Effects of permanent magnetic field on calcium carbonate scaling of circulating water

References

• C. Gabrielli, R. Jaorihari, G. Maurin, M. Keddam, Magnetic water treatment for scale prevention, Water Res. 35 (2001) 3249–3259.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• A. Fathi, T. Mohamed, G. Claude, G. Maurin, B.A. Moham, Effect of a magnetic water treatment on homogeneous and heterogeneous precipitation of calcium carbonate, Water Res. 40 (2006) 1941–1950.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L.D. Tijing, D.H. Lee, D.W. Kim, Y.I. Cho, C.S. Kim, Effect of high-frequency electric fields on calcium carbonate scaling, Desalination 279 (2011) 47–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• X. Xiaokai, Research on the electromagnetic anti-fouling technology for heat transfer enhancement, Appl. Therm. Eng. 28 (2008) 889–894.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E.J.L. Toledo, T.C. Ramalho, Z.M. Magriotis, Influence of magnetic field on physical–chemical properties of the liquid water: Insights from experimental and theoretical models, J. Mol. Struct. 8 (2008) 409–415.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L. Holysz, M. Chibowski, E. Chibowski, Time-dependent changes of zeta potential and other parameters of in situ calcium carbonate due to magnetic field treatment, Colloids Surf. A. 208 (2002) 231–240.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Colic, D. Morse, Mechanism of the long-term effects of electromagnetic radiation on solutions and suspended colloids Langmuir 14 (1998) 783–787.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Colic, D. Morse, Effects of amplitude of the radiofrequency electromagnetic radiation on aqueous suspensions and solutions, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 200 (1998) 265–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Knez, C. Pohar, The magnetic field influence on the polymorph composition of CaCO3 precipitated from carbonized aqueous solutions, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 281 (2005) 377–388.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Alimi, M. Tlili, M.B. Anor, Influence of magnetic field on calcium carbonate precipitation, Desalination 206 (2007) 163–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M. Morimitsu, K. Shiomi, M. Matsunaga, Magnetic effects on alkylammonium chloride solutions investigated by interfacial tension measurements at the mercury/solution interface, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 229 (2000) 641–643.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• D. Beruto, M. Giordani, J. Chem, Calcite and aragonite formation from aqueous calcium hydrogencarbonate solutions: Effect of induced electromagnetic field on the activity of CaCO3 nuclei precursors, J. Chem. Soc. 14 (1993) 2457–2461.
   Google Scholar
• M.M. Tlili, M.B. Amor, C. Gabrielli, Characterization of CaCO3 hydrates by micro-Raman spectroscopy, J. Raman Spectrosc. 33 (2002) 10–l6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Chibowski, L. Hołysz, A. Szczes, M. Chibowski, Precipitation of calcium carbonate from magnetically treated sodium carbonate solution, Colloids Surf. A Physicochem. Eng. Asp. 225 (2003) 63–73.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J.M.D. Coey, S. Cass, Magnetic water treatment preventing scale, J. Magn. Mater. 209 (2000) 71–74.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Higashitani, K. Okuhava, S. Hatade, The magnetic field influence on the polymorph composition of CaCO3 precipitated from carbonized aqueous solutions, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 152 (1992) 125–131.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Higashitani, H. Iseri, K. Okuhara, A. Kage, S. Hatade, Magnetic effects on zeta potential and diffusivity of nonmagnetic colloidal particles, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 172 (1995) 383–388.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Chibowski, S. Gopalakrishnan, M.A. Busch, K.W. Busch, Residual variations in the zeta potential of TiO2 (Anatase) suspension as a result of exposure to radiofrequency electric fields, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 139 (1990) 43–54.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.W. Busch, S. Gopalakrishnan, M.A. Busch, E. Tombácz, Magnet of hydrodynamic aggregation of cholesterol and polystyrene latex suspensions, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 183 (1996) 528–538.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• E. Tombácz, C. Ma, K.W. Busch, M.A. Busch, Effect of a weak magnetic field on hematite sol in stationary and flowing systems, Colloid Polym. Sci. 269 (1991) 278–289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.E.L. Madsen, Influence of magnetic field on the precipitation of some inorganic salts, J. Cryst. Growth 152 (1995) 94–100.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Wang, J. Babchin, L.T. Chernyi, R.S. Chow, R.P. Swatzky, Rapid onset of calcium carbonate crystallization under the influence of a magnetic field, Water Res. 31 (1997) 346–350.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• L.L. Jiang, H.B. Zuo, J.L. Zhang, T.J. Yang, Z.L. Tan, Effect of magnetic treatment on circulating water, J. Iron. Steel Res. 21 (2009) 5–8.
   Google Scholar
• K.X. Zhou, G.W. Zhou, J.H. Song, The research of magnetic treatment delay CaSO4 scaling mechanism, Physics 5 (1998) 285–288.
   Google Scholar
• K. Higashitani, J. Oshitani, Measurements of magnetic effects on electrolyte solutions by atomic force microscope, Process Saf. Environ. Prot. 75 (1997) 115–119.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar