, Pacchetti B, Vandelli MA, Forni F, Cannazza G. 2018. Analysis of cannabinoids in commercial hemp seed oil and decarboxylation kinetics studies of cannabidiolic acid (CBDA). J Pharm Biomed Anal. 149:532–540. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.044.
  • Coffman CB, Gentner WA. 1974. Cannabis sativa L.: Effect of drying time and temperature on cannabinoid profile of stored leaf tissue. Bulletin on Narcotics. 26:67–70.
  • Crombie L, Ponsford R, Shani A, Yagnitinsky B, Mechoulam R. 1968. Hashish components. Photochemical production of cannabicyclol from cannabichromene. Tetrahedron Lett. No9 (55):5771–5772. doi: 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)76346-5.
  • de Meijer EPM, van der Kamp HJ, van Eeuwijk FA. 1992. Characterisation of Cannabis accessions with regard to cannabinoid content in relation to other plant characters. Euphytica. 62(3):187–200. doi: 10.1007/BF00041753.
  • DIN10809 1988. Bereitung eines Aufgusses für sensorische Prüfungen. Deutsches Institut für Normung. Berlin (Germany): Beuth-Verlag.
  • Dräger H, Barthlott I, Golombek P, Walch SG, Lachenmeier DW. 2022. Time trends of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in a 2008–2021 German National Survey of Hemp Food Products. Foods. 11(3):486. doi: 10.3390/foods11030486.
  • EFSA. 2015. Scientific Opinion on the risks for human health related to the presence of tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in milk and other food of animal origin. Efsa J. 13(6)4141(European Food Safety Authority: scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)):125. pp.
  • EU-Regulation 2013. 1308/ Regulation (EU) No 1308/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 establishing a common organisation of the markets in agricultural products and repealing Council Regulations (EEC) No 922/72, (EEC) No 234/79, (EC) No 1037/2001 and (EC) No 1234/2007.L 347/608
  • Fetterman PS, Keith ES, Waller CW, Guerrero O, Doorenbos NJ, Quimby MW. 1971. Mississippi-grown Cannabis sativa L: preliminary observation on chemical definition of phenotype and variations in tetrahydrocannabinol content versus age, sex, and plant part. J Pharm Sci. 60(8):1246–1249. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600600832.
  • Flores-Sánchez IJ, Verpoorte R. 2008. Secondary metabolism in cannabis. Phytochem Rev. 7(3):615–639. doi: 10.1007/s11101-008-9094-4.
  • Gigopulu O, Geskovski N, Stefkov G, Stoilkovska Gjorgievska V, Slaveska Spirevska I, Huck CW, Makreski P. 2022. A unique approach for in-situ monitoring of the THCA decarboxylation reaction in solid state. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc. 267(Pt 2):120471. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2021.120471.
  • Hanuš LO, Meyer SM, Muñoz E, Taglialatela-Scafati O, Appendino G. 2016. Phytocannabinoids: a unified critical inventory. Nat Prod Rep. 33(12):1357–1392. doi: 10.1039/c6np00074f.
  • Hazekamp A, Bastola K, Rashidi H, Bender J, Verpoorte R. 2007. Cannabis tea revisited: a systematic evaluation of the cannabinoid composition of cannabis tea. J Ethnopharmacol. 113(1):85–90. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.05.019.
  • Hillig KW, Mahlberg PG. 2004. A chemotaxonomic analysis of cannabinoid variation in Cannabis (Cannabaceae). Am J Bot. 91(6):966–975. doi: 10.3732/ajb.91.6.966.
  • Knezevic F, Nikolai A, Marchart R, Sosa S, Tubaro A, Novak J. 2021. Residues of herbal hemp leaf teas–How much of the cannabinoids remain? Food Control. 127:108146. doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108146.
  • Lachenmeier DW, Kroener L, Musshoff F, Madea B. 2004. Determination of cannabinoids in hemp food products by use of headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem. 378(1):183–189. doi: 10.1007/s00216-003-2268-4.
  • Lindholst C. 2010. Long term stability of cannabis resin and cannabis extracts. Aust J Forensic Sci. 42(3):181–190. doi: 10.1080/00450610903258144.
  • McPartland JM, Small E. 2020. A classification of endangered high-THC cannabis (Cannabis sativa subsp. indica) domesticates and their wild relatives. PhytoKeys. 144:81–112. doi: 10.3897/phytokeys.144.46700.
