Floc growth kinetics in magnesium hydroxide coagulation process

References

• D.S. Wang, H.X. Tang, J. Gregory, Relative importance of charge neutralization and precipitation on coagulation of kaolin with PACl: Effect of sulfate ion. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 (2002) 1815–1823.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• T. Li, Z. Zhu, D.S. Wang, Characterization of floc size, strength and structure under various coagulation mechanisms, Powder Technol. 168 (2006) 104–110.
   Google Scholar
• W.Z. Yu, J. Gregory, L. Campos, The effect of additional coagulant on the re-growth of alum–kaolin flocs. Sep. Purif. Technol. 74 (2010) 305–309.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Vahedi, B. Gorczyca, Application of fractal dimensions to study the structure of flocs formed in lime softening process. Water Res. 45 (2011) 545–556.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• W.P. Cheng, R.F. Yu, Y.J. Hsieh, S.Y. Wu, Y.W. Huang, S.M. Chen, Optimizing coagulant demand by nephelometric turbidimeter monitoring system (NTMS). Desalin. Water Treat. 16 (2010) 95–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.R. Xu, C.S.B. Fitzpatrick, J. Gregory, Floc formation, size distribution and its transformation detected by online laser particle counter, Sep. Sci. Technol. 43 (2008) 1725–1736.
   Google Scholar
• D. Gregory, K. Carlson, Relationship of pH and floc formation kinetics to granular media filtration performance. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 (2003) 1398–1403.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. McCurdy, K. Carlson, D. Gregory, Floc morphology and cyclic shearing recovery: Comparison of alum and polyaluminum chloride coagulants, Water Res. 38 (2004) 486–494.
   Google Scholar
• S. Schuetz, M. Piesche, A mathematical model of coagulation processes. Sep. Purif. Technol. 26 (2002) 61–68.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Schuetz, M. Piesche, A model of the coagulation process with solid particles and flocs in a turbulent flow. Chem. Eng. Sci. 57 (2002) 4357–4368.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.L. Ahmad, M.F. Chong, S. Bhatia, Population balance model (PBM) for flocculation process: Simulation and experimental studies of palm oil mill effluent (POME) pretreatment. Chem. Eng. J. 140 (2008) 86–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• V. Runkana, P. Somasundaran, P.C. Kapur, Apopulation balance model for flocculation of colloidal suspensions by polymer bridging, Chem. Eng. Sci. 61 (2006) 182–191.
   Google Scholar
• C. Coufort, D. Bouyer, A. Line, B. Haut, Modelling of flocculation using a population balance equation. Chem. Eng. Process. 46 (2007) 1264–1273.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. El-Gohary, A. Tawfik, Decolorization and COD reduction of disperse and reactive dyes wastewater using chemical-coagulation followed by sequential batch reactor (SBR) process. Desalination 249 (2009) 1159–1164.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• B.Y. Gao, Q.Y. Yue, Y. Wang, WZh Zhou, Color removal from dye-containing wastewater by magnesium chloride. J. Environ. Manage. 82 (2007) 167–172.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Ozkan, M. Yekeler, Coagulation and flocculation characteristics of celestite with different inorganic salts and polymers. Chem. Eng. Process. 43 (2004) 873–879.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.Z. Bouyakoub, B.S. Lartiges, R. Ouhib, S. Kacha, A.G. EI Samrani, J. Ghanbaja, O. Barres, MnCl2 and MgCl2 for the removal of reactive dye Levafix Brilliant Blue EBRA from synthetic textile wastewaters: An adsorption/aggregation mechanism. J. Hazard. Mater. 187 (2011) 264–273.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.A. Nason, D.F. Lawler, Particle size distribution dynamics during precipitative softening: Declining solution composition, Water Res. 43 (2009) 303–312.
   Google Scholar
• G.M. Ayoub, F. Merhebi, A. Acra, M.E. Fadel, B. Koopman, Seawater bittern for the treatment of alkalized industrial effluents. Water Res. 34 (2000) 640–656.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A.D. Randolph, M.A. Larson, Theory of Particulate Processes. Academic Press, New York, 1988.
   Google Scholar
• M.J. Hounslow, R.L. Ryall, V.R. Marshall, A discretized population balance for nucleation, growth and aggregation. AIChE J. 34 (1988) 1821–1832.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P.T. Spicer, S.E. Pratsinis, Shear induced flocculation: the evolution of floc structure and the shape of the size distribution at steady state. Water Res. 30 (1996) 1048–1056.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• G.F. Abegg, J.D. Stevens, M.A. Larson, Crystal size distribution in continuous crystallizer when growth rate is size dependent. AIChE J. 14 (1968) 188–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Semerjian, G.M. Ayoub, High-pH–magnesium coagulation–flocculation in wastewater treatment, Adv. Environ. Res. 7 (2003) 389–403.
   Google Scholar