418
Views
34
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Articles

Nanocomposite membranes

&
Pages 26803-26819 | Received 23 Jul 2015, Accepted 09 Nov 2015, Published online: 09 Dec 2015

References

  • P.C. Wankat, Separation Process Engineering, second ed., Pearson Education, Delhi, 2006.
  • D. Rana, T. Matsuura, Surface modifications for antifouling membranes, Chem. Rev. 110(4) (2010) 2448–2471.10.1021/cr800208y
  • W. Guo, H. Ngo, J. Li, A mini-review on membrane fouling, Bioresour. Technol. 122 (2012) 27–34.10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.089
  • C. Wu, A. Li, L. Li, L. Zhang, H. Wang, X. Qi, Q. Zhang, Treatment of oily water by a poly(vinyl alcohol) ultrafiltration membrane, Desalination 225(1–3) (2008) 312–321.10.1016/j.desal.2007.07.012
  • S.S. Madaeni, N. Ghaemi, Characterization of self-cleaning RO membranes coated with TiO2 particles under UV irradiation, J. Membr. Sci. 303 (2007) 221–233.10.1016/j.memsci.2007.07.017
  • Y. Wang, J.H. Kim, K.H. Choo, Y.S. Lee, C.H. Lee, Hydrophilic modification of polypropylene microfiltration membranes by ozone-induced graft polymerization, J. Membr. Sci. 169(2) (2000) 269–276.10.1016/S0376-7388(99)00345-2
  • C. Qiu, F. Xu, Q.T. Nguyen, Z. Ping, Nanofiltration membrane prepared from cardo polyetherketone ultrafiltration membrane by UV-induced grafting method, J. Membr. Sci. 255(1–2) (2005) 107–115.10.1016/j.memsci.2005.01.027
  • H.Y. Yu, Y.J. Xie, M.X. Hu, J.L. Wang, S.Y. Wang, Z.K. Xu, Surface modification of polypropylene microporous membrane to improve its antifouling property in MBR: CO2 plasma treatment, J. Membr. Sci. 254(1–2) (2005) 219–227.10.1016/j.memsci.2005.01.010
  • H.Y. Yu, M.X. Hu, Z.K. Xu, J.L. Wang, S.Y. Wang, Surface modification of polypropylene microporous membranes to improve their antifouling property in MBR: NH3 plasma treatment, Sep. Purif. Technol. 45(1) (2005) 8–15.10.1016/j.seppur.2005.01.012
  • X. Ma, Y. Su, Q. Sun, Y. Wang, Z. Jiang, Enhancing the antifouling property of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes through surface adsorption-crosslinking of poly(vinyl alcohol), J. Membr. Sci. 300(1–2) (2007) 71–78.10.1016/j.memsci.2007.05.008
  • H. Yu, Y. Cao, G. Kang, J. Liu, M. Li, Q. Yuan, Enhancing antifouling property of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane by grafting zwitterionic copolymer via UV-initiated polymerization, J. Membr. Sci. 342(1–2) (2009) 6–13.10.1016/j.memsci.2009.05.041
  • Z. Yi, L.P. Zhu, Y.Y. Xu, X.N. Gong, B.K. Zhu, Surface zwitterionicalization of poly(vinylidene fluoride) porous membranes by post-reaction of the amphiphilic precursor, J. Membr. Sci. 385–386 (2011) 57–66.10.1016/j.memsci.2011.09.026
  • Y.F. Zhao, L.P. Zhu, Z. Yi, B.K. Zhu, Y.Y. Xu, Improving the hydrophilicity and fouling-resistance of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes via surface zwitterionicalization mediated by polysulfone-based triblock copolymer additive, J. Membr. Sci. 440 (2013) 40–47.10.1016/j.memsci.2013.03.064
  • S. Pourjafar, A. Rahimpour, M. Jahanshahi, Synthesis and characterization of PVA/PES thin film composite nanofiltration membrane modified with TiO2 nanoparticles for better performance and surface properties, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 18(4) (2012) 1398–1405.10.1016/j.jiec.2012.01.041
  • A.G. Boricha, Z.V.P. Murthy, Preparation and performance of N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan-polyether sulfone composite nanofiltration membrane in the separation of nickel ions from aqueous solutions, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 110(6) (2008) 3596–3605.10.1002/app.v110:6
