Small wastewater treatment plants in Italy: situation and case studies of upgrading with advanced technologies

References

• Orth , H. 2007 . Centralized versus decentralized wastewater systems ? . Water Sci. Technol. , 56 ( 5 ) : 259 – 266 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Masotti , L. and Verlicchi , P. 2005 . Depurazione delle acque di piccole comunità [Small Communities Wastewater Treatment] , Milano : Hoepli .
   Google Scholar
• Wilderer , P.A. and Schreff , D. 2000 . Decentralized and centralized wastewater management: A challenge for developers . Water Sci. Technol. , 41 ( 1 ) : 1 – 8 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peavy , H.S. , Rowe , D.R. and Tchobanoglous , G. 1985 . Environmental Engineering , International ed. , New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Metcalf & Eddy Inc. 1991 . Wastewater Engineering: Treatment, Disposal and Reuse , New York , NY : McGraw-Hill .
   Google Scholar
• Saleh , A.M. and Hamoda , M.F. 1999 . Upgrading of secondary clarifiers by inclined plate settlers . Water Sci. Technol. , 40 ( 7 ) : 141 – 149 .
   Google Scholar
• Sekoulov , I. and Plaß , R. 1995 . Patentschrift DE 43 29 239 C2 , München : Deutsches Patentamt .
   Google Scholar
• Kolisch , G. and Schirmer , G. 2004 . Lamella separators in the upgrading of a large urban sewage treatment plant . Water Sci. Technol. , 50 ( 7 ) : 205 – 212 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• G. Pastorelli, Processi a biomassa adesa a letto mobile, in “Sviluppi nelle tecniche di depurazione delle acque reflue”, [Moving Bed Biofilm Processes, in “Development in Wastewater Treatment Techniques”], in: Proceedings of the 52nd Sanitary–Environmental Engineering Course. Polytechnic University, Milano, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Hem , L. , Rusten , B. and Ødegaard , H. 1994 . Nitrification in a moving bed biofilm reactor . Water Res. , 28 ( 6 ) : 1425 – 1433 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusten , B. , Hem , L. and Ødegaard , H. 1995 . Nitrification of municipal wastewater in moving-bed biofilm reactors . Water Environ. Res. , 67 ( 1 ) : 75 – 86 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusten , B. , Hem , L. and Ødegaard , H. 1995 . Nitrogen removal from diluite wastewater in cold climate using moving-bed biofilm reactors . Water Environ. Res. , 67 ( 1 ) : 65 – 74 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ødegaard, B. Rusten, Norwegian experiences with nitrogen removal in a moving bed biofilm reactor, in Documentation of 9, EWPCA-ISWA Symposium, Liquid Wastes Section, Munich, 11–14 May 1993, pp. 205–221.
   Google Scholar
• Kiuru , H. 2001 . Development of dissolved air flotation technology from the first generation to the newest (third) one (DAF in turbulent flow conditions) . Water Sci. Technol. , 43 ( 8 ) : 1 – 7 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ødegaard , H. 2001 . The use of dissolved air flotation in municipal wastewater treatment . Water Sci. Technol. , 43 ( 8 ) : 75 – 81 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Malpei, A. Azzelino, Applicazioni dei processi biologici a membrana, in “Sviluppi nelle tecniche di depurazione delle acque reflue” [Applications of membrane biological processes, in “Development in wastewater treatment techniques”], in: 52nd Sanitary–Environmental Engineering Course Proceedings. Polytechnic University, Milano, 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Dijk , L. and Roncken , G.C.G. 1997 . Membrane bioreactors for wastewater treatment: The state of the art and new developments . Water Sci. Technol. , 35 ( 10 ) : 35 – 41 .
   Google Scholar
• Còtè , P. , Buisson , H. , Pound , C. and Arakaki , G. 1997 . Immersed membrane activated sludge for the reuse of municipal wastewater . Desalination. , 113 : 189 – 196 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gander , M.A. , Jefferson , B. and Judd , S.J. 2000 . Membrane bioreactors for use in small wastewater treatment plants: Membrane materials and effluent quality . Water Sci. Technol. , 41 ( 1 ) : 205 – 211 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atasoy , E. , Murat , S. , Baban , A. and Tiris , M. 2007 . Membrane bioreactor (MBR) treatment of segregated household wastewater for reuse . Clean: Soil, Air, Water. , 35 ( 5 ) : 465 – 472 .
   Google Scholar
• Lesjean , B. and Gnirss , R. 2006 . Greywater treatment with a membrane bioreactor operated at low SRT and low HRT . Desalination. , 199 : 432 – 434 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merz , C. , Scheumann , R. , El Hamouri , B. and Kraume , M. 2007 . Membrane bioreactor technology for the treatment of greywater from a sports and leisure club . Desalination. , 215 : 37 – 43 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ISTAT, Il Sistema delle Indagini sulle Acque – Anno 1999 (System of Water Studies – Year 1999, in Italian language), Report, Italian Statistic Institute, Roma, 2006
   Google Scholar
• Avezzù , F. , Falletti , L. and Riganti , V. 2010 . La gestione dei piccoli impianti di depurazione [Small Wastewater Treatment Plants Management] , Milano : CIPA .
   Google Scholar
• Falletti , L. and Conte , L. 2007 . Upgrading of activated sludge wastewater treatment plants with hybrid moving-bed biofilm reactors . Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. , 46 : 6656 – 6660 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar