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Articles

Simple process for hardening desalinated water with Mg2+ ions

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Pages 924-929 | Received 04 Mar 2012, Accepted 25 Jun 2012, Published online: 13 Jul 2012

References

  • Israeli Ministry of Health, Drinking Water Quality Standards, Jan. 2012, pp. 33 (Hebrew text).
  • Knesset Labor Committee, Social Affairs and Health, Motion following a quick discussion, adding magnesium to desalinated water, 11 January 2011 (Hebrew text).
  • Birnhack , L. and Lahav , O. 2007 . A new post-treatment process for attaining Ca2+, Mg2+, SO4 2− and alkalinity criteria in desalinated water . Water Res. , 41 : 3989 – 3997 .
  • Birnhack , L. , Penn , R. and Lahav , O. 2008 . Quality criteria for desalinated water and introduction of a novel, cost effective and advantageous post treatment process . Desalination , 221 : 70 – 83 .
  • Penn , R. , Birnhack , L. , Adin , A. and Lahav , O. 2009 . New desalinated drinking water regulations are met by an innovative post-treatment process for improved public health . Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply , 9 : 225 – 231 .
  • Birnhack , L. , Oren , S. , Lehmann , O. and Lahav , O. 2010 . Development of an additional step to current CO2-based CaCO3(s) dissolution post-treatment processes for cost-effective Mg2+ supply to desalinated water . Chem. Eng. J. , 160 : 48 – 56 .
  • Birnhack , L. , Penn , R. , Oren , S. , Lehmann , O. and Lahav , O. 2010 . Pilot scale evaluation of a novel post-treatment process for desalinated water . Desalin. Water Treat. , 13 : 128 – 136 .
  • Visual Minteq V. 3.0 at www.lwr.kth.se/English/OurSoftware/vminteq (accessed Feb. 2012).
  • Wilson , E.J. and Geankoplis , C.J. 1966 . Liquid mass transfer at very low Reynolds numbers in packed beds . Ind. Eng. Chem. Fundamen. , 5 : 9 – 14 .

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