  • A.G. Boricha, Z.V.P. Murthy, Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene/chitosan blend membranes: Preparation, characterization and performance for the separation of heavy metals, J. Membr. Sci. 339(1–2) (2009) 239–249.10.1016/j.memsci.2009.04.057
  • L.B. Chaudhari, Z.V.P. Murthy, Post-treatment of biologically treated wastewater of agrochemical industry by sulfated chitosan composite nanofiltration membrane, Water Sci. Technol. 64(4) (2011) 796–802.10.2166/wst.2011.596
  • L.B. Chaudhari, Z.V.P. Murthy, Preparation, characterization, and performance of sulfated chitosan/polyacrylonitrile composite nanofiltration membranes, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. 34(3) (2013) 389–399.10.1080/01932691.2012.662432
  • Q. Sun, Y. Su, X. Ma, Y. Wang, Z. Jiang, Improved antifouling property of zwitterionic ultrafiltration membrane composed of acrylonitrile and sulfobetaine copolymer, J. Membr. Sci. 285(1–2) (2006) 299–305.10.1016/j.memsci.2006.08.035
  • L. Wang, Y.L. Su, L. Zheng, W. Chen, Z. Jiang, Highly efficient antifouling ultrafiltration membranes incorporating zwitterionic poly([3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]-dimethyl(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide), J. Membr. Sci. 340(1–2) (2009) 164–170.10.1016/j.memsci.2009.05.027
  • X. Zhao, W. Chen, Y. Su, W. Zhu, J. Peng, Z. Jiang, L. Kong, Y. Li, J. Liu, Hierarchically engineered membrane surfaces with superior antifouling and self-cleaning properties, J. Membr. Sci. 441 (2013) 93–101.10.1016/j.memsci.2013.04.012
  • X. Fan, Y. Su, X. Zhao, Y. Li, R. Zhang, J. Zhao, Z. Jiang, J. Zhu, Y. Ma, Y. Liu, Fabrication of polyvinyl chloride ultrafiltration membranes with stable antifouling property by exploring the pore formation and surface modification capabilities of polyvinyl formal, J. Membr. Sci. 464 (2014) 100–109.10.1016/j.memsci.2014.04.005
  • A.G. Boricha, Z.V.P. Murthy, Preparation of N, O-carboxymethyl chitosan/cellulose acetate blend nanofiltration membrane and testing its performance in treating industrial wastewater, Chem. Eng. J. 157(2–3) (2010) 393–400.10.1016/j.cej.2009.11.025
  • Y. Zhang, H. Li, H. Li, R. Li, C. Xiao, Preparation and characterization of modified polyvinyl alcohol ultrafiltration membranes, Desalination 192(1–3) (2006) 214–223.10.1016/j.desal.2005.07.037
  • Q. Shi, Y. Su, W. Zhao, C. Li, Y. Hu, Z. Jiang, S. Zhu, Zwitterionic polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane with superior antifouling property, J. Membr. Sci. 319(1–2) (2008) 271–278.10.1016/j.memsci.2008.03.047
  • Q. Zhang, S. Zhang, L. Dai, X. Chen, Novel zwitterionic poly (arylene ether sulfone)s as antifouling membrane material, J. Membr. Sci. 349(1) (2010) 217–224.
  • M.L. Luo, W. Tang, J.Q. Zhao, C.S. Pu, Hydrophilic modification of poly (ether sulfone) used TiO2 nanoparticles by a sol–gel process, J. Mater. Process. Technol. 172(3) (2006) 431–436.10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2005.11.004
  • Y. Yang, P. Wang, Preparation and characterizations of new PS/TiO2 hybrid membranes by sol–gel process, Polymer 47(8) (2006) 2683–2688.10.1016/j.polymer.2006.01.019
  • L.Y. Yu, Z.L. Xu, H.M. Shen, H. Yang, Preparation and characterization of PVDF–SiO2 composite hollow fiber UF membrane by sol–gel method, J. Membr. Sci. 337(1–2) (2009) 257–265.10.1016/j.memsci.2009.03.054
  • H. Yuan, J. Ren, L. Cheng, L. Shen, Preparation and characterization of a poly (vinyl alcohol)/tetraethoxysilane ultrafiltration membrane by a sol–gel method, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130(6) (2013) 4066–4074.
