Size distribution and size of loess slides in response to slope height and slope gradient based on field survey data

References

• Brardinoni F, Church M. 2004. Representing the landslide magnitude–frequency relation: Capilano River Basin, British Columbia. Earth Surf Process Landforms. 29(1):115–124.
   Google Scholar
• Chen XL, Liu CG, Chang ZF, Zhou Q. 2016. The relationship between the slope angle and the landslide size derived from limit equilibrium simulations. Geomorphology. 253:547–550.
   Google Scholar
• Cheng D, Cui Y, Su F, Jia Y. 2018. The characteristics of the Mocoa compound disaster event,Colombia. Landslides. 15:1223–1232.
   Google Scholar
• Cui Y, Cheng D, Chan D. 2019. Investigation of post-fire debris flows in Montecito. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 8(1): 5.
   Google Scholar
• Dai FC, Lee CF. 2002. Landslide characteristics and slope instability modeling using GIS, Lantau Island, Hong Kong. Geomorphology. 42(3–4):213–228.
   Google Scholar
• Derbyshire E. 2001. Geological hazards in loess terrain, with particular reference to the loess regions of China. Earth-Sci Rev. 54(1–3):231–260.
   Google Scholar
• Derbyshire E, Mellors TW. 1988. Geological and geotechnical characteristics of some loess and loessic soils from China and Britain: a comparison. Eng Geol. 25(2–4):135–175.
   Google Scholar
• Derbyshire E, Wang J, Jin Z, Billard A, Egels Y, Kasser M, Jones DKC, Muxart T, Owen L 1991. Landslides in the Gansu loess of China. Catena Suppl. 20:119–145.
   Google Scholar
• Frattini P, Crosta GB. 2013. The role of material properties and landscape morphology on landslide size distributions. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 361:310–319.
   Google Scholar
• Gallen SF, Clark MK, Godt JW. 2015. Coseismic landslides reveal near-surface rock strength in a high-relief, tectonically active setting. Geology. 43(1):11–14.
   Google Scholar
• Guthrie RH, Deadman PJ, Cabrera AR, Evans SG. 2008. Exploring the magnitude–frequency distribution: a cellular automata model for landslides. Landslides. 5(1):151–159.
   Google Scholar
• Guzzetti F, Ardizzone F, Cardinali M, Galli M, Reichenbach P, Rossi M. 2008. Distribution of landslides in the Upper Tiber River basin, central Italy. Geomorphology. 96(1–2):105–122.
   Google Scholar
• Guzzetti F, Carrara A, Cardinali M, Reichenbach P. 1999. Landslide hazard evaluation: a review of current techniques and their application in a multi-scale study, Central Italy. Geomorphology. 31(1–4):181–216.
   Google Scholar
• Guzzetti F, Malamud BD, Turcotte DL, Reichenbach P. 2002. Power law correlations of landslide areas in central Italy. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 195(3–4):169–183.
   Google Scholar
• Guzzetti F, Mondini AC, Cardinali M, Fiorucci F, Santangelo M, Chang KT. 2012. Landslide inventory maps: New tools for an old problem. Earth-Sci Rev. 112(1–2):42–66.
   Google Scholar
• Hovius N, Stark CP, Allen PA. 1997. Sediment flux from a mountain belt derived by landslide mapping. Geology. 25(3):231–234.
   Google Scholar
• Hungr O, Evans SG, Hazzard J. 1999. Magnitude and frequency of rock falls and rock slides along the main transportation corridors of southwestern British Columbia. Can Geotech J. 36(2):224–238.
   Google Scholar
• Hungr O, McDougall S, Wise M, Cullen M. 2008. Magnitude–frequency relationships of debris flow sand debris avalanches in relation to slope relief. Geomorphology. 96(3–4):355–365.
   Google Scholar
• Hurst MD, Ellis MA, Royse KR, Lee KA, Freeborough K. 2013. Controls on the magnitude-frequency scaling of an inventory of secular landslides. Earth Surf Dynam. 1(1):67–78.
   Google Scholar
• Katz O, Aharonov E. 2006. Landslides in vibrating sand box: what controls types of slope failure and frequency magnitude relations? Earth Planet Sci Lett. 247(3–4):280–294.
   Google Scholar
• Katz O, Morgan JK, Aharonov E, Dugan B. 2014. Controls on the size and geometry of landslides: insights from discrete element numerical simulations. Geomorphology. 220:104–113.
   Google Scholar
• Korup O. 2005. Distribution of landslides in southwest New Zealand. Landslides. 2(1):43–51.
   Google Scholar
• Korup O, Clague JJ, Hermanns RL, Hewitt K, Strom AL, Weidinger JT. 2007. Giant landslides, topography, and erosion. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 261(3–4):578–589.
   Google Scholar
• Lari S, Frattini P, Crosta GB. 2014. A probabilistic approach for landslide hazard analysis. Eng Geol. 182:3–14.
