Economic evaluation of the reverse osmosis and pressure retarded osmosis hybrid desalination process

References

• Available from: <http://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2014/01/16/will-water-constrain-our-energy-future>.
   Google Scholar
• 2014 UN-Water Annual International Zaragoza Conference, Preparing for World Water Day 2014: Partnerships for Improving Water and Energy Access, Efficiency and Sustainability, UN-Water Decade Programme on Advocacy and Communication (UNW-DPAC).
   Google Scholar
• A. Altaee, A. Sharif, G. Zaragoza, A.F. Ismail, Evaluation of FO-RO and PRO-RO designs for power generation and seawater desalination using impaired water feeds, Desalination 368 (2015) 27–35.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• J. Kim, M. Park, S.A. Snyder, J.H. Kim, Reverse osmosis (RO) and pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) hybrid processes: Model-based scenario study, Desalination 322 (2013) 121–130.10.1016/j.desal.2013.05.010
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K. Karakulski, M. Gryta, A. Morawski, Membrane processes used for potable water quality improvement, Desalination 145 (2002) 315–319.10.1016/S0011-9164(02)00429-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Rautenbach, T. Linn, D.M.K. Al-Gobaisi, Present and future pretreatment concepts—Strategies for reliable and low-maintenance reverse osmosis seawater desalination, Desalination 110 (1997) 97–106.10.1016/S0011-9164(97)00089-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• P. Sukitpaneenit, T.-S. Chung, High performance thin-film composite forward osmosis hollow fiber membranes with macrovoid-free and highly porous structure for sustainable water production, Environ. Sci. Technol. 46 (2012) 7358–7365.10.1021/es301559z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R. Dashtpour, S.N. Al-Zubaidy, Energy efficient reverse osmosis desalination process, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Dev. 3(4) (2012).
   Google Scholar
• J.R. McCutcheon, R.L. McGinnis, M. Elimelech, Desalination by ammonia–carbon dioxide forward osmosis: Influence of draw and feed solution concentrations on process performance, J. Membr. Sci. 278 (2006) 114–123.10.1016/j.memsci.2005.10.048
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• H.K. Shon, S. Phuntsho, T.C. Zhang, R.Y. Surampalli, Forward Osmosis: Fundamental and Applications, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, 2015.
   Google Scholar
• L.D. Banchik, M.H. Sharqawy, J.H. Lienhard V, Limits of power production due to finite membrane area in pressure retarded osmosis, J. Membr. Sci. 468 (2014) 81–89.10.1016/j.memsci.2014.05.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.A. Darwish, M. Abdel Jawad, G.S. Aly, A technical and economical comparison between large capacity multi stage flash and reverse osmosis desalting plants, Desalination 72 (1989) 367–379.10.1016/0011-9164(89)80018-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y. Dreyzin, Ashkelon seawater desalination project-off-taker’s self costs, supplied water costs and benefits, Desalination 190 (2006) 104–116.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• C. Sommariva, Desalination Management and Economics, Mott Mac Donald, Faversham House Group, Surrey, 2004.
   Google Scholar
• A. Malek, M.N.A. Hawlader, J.C. Ho, Design and economics of RO seawater desalination, Desalination 105 (1996) 245–261.10.1016/0011-9164(96)00081-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• M.G. Marcovecchio, P.A. Aguirre, N.J. Scenna, Global optimal design of reverse osmosis networks for seawater desalination: Modeling and algorithm, Desalination 184(1–3) (2005) 259–271.10.1016/j.desal.2005.03.056
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• F. Marechal, E. Aoustin, P. Bréant, Multi-objective optimization of RO desalination plants, Desalination 222 (2008) 96–118.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Lee, R.M. Lueptow, Membrane rejection of nitrogen compounds, Environ. Sci. Technol. 35 (2001) 3008–3018.10.1021/es0018724
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Y.Y. Lu, Y.D. Hu, X.L. Zhang, L.Y. Wu, Q.Z. Liu, Optimum design of reverse osmosis system under different feed concentration and product specification, J. Membr. Sci. 287 (2007) 219–229.10.1016/j.memsci.2006.10.037
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• S. Loeb, L. Titelman, E. Korngold, J. Freiman, Effect of porous support fabric on osmosis through a Loeb-Sourirajan type asymmetric membrane, J. Membr. Sci. 129 (1997) 243–249.10.1016/S0376-7388(96)00354-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• K.L. Lee, R.W. Baker, H.K. Lonsdale, Membranes for power generation by pressure-retarded osmosis, J. Membr. Sci. 8 (1981) 141–171.10.1016/S0376-7388(00)82088-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar