The effect of mutations under conditions of reduced selection

References

• Bailit , H. L. and Friedlaender , J. S. 1966 . Tooth size reduction: A hominid trend. . Amer. Anthropol. , 68 : 665 – 672 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brace , C. L. 1962 . “ Cultural factors in the evolution of the human dentition ” . Edited by: Ashley Montagu , M. F. 343 – 354 . New York : Oxford .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1963 . Structural reduction in evolution. . Amer. Natur. , 97 : 39 – 49 .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1964a . The probable mutation effect. . Amer. Natur. , 98 : 453 – 455 .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1964b . The fate of the “classic” Neanderthals: A consideration of hominid catastrophism. . Curr. Anthropol. , 7 : 204 – 214 . 5:3–43
   Google Scholar
• Brace , C. L. and Ashley Montagu , M. F. 1965 . Man's evolution: An introduction to physical anthropology. , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Breder , C. M. 1944 . Ocular anatomy and light sensitivity studies on the blind fish from Cueva de los Sabinos, Mexico. . Zoologica , 94 : 131 – 143 .
   Google Scholar
• Brothwell , D. R. 1961 . The people of Mount Carmel. . Proc. Prehist. Soc. , 27 : 155 – 159 .
   Google Scholar
• Brues , A. M. 1966 . “The probable mutation effect” and the evolution of hominid teeth and jaws. . Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. , 25 : 169 – 171 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clark , J. D. 1960 . Further excavations at Broken Hill, Northern Rhodesia. . J. Roy. Anthropol. Inst. , 89 : 201 – 231 .
   Google Scholar
• Clark , J. D. , Oakely , K. P. , Wells , L. H. and McClelland , J. A. C. 1950 . New studies on Rhodesian man. . J. Roy. Anthropol. Inst. , 77 : 7 – 32 .
   Google Scholar
• Crick , F. H. C. 1966 . The genetic code III. . Sci. Amer. , 215 : 55 – 62 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dahlberg , A. A. 1964 . “ Dental evolution and culture ” . In Culture and the direction of human evolution. , Edited by: Garn , S. M. 19 – 31 . Detroit : Wayne State .
   Google Scholar
• DeBeer , G. R. 1940 . “ Embryology and taxonomy ” . In The new systematics. , Edited by: Huxley , J. S. 365 – 393 . Oxford : Clarendon .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1958 . Embryos and ancestors. , Oxford : Clarendon .
   Google Scholar
• Dobzhansky , T. 1955 . Evolution, genetics, and man. , New York : Wiley .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1962 . Mankind evolving. , New Haven : Yale Univ. Press .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . Lecture given at the 36th meeting of the_ American Association of Physical Anthropologists .
   Google Scholar
• Emerson , A. E. 1961 . Vestigial characters of termites, and processes of regressive evolution. . Evolution , 15 : 115 – 131 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fisher , R. A. 1930 . The genetical theory of natural selection. , Oxford : Clarendon .
   Google Scholar
• Fraenkel‐Conrat , H. 1964 . The genetic code of a virus. . Sci. Amer. , 213 : 55 – 67 .
   Google Scholar
• Garn , S. M. 1964 . “ Culture and the direction of human evolution ” . In Culture and the direction of human evolution. , Edited by: Garn , S. M. 3 – 18 . Detroit : Wayne State .
   Google Scholar
• Garrod , D. A. E. 1962 . The middle paleolithic of the Near East and the problem of the Mount Carmel man. . J. Roy. Anthropol. Inst. , 52 : 232 – 259 .
   Google Scholar
• Garrod , D. A. E. and Bate , D. M. A. 1937 . The stone age of Mount Carmel, Vol. I. Excavations at the Wady El‐Mughara , Vol. I , New York : Oxford .
   Google Scholar
• Gregory , W. K. 1951 . Evolution emerging: A survey of changing patterns from primeval life to man. , 2 vols , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Higgs , E. S. 1961 . Some pleistocene faunas from the Mediterranean coastal areas. . Proc. Prehist. Soc. , 27 : 144 – 154 .
   Google Scholar
• Hirsch , J. 1963 . Behavior genetics and individuality understood. . Science , 142 : 1436 – 1442 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoixoway , R. L. Jr. 1966 . “Structural reduction” through the probable mutation effect . Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. , 25 : 7 – 11 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hooton , E. A. 1931 . Up from the ape. , New York : Macmillan .
   Google Scholar
• Howell , F. C. 1959 . Upper pleistocene stratigraphy and early man in the Levant. . Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. , 103 : 1 – 65 .