  • Meija J, McRae G, Miles CO, Melanson JE. 2022. Thermal stability of cannabinoids in dried cannabis: a kinetic study. Anal Bioanal Chem. 414(1):377–384. doi: 10.1007/s00216-020-03098-2.
  • Moreno T, Dyer P, Tallon S. 2020. Cannabinoid decarboxylation: a comparative kinetic study. Ind Eng Chem Res. 59(46):20307–20315. doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03791.
  • Morimoto S, Komatsu K, Taura F, Shoyama Y. 1998. Purification and characterization of cannabichromenic acid synthase from Cannabis sativa. Phytochemistry. 49(6):1525–1529. doi: 10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00278-7.
  • Pacifico D, Miselli F, Carboni A, Moschella A, Mandolino G. 2008. Time course of cannabinoid accumulation and chemotype development during the growth of Cannabis sativa L. Euphytica. 160(2):231–240. doi: 10.1007/s10681-007-9543-y.
  • Perrotin-Brunel H, Buijs W, Spronsen J, Roosmalen MJEv, Peters CJ, Verpoorte R, Witkamp G-J. 2011. Decarboxylation of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol: kinetics and molecular modeling. J Mol Struct. 987(1-3):67–73. doi: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2010.11.061.
  • Pertwee RG, Howlett AC, Abood ME, Alexander SPH, Di Marzo V, Elphick MR, Greasley PJ, Hansen HS, Kunos G, Mackie K, et al. 2010. international union of basic and clinical pharmacology. LXXIX. Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: beyond CB1 and CB2. Pharmacol Rev. 62(4):588–631. doi: 10.1124/pr.110.003004.
  • Petri G, Oroszlán P, Fridvalszky L. 1988. Histochemical detection of hemp trichomes and their correlation with the THC content. Acta Biol Hung. 39(1):59–73.
  • Piluzza G, Delogu G, Cabras A, Marceddu S, Bullitta S. 2013. Differentiation between fibre and drug types of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) from a collection of wild and domesticated accessions. Genet Resour Crop Evol. 60(8):2331–2342. doi: 10.1007/s10722-013-0001-5.
  • Sawler J, Stout JM, Gardner KM, Hudson D, Vidmar J, Butler L, Page JE, Myles S. 2015. The genetic structure of marijuana and hemp. PLoS One. 10(8):e0133292. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133292.
  • Seo C, Jeong M, Lee S, Kim EJ, Rho S, Cho M, Lee YS, Hong J. 2022. Thermal decarboxylation of acidic cannabinoids in Cannabis species: identification of transformed cannabinoids by UHPLC-Q/TOF–MS. J Anal Sci Technol. 13(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s40543-022-00351-4.
  • Small E, Beckstead HD. 1973. Cannabinoid phenotypes in Cannabis sativa. Nature. 245(5421):147–148. doi: 10.1038/245147a0.
  • Small E, Cronquist A. 1976. A practical and natural taxonomy for cannabis. TAXON. 25(4):405–435. doi: 10.2307/1220524.
  • Taura F, Sirikantaramas S, Shoyama Y, Yoshikai K, Shoyama Y, Morimoto S. 2007. Cannabidiolic-acid synthase, the chemotype-determining enzyme in the fibre-type Cannabis sativa. FEBS Lett. 581(16):2929–2934. doi: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.05.043.
  • Turner CE, Elsohly MA, Boeren EG. 1980. Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. XVII. A review of the natural constituents. J Nat Prod. 43(2):169–234. doi: 10.1021/np50008a001.
  • Turner CE, Hadley KW, Fetterman PS, Doorenbos NJ, Quimby MW, Waller C. 1973. Constituents of Cannabis sativa L. IV: stability of cannabinoids in stored plant material. J Pharm Sci. 62(10):1601–1605. doi: 10.1002/jps.2600621005.
  • Wang M, Wang Y-H, Avula B, Radwan MM, Wanas AS, van Antwerp J, Parcher JF, ElSohly MA, Khan IA. 2016. Decarboxylation study of acidic cannabinoids: a novel approach using ultra-high-performance supercritical fluid chromatography/photodiode array-mass spectrometry. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res. 1(1):262–271. doi: 10.1089/can.2016.0020.
  • Zamengo L, Bettin C, Badocco D, Di Marco V, Miolo G, Frison G. 2019. The role of time and storage conditions on the composition of hashish and marijuana samples: a four-year study. Forensic Sci Int. 298:131–137. doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.058.