Optimization of deep mixing design for seismic liquefaction mitigation of Caisson walls

References

• Adams T. 2011. Stability of Levees and Floodwalls supported by deep-mixed shear walls: Five case studies in the New Orleans Area, PhD Dissertation, Blackburg (VA): Virginia Tech.
   Google Scholar
• Alam MJ, Towhata I, Wassan TH. 2005. Seismic behavior of a quay wall without and with a damage mitigation measure. Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics. 1–2. doi:10.1061/40779(158)18
   Google Scholar
• Alyami M, Rouainia M, Wilkinson SM. 2009. Numerical analysis of deformation behavior of quay walls under earthquake loading. Soil Dynamics Earthquake Eng. 29(3):525–536.
   Google Scholar
• Alyami M, Wilkison SM, Rouainia M, Cai F. 2007. Simulation of seismic behavior of gravity quay wall using a generalized plasticity model. Proceedings of 4th International Conference on Earthquake Geotechnical, Thessaloniki, Greece, June 25–28, 2007.
   Google Scholar
• Arablouei A, Ghalandarzadeh A, Mostafagharabaghi AR, Abedi K. 2011. A numerical study of liquefaction induced deformation on caisson-type quay wall using a partially coupled solution. J Offshore Mech Arct Eng. 133(2): 0211101-1–021101-9.
   Google Scholar
• Baez JI. 1995. A design model for the reduction of soil liquefaction by using vibro-stone column. PhD Thesis, Civil Engineering, University of Southern California.
   Google Scholar
• Broms BB. 2003. Deep soil stabilization: Design and construction of lime and lime/cement columns. Stockholm, Sweden: Royal Institute of Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Bruce M, Berg R, Collin J, Filz G, Terashi M, Yang D. 2013. Federal highway administration design manual: Deep mixing for embankment and foundation support. FHWA-HRT-13-016. 10:2013.
   Google Scholar
• Bryne PM. 1991. A cyclic shear-volume coupling and pore pressure model for sand. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Recent Advances in Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics; 11–15 March; St. Louis (MO), Vol.1, pp. 47–55.
   Google Scholar
• Bryne PM, Park SS, Beaty M, Sharp M, Gonzalez L, Abdoun T. 2004. Numerical modeling of liquefaction and comparison with centrifuge tests. Can Geotech J. 41(2):193–211.
   Google Scholar
• Burke GK, Sehn AL. 2005. An analysis of single axis wet mix performance. Proc. Int. Conf. Deep Mixing – Best Practice and Recent Advances, Deep Mixing’05, SD Report 13 (CD-ROM), Swedish Geotechnical Institute, Linkoping, 41–46.
   Google Scholar
• Chen YM, Xu DP. 2007. FLAC/FLAC3D fundamentals and examples. Beijing: Waterpub, Inc. (In Chinese)
   Google Scholar
• Chu J, Varaksin S, Klotz U, Menge P. 2009. Construction proves. Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, pp. 3006–3135. Alexandria, Egpyt.
   Google Scholar
• Dakoulas P, Gazetas G. 2008. Insight into seismic earth and water pressures against caisson quay wall. Geotechnique. 58(2):95–111.
   Google Scholar
• Della N, Muhammed RD, Canou J, Dupla JC. 2016. Influence of initial conditions on liquefaction resistance of sandy soil from Chlef region in Northern Algeria. Geotech Geol Eng. 34(6):1971. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-016-0077-8
   Google Scholar
• Elias V, Welsh J, Wareen J, Lukas R, Collin J, Berg R. 2006. Ground improvement methods: Reference Manual – Volume I. NHI Course No. 13204, Federal Highway Administration. Washington DC, USA.
   Google Scholar
• Filz GM. 2009. Design of deep mixing support for Embankment and Levees. Proceedings of the International Symposium Deep Mixing & Admixture Stabilization; May 19–21; Okinawa, Japan, pp. 23.
   Google Scholar
• Finn WDL, Byrne PM, Evans S, Law T. 1996. Some geotechnical aspects of Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake of January 17, 1995. Can J Civ Eng. 23(3):778–796.
   Google Scholar
• Goughnour RR, Pestana JM. 1998. Mechanical behavior of stone columns under seismic loading. Proceedings of the 2^nd International Conference on Ground Improvement Techniques; Singapore, 157–162.