  • A.A. Mungray, Z.V.P. Murthy, Comparative performance study of four nanofiltration membranes in the separation of mercury and chromium, Ionics 18(8) (2012) 811–816.10.1007/s11581-012-0743-7
  • Z.V.P. Murthy, M.S. Gaikwad, Preparation of chitosan-multiwalled carbon nanotubes blended membranes: Characterization and performance in the separation of sodium and magnesium ions, Nanoscale Microscale Thermophys. Eng. 17(3) (2013) 245–262.10.1080/15567265.2013.787571
  • S.S. Shenvi, A.M. Isloor, A.F. Ismail, A review on RO membrane technology: Developments and challenges, Desalination 368 (2015) 10–26.10.1016/j.desal.2014.12.042
  • N.M. Wara, L.F. Francis, B.V. Velamakanni, Addition of alumina to cellulose acetate membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 104(1–2) (1995) 43–49.10.1016/0376-7388(95)00010-A
  • I. Genné, S. Kuypers, R. Leysen, Effect of the addition of ZrO2 to polysulfone based UF membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 113(2) (1996) 343–350.10.1016/0376-7388(95)00132-8
  • G. Arthanareeswaran, T.K.S. Devi, M. Raajenthiren, Effect of silica particles on cellulose acetate blend ultrafiltration membranes: Part I, Sep. Purif. Technol. 64(1) (2008) 38–47.10.1016/j.seppur.2008.08.010
  • G. Arthanareeswaran, P. Thanikaivelan, Fabrication of cellulose acetate–zirconia hybrid membranes for ultrafiltration applications: Performance, structure and fouling analysis, Sep. Purif. Technol. 74(2) (2010) 230–235.10.1016/j.seppur.2010.06.010
  • C. Dong, G. He, H. Li, R. Zhao, Y. Han, Y. Deng, Antifouling enhancement of poly (vinylidene fluoride) microfiltration membrane by adding Mg(OH)2 nanoparticles, J. Membr. Sci. 387–388 (2012) 40–47.10.1016/j.memsci.2011.10.007
  • A.K. Nair, A.M. Isloor, R. Kumar, A.F. Ismail, Antifouling and performance enhancement of polysulfone ultrafiltration membranes using CaCO3 nanoparticles, Desalination 322 (2013) 69–75.10.1016/j.desal.2013.04.031
  • R.J. Gohari, E. Halakoo, W.J. Lau, M.A. Kassim, T. Matsuura, A.F. Ismail, Novel polyethersulfone (PES)/hydrous manganese dioxide (HMO) mixed matrix membranes with improved anti-fouling properties for oily wastewater treatment process, RSC Adv. 4(34) (2014) 17587–17596.10.1039/c4ra00032c
  • M. Miyauchi, A. Nakajima, T. Watanabe, K. Hashimoto, Photocatalysis and photoinduced hydrophilicity of various metal oxide thin films, Chem. Mater. 14(6) (2002) 2812–2816.10.1021/cm020076p
  • J. Kim, B. Van der Bruggen, The use of nanoparticles in polymeric and ceramic membrane structures: Review of manufacturing procedures and performance improvement for water treatment, Environ. Pollut. 158(7) (2010) 2335–2349.10.1016/j.envpol.2010.03.024
  • L.Y. Ng, A.W. Mohammad, C.P. Leo, N. Hilal, Polymeric membranes incorporated with metal/metal oxide nanoparticles: A comprehensive review, Desalination 308 (2013) 15–33.10.1016/j.desal.2010.11.033
  • A. Rahimpour, S.S. Madaeni, A.H. Taheri, Y. Mansourpanah, Coupling TiO2 nanoparticles with UV irradiation for modification of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 313(1–2) (2008) 158–169.10.1016/j.memsci.2007.12.075
  • S.H. Kim, S.Y. Kwak, B.H. Sohn, T.H. Park, Design of TiO2 nanoparticle self-assembled aromatic polyamide thin-film-composite (TFC) membrane as an approach to solve biofouling problem, J. Membr. Sci. 211(1) (2003) 157–165.10.1016/S0376-7388(02)00418-0
  • T.H. Bae, T.M. Tak, Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on fouling mitigation of ultrafiltration membranes for activated sludge filtration, J. Membr. Sci. 249(1) (2005) 1–8.
  • T.H. Bae, T.M. Tak, Preparation of TiO2 self-assembled polymeric nanocomposite membranes and examination of their fouling mitigation effects in a membrane bioreactor system, J. Membr. Sci. 266(1) (2005) 1–5.
  • T.H. Bae, I.C. Kim, T.M. Tak, Preparation and characterization of fouling-resistant TiO2 self-assembled nanocomposite membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 275(1–2) (2006) 1–5.10.1016/j.memsci.2006.01.023
  • H.S. Lee, S.J. Im, J.H. Kim, H.J. Kim, J.P. Kim, B.R. Min, Polyamide thin-film nanofiltration membranes containing TiO2 nanoparticles, Desalination 219(1–3) (2008) 48–56.10.1016/j.desal.2007.06.003
  • X. Cao, J. Ma, X. Shi, Z. Ren, Effect of TiO2 nanoparticle size on the performance of PVDF membrane, Appl. Surf. Sci. 253(4) (2006) 2003–2010.10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.03.090
  • R.A. Damodar, S.J. You, H.H. Chou, Study the self cleaning, antibacterial and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 entrapped PVDF membranes, J. Hazard. Mater. 172(2–3) (2009) 1321–1328.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.139
  • M.L. Luo, J.Q. Zhao, W. Tang, C.S. Pu, Hydrophilic modification of poly (ether sulfone) ultrafiltration membrane surface by self-assembly of TiO2 nanoparticles, Appl. Surf. Sci. 249(1–4) (2005) 76–84.10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.11.054
  • X. Li, X. Fang, R. Pang, J. Li, X. Sun, J. Shen, W. Han, L. Wang, Self-assembly of TiO2 nanoparticles around the pores of PES ultrafiltration membrane for mitigating organic fouling, J. Membr. Sci. 467 (2014) 226–235.
  • J.H. Li, Y.Y. Xu, L.P. Zhu, J.H. Wang, C.H. Du, Fabrication and characterization of a novel TiO2 nanoparticle self-assembly membrane with improved fouling resistance, J. Membr. Sci. 326(2) (2009) 659–666.10.1016/j.memsci.2008.10.049
  • Y. Yang, H. Zhang, P. Wang, Q. Zheng, J. Li, The influence of nano-sized TiO2 fillers on the morphologies and properties of PSF UF membrane, J. Membr. Sci. 288(1–2) (2007) 231–238.10.1016/j.memsci.2006.11.019
  • G. Wu, S. Gan, L. Cui, Y. Xu, Preparation and characterization of PES/TiO2 composite membranes, Appl. Surf. Sci. 254(21) (2008) 7080–7086.10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.05.221
  • J.F. Li, Z.L. Xu, H. Yang, L.Y. Yu, M. Liu, Effect of TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface morphology and performance of microporous PES membrane, Appl. Surf. Sci. 255(9) (2009) 4725–4732.10.1016/j.apsusc.2008.07.139
  • V. Vatanpour, S.S. Madaeni, A.R. Khataee, E. Salehi, S. Zinadini, H.A. Monfared, TiO2 embedded mixed matrix PES nanocomposite membranes: Influence of different sizes and types of nanoparticles on antifouling and performance, Desalination 292 (2012) 19–29.10.1016/j.desal.2012.02.006
  • H. Rabiee, H. Farahani, V. Vatanpour, Preparation and characterization of emulsion poly(vinyl chloride) (EPVC)/TiO2 nanocomposite ultrafiltration membrane, J. Membr. Sci. 472 (2014) 185–193.10.1016/j.memsci.2014.08.051
  • A. Rahimpour, M. Jahanshahi, B. Rajaeian, M. Rahimnejad, TiO2 entrapped nano-composite PVDF/SPES membranes: Preparation, characterization, antifouling and antibacterial properties, Desalination 278(1–3) (2011) 343–353.10.1016/j.desal.2011.05.049
  • R. Kumar, A.M. Isloor, A.F. Ismail, S.A. Rashid, A.A. Ahmed, Permeation, antifouling and desalination performance of TiO2 nanotube incorporated PSf/CS blend membranes, Desalination 316 (2013) 76–84.10.1016/j.desal.2013.01.032
  • H. Abdallah, A.F. Moustafa, A.A. AlAnezi, H.E.M. El-Sayed, Performance of a newly developed titanium oxide nanotubes/polyethersulfone blend membrane for water desalination using vacuum membrane distillation, Desalination 346 (2014) 30–36.10.1016/j.desal.2014.05.003
  • J.P. Méricq, J. Mendret, S. Brosillon, C. Faur, High performance PVDF-TiO2 membranes for water treatment, Chem. Eng. Sci. 123 (2015) 283–291.10.1016/j.ces.2014.10.047
