Review and assessment of the newly developed MD for desalination processes

References

• www.desaldata.com.
   Google Scholar
• Srinivas (Vasu) Veerapaneni, Sunny Wany, Rick Bond, Emerging desalination technologies—An overview, IDA World Congress/Perth Convention and Exhibition Centre (PCEC), Perth, Western Australia, September 4–9, 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Lawson , Kevin W. and Lloyd , Douglas R. 1997 . Review membrane distillation . J. Membr. Sci. , 124 : 1 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Bourawi , M.S. , Ding , Z. , Ma , R. and Khayet , M. 2006 . A framework for better understanding membrane distillation separation process . J. Membr. Sci. , 285 : 4 – 29 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali , Muhammad Tauha , Fath , Hassan E.S. and Armstrong , Peter R. 2011 . A comprehensive techno-economical review of indirect solar desalination . Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. , 15 : 4187 – 4199 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• TNO, www.tno.nl, Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Gryta , Marek . 2005 . Osmotic MD and other membrane distillation variants . J. Membr. Sci. , 246 : 145 – 156 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khayet , Mohamed and Matsuura , Takeshi . 2011 . Membrane distillation principles and application , Amsterdam : Elsevier .
   Google Scholar
• Saffarini , R.B. , Summers , E.K. , Arafat , H.A. and Lienhard V , J.H. 2012 . Technical evaluation of stand-alone solar powered membrane distillation systems . Desalination , 286 : 332 – 341 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong , Chin Lee , Escher , W. , Paredes , S. , Khalil , A.S.G. and Michel , B. 2012 . A novel concept of enrgy reuse from high concentration photovoltaic thermal (HCPVT) system for desalination . Desalination , 295 : 70 – 81 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hwang , Ho Jung , He , Ke , Gray , Stephen , Zhang , Jianhua and Moon , Il Shik . 2011 . Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD): Experimental study on the commercial PTFE membrane and modeling . J. Membr. Sci. , 371 : 90 – 98 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Water Desalination Resue, 47(11) (2011).
   Google Scholar
• Fath , Hassan E.S. , Elsherbiny , Samy M. , Hassan , Alaa A. , Rommel , Matthias , Wieghaus , Marcel , Koschikowski , Joachim and Vatansever , Mostafa . 2008 . PV and thermal driven small-scale, stand-alone solar desalination systems with very low maintenance need . Desalination , 225 : 58 – 69 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banat , Fawzi , Jwaied , Nesreen , Rommel , Matthias , Koschikowski , Joachim and Wieghaus , Marcel . 2007 . Performance evaluation of the “large SMADES” autonomous desalination solar-driven membrane distillation plant in Aqaba, Jordan . Desalination , 217 : 17 – 28 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Banat , Fawzi , Jwaied , Nesreen , Rommel , Matthias , Koschikowski , Joachim and Wieghaus , Marcel . 2007 . Desalinationby a compact SMADAS autonomous solar-powered membrane distillation unit . Desalination , 217 : 29 – 37 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kai , Yu. , Wang , May May , Teoh , Adrian Nugroho and Chung , Tai-Shung . 2011 . Integrated forward osmosis-membrane distillation (FO–MD) hybrid system for the concentration of protein solutions . Chemical Engineering Science Journal , 66 : 2421 – 2430 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gryta , M. , Karakulski , K. and Morawski , A.W. 2001 . Purification of only wastewater by hybrid UF/MD . Water Res. , 35 ( 15 ) : 3665 – 3669 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El-Zanati , E. and El-Khatib , K.M. 2007 . Integrated membrane—based desalination system . Desalination , 205 : 15 – 25 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen , Tsung-Ching , Ho , Chii-Dong and Yeh , Ho-Ming . 2009 . Theoretical modeling and experimental analysis of direct contact membrane distillation . J. Membr. Sci. , 330 : 279 – 287 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cipollina , Andrea , Micale , Giorgio , Rizzuti , Lucio and and Editors . 2009 . Seawater desalination conventional and renewable energy processes , Heidelberg : Springer Book .
   Google Scholar
• Termpiyakul , P. , Jiraratananon , R. and Srisurichan , S. 2005 . Heat and mass transfer characteristics of a direct contact membrane distillation process for desalination . Desalination , 177 : 133 – 141 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf S. Hassan, Hassan E.S. Fath, Numerical study of direct contact membrane distillation process; Steady state, transient and dynamic performance, Euro Membrane 2012 Conference, London, 23–27 September 2012, accepted for publication.
   Google Scholar