   Google Scholar
• Huxley , J. S. 1932 . Problems of relative growth. , London : Methuen .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1942 . Evolution, the modern synthesis. , London : Allen .
   Google Scholar
• Ingram , V. M. 1957 . Genetic mutations in human haemoglobin: The chemical difference between normal and sickle‐cell haemoglobin. . Nature , 180 : 326 – 328 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jacob , F. and Monod , J. 1961 . On the regulation of gene activity. . Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology , 26 : 318 – 356 .
   Google Scholar
• Lerner , I. M. 1954 . Genetic homeostasis. , Edinburgh : Oliver and Boyd .
   Google Scholar
• Lewontin , R. C. 1957 . The adaptations of populations to varying environments. . Cold Spring Harbor Symposium on Quantitative Biology , 22 : 395 – 408 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Li , C. C. 1955 . Population genetics. , Chicago : Univ. of Chicago Press .
   Google Scholar
• McCown , T. and Keith , A. 1939 . The stone age of Mount Carmel, Vol. II. The fossil human remains from the Levalloiso‐Mousterian , Vol. II , New York : Oxford .
   Google Scholar
• Mather , K. and Harrison , B. J. 1949 . The manifold effects of selection . Heredity , 3 : 1 – 52 . 131 – 162 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayr , E. 1963 . Animal species and evolution. , Cambridge : Belknap .
   Google Scholar
• Muller‐Beck , H. 1966 . Paleohunters in America: Origins and diffusion. . Science , 152 : 1191 – 1210 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neel , J. V. and Post , R. H. 1963 . Transitory “positive” selection for colorblindness? Eugen. . Quart. , 10 : 33 – 35 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perutz , M. F. 1958 . Some recent advances in molecular biology. . Endeavour , 17 : 190 – 203 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Post , R. H. 1962a . Population differences in red and green color vision deficiency: A review and a query on selection relaxation. . Eugen. Quart. , 9 : 131 – 146 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• _____ . 1962b . Population differences in vision acuity: A review with speculative notes on selection relaxation. . Eugen. Quart. , 9 : 189 – 212 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• _____ . 1963a . “Colorblindness” and relaxed selection. . Eugen. Quart. , 10 : 84 – 85 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• _____ . 1963b . “Colorblindness” in Britain, France, and Japan: A review with notes on selection relaxation. . Eugen. Quart. , 10 : 110 – 118 .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1964a . Hearing acuity among Negroes and whites. . Eugen. Quart. , 11 : 65 – 81 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• _____ . 1964b . Appraisals of civilized man and savages. . Eugen. Quart. , 11 : 168 – 169 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• _____ . 1965 . Jews, genetics, and disease. . Eugen. Quart. , 12 : 162 – 164 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• _____ . 1966a . Breast cancer, lactation, and genetics. . Eugen. Quart. , 13 : 1 – 29 .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1966b . Deformed nasal septa and relaxed selection. . Eugen. Quart. , 13 : 101 – 112 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Pradel , L. 1966 . Transition from the Mousterian to the Perigordian. . Curr. Anthropol. , 7 : 33 – 50 .
   Google Scholar
• Prout , T. 1964 . Observations on structural reduction in evolution. . Amer. Natur. , 98 : 239 – 249 .
   Google Scholar
• Pycraft , W. P. , ed. 1928 . Rhodesian man and associated remains. , London : British Museum .
   Google Scholar
• Simpson , G. G. 1951 . Horses. , New York : Oxford Univ. Press .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1953 . The major features of evolution. , New York : Columbia Univ. Press .
   Google Scholar
• Stern , C. 1960 . Principles of human genetics. , 2nd ed. , San Francisco : W. Freeman .
   Google Scholar
• Tuttle , R. H. and Rogers , C. M. 1966 . Genetic and selective factors in reduction of the hallux in Pongo pygmaeus. . Amer. J. Phys. Anthropol. , 24 : 191 – 198 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Valen , L. 1960 . Nonadaptive aspects of evolution. . Amer. Natur. , 94 : 305 – 308 .
   Google Scholar
• Waddington , C. H. 1957 . The strategy of the genes. , London : Allen and Unwin .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1962 . New patterns in genetics and development. , New York : Columbia Univ. Press .
   Google Scholar
• Wright , S. 1929 . Fisher's theory of dominance. . Amer. Natur. , 68 : 274 – 279 .
   Google Scholar
• _____ . 1931 . Evolution in Mendelian populations. . Genetics , 16 : 97 – 159 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• _____ . 1964 . Pleiotropy in the evolution of structural reduction and of dominance. . Amer. Natur. , 98 : 65 – 69 .
   Google Scholar