  • M. Shaban, H. AbdAllah, L. Said, H.S. Hamdy, A.A. Khalek, Titanium dioxide nanotubes embedded mixed matrix PES membranes characterization and membrane performance, Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 95 (2015) 307–316.10.1016/j.cherd.2014.11.008
  • J.N. Shen, H.M. Ruan, L.G. Wu, C.J. Gao, Preparation and characterization of PES–SiO2 organic–inorganic composite ultrafiltration membrane for raw water pretreatment, Chem. Eng. J. 168(3) (2011) 1272–1278.10.1016/j.cej.2011.02.039
  • S. Yu, X. Zuo, R. Bao, X. Xu, J. Wang, J. Xu, Effect of SiO2 nanoparticle addition on the characteristics of a new organic–inorganic hybrid membrane, Polymer 50(2) (2009) 553–559.10.1016/j.polymer.2008.11.012
  • G.L. Jadav, P.S. Singh, Synthesis of novel silica-polyamide nanocomposite membrane with enhanced properties, J. Membr. Sci. 328(1–2) (2009) 257–267.10.1016/j.memsci.2008.12.014
  • A.L. Ahmad, M.A. Majid, B.S. Ooi, Functionalized PSf/SiO2 nanocomposite membrane for oil-in-water emulsion separation, Desalination 268(1–3) (2011) 266–269.10.1016/j.desal.2010.10.017
  • Z. Yu, X. Liu, F. Zhao, X. Liang, Y. Tian, Fabrication of a low-cost nano-SiO2/PVC composite ultrafiltration membrane and its antifouling performance, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 132(2) (2015) Article 41267, doi: 10.1002/APP.41267.
  • L.Y. Ng, C.P. Leo, A.W. Mohammad, Optimizing the incorporation of silica nanoparticles in polysulfone/poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes with response surface methodology, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 121(3) (2011) 1804–1814.10.1002/app.33628
  • H.P. Xu, Y.H. Yu, W.Z. Lang, X. Yan, Y.J. Guo, Hydrophilic modification of polyvinyl chloride hollow fiber membranes by silica with a weak in situ sol–gel method, RSC Adv. 5(18) (2015) 13733–13742.10.1039/C4RA15687K
  • L. Shen, X. Bian, X. Lu, L. Shi, Z. Liu, L. Chen, Z. Hou, K. Fan, Preparation and characterization of ZnO/polyethersulfone (PES) hybrid membranes, Desalination 293 (2012) 21–29.10.1016/j.desal.2012.02.019
  • S. Balta, A. Sotto, P. Luis, L. Benea, B. Van der Bruggen, J. Kim, A new outlook on membrane enhancement with nanoparticles: The alternative of ZnO, J. Membr. Sci. 389 (2012) 155–161.10.1016/j.memsci.2011.10.025
  • S. Liang, K. Xiao, Y. Mo, X. Huang, A novel ZnO nanoparticle blended polyvinylidene fluoride membrane for anti-irreversible fouling, J. Membr. Sci. 394–395 (2012) 184–192.10.1016/j.memsci.2011.12.040
  • J. Hong, Y. He, Effects of nano-sized zinc oxide on the performance of PVDF microfiltration membranes, Desalination 302 (2012) 71–79.10.1016/j.desal.2012.07.001
  • C.P. Leo, W.P.C. Lee, A.L. Ahmad, A.W. Mohammad, Polysulfone membranes blended with ZnO nanoparticles for reducing fouling by oleic acid, Sep. Purif. Technol. 89 (2012) 51–56.10.1016/j.seppur.2012.01.002
  • X. Zhang, Y. Wang, Y. Liu, J. Xu, Y. Han, X. Xu, Preparation, performances of PVDF/ZnO hybrid membranes and their applications in the removal of copper ions, Appl. Surf. Sci. 316 (2014) 333–340.10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.08.004
  • S. Zhao, W. Yan, M. Shi, Z. Wang, J. Wang, S. Wang, Improving permeability and antifouling performance of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membrane by incorporation of ZnO-DMF dispersion containing nano-ZnO and polyvinylpyrrolidone, J. Membr. Sci. 478 (2015) 105–116.10.1016/j.memsci.2014.12.050
  • L. Yan, Y.S. Li, C.B. Xiang, Preparation of poly (vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane modified by nano-sized alumina (Al2O3) and its antifouling research, Polymer 46(18) (2005) 7701–7706.10.1016/j.polymer.2005.05.155