   Google Scholar
• Hazarika H, Kohama E, Sugano T. 2008. Underwater shake table tests on waterfront structures protected with tire chips cushion. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng. 134(12):1706–1719.
   Google Scholar
• Iai S, Sugano T. 2000. Shaking table testing on seismic performance of gravity quay walls. Proceedings of 12th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Aug 1–6, Auckland, New Zealand.
   Google Scholar
• Inagak H, Iai S, Sugano T, Yamazaki H, Inatomi T. 1996. Performance of caisson type quay walls at Kobe port. Special Issue of Soils and Foundations. 36(Special):119–136.
   Google Scholar
• Ishihara K. 1997. Terzaghi oration: Geotechnical aspects of the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Proceedings of 14th Conference Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering; Hamburg 4, 2047–2073.
   Google Scholar
• Itasca. 2007. Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua, Users’ manual. MN: Itasca.
   Google Scholar
• Iwasaki Y, Tai M. 1996. Strong motion records at Kobe Port Island. Soils Foundations (Special issue on geotechnical aspects of the January 17, 1995 Hoogoken-Nambu earthquake, 1, 29–40.
   Google Scholar
• Le Kouby A, Guimond-Barrett A, Reiffsteck P. 2017. Geotech Geol Eng. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0401-y
   Google Scholar
• Look B. 2007. Handbook of geotechnical investigation and design tables. London, UK: Taylor & Francis.
   Google Scholar
• Martin GR, Finn WDL, Seed HB. 1975. Fundamentals of liquefaction under cyclic loading. J Geotechnical Eng Div. ASCE. 101(GT5):423–438.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell JK. 2008. Mitigation of liquefaction potential of silty sands. From Research to Practice in Geotechnical Engineering Congress. 2008:433–451.
   Google Scholar
• Mostafavi Moghadam A, Ghalandarzadeh A, Towhata I, Moradi M, Ebrahimian B, Hajialikhani P. 2009. Studying the effects of deformable panels on seismic displacement of gravity quay walls. Ocean Eng. 36(15–16):1129–1148.
   Google Scholar
• Namikawa T, Koseki J, Suzuki Y. 2007. Finite element analysis of lattice-shaped ground improvement by cement-mixing for liquefaction mitigation. S&F. 47(3):559–576.
   Google Scholar
• Navin M. 2005. Stability of Embankment Founded on Soft Improvement with Deep-Mixing-Method Columns, PhD Dissertation. Blackburg (VA): Virginia Tech.
   Google Scholar
• Nguyen. 2012. Effect of DEM Grids on shear stress distribution in Liquefiable soil. GeoCongress. 2012:1948–1957.
   Google Scholar
• PIANC (Permanent International Association of Navigation Association). 2001. Seismic design guidelines for port structures, Balkema,Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 474.
   Google Scholar
• Porbaha A, Ghaheri F, Puppala AJ. 2005. Soil cement properties from borehole geophysical correlated with laboratory tests. Proceedings of Deep Mixing’05: International conference on deep mixing best practice and recent advances. Stockholm, Sweden, May 23–25, 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Rayamajhi D, Nguyen V, Ashford A, Boulanger RW. 2012. Effect of discrete columns on shear stress distribution in Liquefiable soil. GeoCongress. 2012:1908–1917.
   Google Scholar
• Seed HB, Booker JR. 1977. Stability of Potentially Liquefiable Sand Deposits Using Gravel Drains, Journal of the soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, 103,757–768.
   Google Scholar
• Sugawa N, Ito Y, Kawai M. 1996. New core sampler with planet gear for investigating the cement-mixed ground. Grouting and Deep Mixing, Proceeding of IS-Tokyo’ 96; May 14–17; Tokyo, pp. 635–658.
   Google Scholar
• Takahashi H, Hayano K. 2009. Dynamic model tests in centrifuge on lattice-shaped DMM ground improvement for retraining displacement of quay wall. In: Tsukamoto, Yoshimini, editors. Performance-based design in earthquake geotechnical engineering – Kohusho. Landon, UK: Taylor & Francis Group.
   Google Scholar
• Terashi M. 2003. The state of practice in deep mixing methods. Proceedings of 3rd International Conference Grouting and Ground Treatment; 25–49; New Orleans.
   Google Scholar
• Tong B, Schaefer V. 2016. Optimization of Vibrocompaction design for liquefaction mitigation of gravity Caisson Quay Walls. Int J Geomech. 16(4):04016005.
   Google Scholar