   Google Scholar
• Liu TS. 1985. Loess and environment. Beijing: China Ocean Press; p. 1–237.
   Google Scholar
• Malamud BD, Turcotte DL, Guzzetti F, Reichenbach P. 2004. Landslide inventories and their statistical properties. Earth Surf Process Landforms. 29(6):687–711.
   Google Scholar
• Marc O, Stumpf A, Malet JP, Gosset M, Uchida T, Chiang SH. 2018. Initial in-sights from a global database of rainfall-induced landslide inventories: the weak influence of slope and strong influence of total storm rainfall. Earth Surf Dynam. 6(4):903–922.
   Google Scholar
• Martin Y, Rood K, Schwab JW, Church M. 2002. Sediment transfer by shallow landsliding in the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. Can J Earth Sci. 39(2):189–205.
   Google Scholar
• Montgomery DR, Brandon MT. 2002. Topographic controls on erosion rates in tectonically active mountain ranges. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 201(3–4):481–489.
   Google Scholar
• Pelletier JD, Malamud BD, Blodgett T, Turcotte DL. 1997. Scaleinvariance of soil moisture variability and its implications for the frequency-size distribution of landslides. Eng Geol. 48(3–4):255–268.
   Google Scholar
• Peng J, Wang S, Wang Q, Zhuang J, Huang W, Zhu X, Leng Y, Ma P. 2019. Distribution and genetic types of loess landslides in China. J Asian Earth Sci. 170:329–350.
   Google Scholar
• Qiu H, Cui P, Regmi AD, Hu S, Hao J. 2019. Loess slide susceptibility assessment using frequency ratio model and artificial neural network. Q J Eng Geol Hydrogeol. 52(1):38–45.
   Google Scholar
• Qiu H, Cui P, Regmi AD, Hu S, Wang X, Zhang Y. 2018. The effects of slope length and slope gradient on the size distributions of loess slides: field observations and simulations. Geomorphology. 300:69–76.
   Google Scholar
• Qiu H, Cui P, Regmi AD, Hu S, Wang X, Zhang Y, He Y. 2017. Influence of topography and volume on mobility of loess slides within different slip surfaces. Catena. 157:180–188.
   Google Scholar
• Qiu H, Regmi AD, Cui P, Cao M, Lee J, Zhu X. 2016. Size distribution of loess slides in relation to local slope height within different slope morphologies. Catena. 145:155–163.
   Google Scholar
• Shi JS, Wu LZ, Wu SR, Li B, Wang T, Xin P. 2016. Analysis of the causes of largescale loess landslides in Baoji, China. Geomorphology. 264:109–117.
   Google Scholar
• Stark CP, Guzzetti F. 2009. Landslide rupture and the probability distribution of mobilized debris volumes. J Geophys Res Earth Surf. 114(F2):2003–2012.
   Google Scholar
• Stark CP, Hovius N. 2001. The characterization of landslide size distributions. Geophys Res Lett. 28(6):1091–1094.
   Google Scholar
• Turcotte DL, Malamud BD, Guzzetti F, Reichenbach P. 2002. Selforganization, the cascade model, and natural hazards. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99(Supplement 1):2530–2537.
   Google Scholar
• Valagussa A, Marc O, Frattini P, Crosta GB. 2019. Seismic and geological controls on earthquake-induced landslide size. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 506:268–281.
   Google Scholar
• Van Den Eeckhaut M, Poesen J, Govers G, Verstraeten G, Demoulin A. 2007. Characteristics of the size distribution of recent and historical landslides in a populated hilly region. Earth Planet Sci Lett. 256(3–4):588–603.
   Google Scholar
• Van Westen CJ, Van Asch TW, Soeters R. 2006. Landslide hazard and risk zonation—why is it still so difficult? Bull Eng Geol Environ. 65(2):167–184.
   Google Scholar
• Wang J, Jin W, Cui YF, Zhang WF, Wu CH, Alessandro P. 2018. Earthquake-triggered landslides affecting a UNESCO Natural Site: the 2017 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake in the World National Park, China. Journal of Mountain Science. 15(7): 1412–1428.
   Google Scholar
• Xu L, Dai FC, Tham LG, Zhou YF, Wu CX. 2012. Investigating landslide-related cracks along the edge of two loess platforms in northwest China. Earth Surf Process Landforms. 37(10):1023–1033.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang F, Kang C, Chan D, Zhang X, Pei X, Peng J. 2017. A study of a flowslide with significant entrainment in loess areas in China. Earth Surf Process Landforms. 42(14):2295–2305.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang F, Pei X, Chen W, Liu G, Liang S. 2014. Spatial variation in geotechnical properties and topographic attributes on the different types of shallow landslides in a loess catchment, China. Eur J Environ Civ Eng. 18:470–488.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang M, Liu J. 2009. Controlling factors of loess landslides in western China. Environ Earth Sci. 69:1671–1680.
   Google Scholar