  • L. Yan, S. Hong, M.L. Li, Y.S. Li, Application of the Al2O3–PVDF nanocomposite tubular ultrafiltration (UF) membrane for oily wastewater treatment and its antifouling research, Sep. Purif. Technol. 66(2) (2009) 347–352.10.1016/j.seppur.2008.12.015
  • F. Liu, M.R. Abed, K. Li, Preparation and characterization of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) based ultrafiltration membranes using nano γ-Al2O3, J. Membr. Sci. 366(1–2) (2011) 97–103.10.1016/j.memsci.2010.09.044
  • W.L. Chou, D.G. Yu, M.C. Yang, The preparation and characterization of silver-loading cellulose acetate hollow fiber membrane for water treatment, Polym. Adv. Technol. 16(8) (2005) 600–607.10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1581
  • S.Y. Lee, H.J. Kim, R. Patel, S.J. Im, J.H. Kim, B.R. Min, Silver nanoparticles immobilized on thin film composite polyamide membrane: Characterization, nanofiltration, antifouling properties, Polym. Adv. Technol. 18(7) (2007) 562–568.10.1002/(ISSN)1099-1581
  • J.H. Li, X.S. Shao, Q. Zhou, M.Z. Li, Q.Q. Zhang, The double effects of silver nanoparticles on the PVDF membrane: Surface hydrophilicity and antifouling performance, Appl. Surf. Sci. 265 (2013) 663–670.10.1016/j.apsusc.2012.11.072
  • J. Pan, H. Zhang, W. Chen, M. Pan, Nafion–zirconia nanocomposite membranes formed via in situ sol–gel process, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 35(7) (2010) 2796–2801.10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.05.110
  • R. Pang, X. Li, J. Li, Z. Lu, X. Sun, L. Wang, Preparation and characterization of ZrO2/PES hybrid ultrafiltration membrane with uniform ZrO2 nanoparticles, Desalination 332(1) (2014) 60–66.10.1016/j.desal.2013.10.024
  • M. Homayoonfal, M.R. Mehrnia, M. Shariaty-Niassar, A. Akbari, A.F. Ismail, T. Matsuura, A comparison between blending and surface deposition methods for the preparation of iron oxide/polysulfone nanocomposite membranes, Desalination 354 (2014) 125–142.10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.031
  • A. Gholami, A.R. Moghadassi, S.M. Hosseini, S. Shabani, F. Gholami, Preparation and characterization of polyvinyl chloride based nanocomposite nanofiltration-membrane modified by iron oxide nanoparticles for lead removal from water, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 20(4) (2014) 1517–1522.10.1016/j.jiec.2013.07.041
  • N. Ghaemi, S.S. Madaeni, P. Daraei, H. Rajabi, S. Zinadini, A. Alizadeh, R. Heydari, M. Beygzadeh, S. Ghouzivand, Polyethersulfone membrane enhanced with iron oxide nanoparticles for copper removal from water: Application of new functionalized Fe3O4 nanoparticles, Chem. Eng. J. 263 (2015) 101–112.10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.103
  • B. Bhushan  (Ed.), Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology, third ed., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2010.10.1007/978-3-642-02525-9
  • W.S. Hummers Jr., R.E. Offeman, Preparation of graphitic oxide, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 80(6) (1958) 1339–1339.10.1021/ja01539a017
  • D.C. Marcano, D.V. Kosynkin, J.M. Berlin, A. Sinitskii, Z. Sun, A. Slesarev, J.M. Tour, Improved synthesis of graphene oxide, ACS Nano 4(8) (2010) 4806–4814.10.1021/nn1006368
  • P.S. Goh, A.F. Ismail, Graphene-based nanomaterial: The state-of-the-art material for cutting edge desalination technology, Desalination 356 (2015) 115–128.10.1016/j.desal.2014.10.001
  • K.A. Mahmoud, B. Mansoor, A. Mansour, M. Khraisheh, Functional graphene nanosheets: The next generation membranes for water desalination, Desalination 356 (2015) 208–225.10.1016/j.desal.2014.10.022
  • J.H. Choi, J. Jegal, W.N. Kim, Fabrication and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polymer blend membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 284(1–2) (2006) 406–415.10.1016/j.memsci.2006.08.013
  • S. Qiu, L. Wu, X. Pan, L. Zhang, H. Chen, C. Gao, Preparation and properties of functionalized carbon nanotube/PSF blend ultrafiltration membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 342(1–2) (2009) 165–172.10.1016/j.memsci.2009.06.041
  • H. Wu, B. Tang, P. Wu, Novel ultrafiltration membranes prepared from a multi-walled carbon nanotubes/polymer composite, J. Membr. Sci. 362(1–2) (2010) 374–383.10.1016/j.memsci.2010.06.064
  • S. Roy, S.A. Ntim, S. Mitra, K.K. Sirkar, Facile fabrication of superior nanofiltration membranes from interfacially polymerized CNT-polymer composites, J. Membr. Sci. 375(1–2) (2011) 81–87.10.1016/j.memsci.2011.03.012
  • V. Vatanpour, S.S. Madaeni, R. Moradian, S. Zinadini, B. Astinchap, Fabrication and characterization of novel antifouling nanofiltration membrane prepared from oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotube/polyethersulfone nanocomposite, J. Membr. Sci. 375(1–2) (2011) 284–294.10.1016/j.memsci.2011.03.055
  • S. Majeed, D. Fierro, K. Buhr, J. Wind, B. Du, A. Boschetti-de-Fierro, V. Abetz, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) mixed polyacrylonitrile (PAN) ultrafiltration membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 403–404 (2012) 101–109.10.1016/j.memsci.2012.02.029
  • Z. Wang, H. Yu, J. Xia, F. Zhang, F. Li, Y. Xia, Y. Li, Novel GO-blended PVDF ultrafiltration membranes, Desalination 299 (2012) 50–54.10.1016/j.desal.2012.05.015
  • X. Chang, Z. Wang, S. Quan, Y. Xu, Z. Jiang, L. Shao, Exploring the synergetic effects of graphene oxide (GO) and polyvinylpyrrodione (PVP) on poly(vinylylidenefluoride) (PVDF) ultrafiltration membrane performance, Appl. Surf. Sci. 316 (2014) 537–548.10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.07.202
  • B.M. Ganesh, A.M. Isloor, A.F. Ismail, Enhanced hydrophilicity and salt rejection study of graphene oxide-polysulfone mixed matrix membrane, Desalination 313 (2013) 199–207.10.1016/j.desal.2012.11.037
  • J. Lee, H.R. Chae, Y.J. Won, K. Lee, C.H. Lee, H.H. Lee, J.M. Lee, Graphene oxide nanoplatelets composite membrane with hydrophilic and antifouling properties for wastewater treatment, J. Membr. Sci. 448 (2013) 223–230.10.1016/j.memsci.2013.08.017
  • M. Ionita, A.M. Pandele, L. Crica, L. Pilan, Improving the thermal and mechanical properties of polysulfone by incorporation of graphene oxide, Composites Part B: Eng. 59 (2014) 133–139.10.1016/j.compositesb.2013.11.018
  • J. Zhang, Z. Xu, M. Shan, B. Zhou, Y. Li, B. Li, X. Qian, Synergetic effects of oxidized carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide on fouling control and anti-fouling mechanism of polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 448 (2013) 81–92.10.1016/j.memsci.2013.07.064
  • Y. Zhao, Z. Xu, M. Shan, C. Min, B. Zhou, Y. Li, X. Qian, Effect of graphite oxide and multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the microstructure and performance of PVDF membranes, Sep. Purif. Technol. 103 (2013) 78–83.10.1016/j.seppur.2012.10.012
  • S. Zinadini, A.A. Zinatizadeh, M. Rahimi, V. Vatanpour, H. Zangeneh, Preparation of a novel antifouling mixed matrix PES membrane by embedding graphene oxide nanoplates, J. Membr. Sci. 453 (2014) 292–301.10.1016/j.memsci.2013.10.070
  • Z. Xu, J. Zhang, M. Shan, Y. Li, B. Li, J. Niu, X. Qian, Organosilane-functionalized graphene oxide for enhanced antifouling and mechanical properties of polyvinylidene fluoride ultrafiltration membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 458 (2014) 1–13.
  • S. Xia, M. Ni, Preparation of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes with graphene oxide addition for natural organic matter removal, J. Membr. Sci. 473 (2015) 54–62.10.1016/j.memsci.2014.09.018
  • T. Wu, B. Zhou, T. Zhu, J. Shi, Z. Xu, C. Hu, J. Wang, Facile and low-cost approach towards a PVDF ultrafiltration membrane with enhanced hydrophilicity and antifouling performance via graphene oxide/water-bath coagulation, RSC Adv. 5(11) (2015) 7880–7889.10.1039/C4RA13476A
  • M. Son, H. Choi, L. Liu, E. Celik, H. Park, H. Choi, Efficacy of carbon nanotube positioning in the polyethersulfone support layer on the performance of thin-film composite membrane for desalination, Chem. Eng. J. 266 (2015) 376–384.10.1016/j.cej.2014.12.108
  • V. Kochkodan, N. Hilal, A comprehensive review on surface modified polymer membranes for biofouling mitigation, Desalination 356 (2015) 187–207.10.1016/j.desal.2014.09.015
  • Y. Zhang, L. Shan, Z. Tu, Y. Zhang, Preparation and characterization of novel Ce-doped nonstoichiometric nanosilica/polysulfone composite membranes, Sep. Purif. Technol. 63(1) (2008) 207–212.10.1016/j.seppur.2008.05.015
  • Y. Zhang, P. Cui, T. Du, L. Shan, Y. Wang, Development of a sulfated Y-doped nonstoichiometric zirconia/polysulfone composite membrane for treatment of wastewater containing oil, Sep. Purif. Technol. 70 (2009) 153–159.10.1016/j.seppur.2009.09.010
  • Y. Zhang, X. Shan, Z. Jin, Y. Wang, Synthesis of sulfated Y-doped zirconia particles and effect on properties of polysulfone membranes for treatment of wastewater containing oil, J. Hazard. Mater. 192(2) (2011) 559–567.10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.05.058
  • J. Huang, G. Arthanareeswaran, K. Zhang, Effect of silver loaded sodium zirconium phosphate (nanoAgZ) nanoparticles incorporation on PES membrane performance, Desalination 285 (2012) 100–107.10.1016/j.desal.2011.09.040
  • J. Mo, S.H. Son, J. Jegal, J. Kim, Y.H. Lee, Preparation and characterization of polyamide nanofiltration composite membranes with TiO2 layers chemically connected to the membrane surface, J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 105(3) (2007) 1267–1274.10.1002/(ISSN)1097-4628
  • P. Gao, Z. Liu, M. Tai, D.D. Sun, W. Ng, Multifunctional graphene oxide–TiO2 microsphere hierarchical membrane for clean water production, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 138–139 (2013) 17–25.10.1016/j.apcatb.2013.01.014
  • Y. Gao, M. Hu, B. Mi, Membrane surface modification with TiO2–graphene oxide for enhanced photocatalytic performance, J. Membr. Sci. 455 (2014) 349–356.10.1016/j.memsci.2014.01.011
  • L. Kou, C. Gao, Making silicananoparticle-covered graphene oxide nanohybrids as general building blocks for large-area superhydrophilic coatings, Nanoscale 3(2) (2011) 519–528.10.1039/C0NR00609B
  • H. Wu, B. Tang, P. Wu, Development of novel SiO2–GO nanohybrid/polysulfone membrane with enhanced performance, J. Membr. Sci. 451 (2014) 94–102.10.1016/j.memsci.2013.09.018
  • M. Safarpour, A. Khataee, V. Vatanpour, Effect of reduced graphene oxide/TiO2 nanocomposite with different molar ratios on the performance of PVDF ultrafiltration membranes, Sep. Purif. Technol. 140 (2015) 32–42.10.1016/j.seppur.2014.11.010
  • R. Goei, T. Lim, Ag-decorated TiO2 photocatalytic membrane with hierarchical architecture: Photocatalytic and anti-bacterial activities, Water Res. 59 (2014) 207–218.10.1016/j.watres.2014.04.025
  • H. Yu, Y. Zhang, J. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Liu, Preparation and antibacterial property of SiO2–Ag/PES hybrid ultrafiltration membranes, Desalin. Water Treat. 51 (2013) 3584–3590.10.1080/19443994.2012.752900
  • J. Huang, H. Wang, K. Zhang, Modification of PES membrane with Ag–SiO2: Reduction of biofouling and improvement of filtration performance, Desalination 336 (2014) 8–17.10.1016/j.desal.2013.12.032
  • D. Johnson, N. Hilal, Characterisation and quantification of membrane surface properties using atomic force microscopy: A comprehensive review, Desalination 356 (2015) 149–164.10.1016/j.desal.2014.08.019
  • J. Zhu, Y. Su, X. Zhao, Y. Li, J. Zhao, X. Fan, Z. Jiang, Improved antifouling properties of poly(vinyl chloride) ultrafiltration membranes via surface zwitterionicalization, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53(36) (2014) 14046–14055.10.1021/ie5022877
  • M. Mulder, Basic Principles of Membrane Technology, second ed., Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 1996.10.1007/978-94-009-1766-8
  • E.M.V. Hoek, V.V. Tarabara, (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Membrane Science and Technology, Wiley, Somerset, NJ, 2013.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.