Diet–microbial cross–talk underlying increased visceral perception

References

• Kuiken SD, Lindeboom R, Tytgat GN, Boeckxstaens GE. Relationship between symptoms and hypersensitivity to rectal distension in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2005;22(2):157–13. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02524.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Veek PP, Van Rood YR, Masclee AA. Symptom severity but not psychopathology predicts visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008;6(3):321–328. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2007.12.005.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kanazawa M, Palsson OS, Thiwan SIM, Turner MJ, van Tilburg MAL, Gangarosa LM, Chitkara DK, Fukudo S, Drossman DA, Whitehead WE, et al. Contributions of pain sensitivity and colonic motility to IBS symptom severity and predominant bowel habits. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008;103(10):2550–2561. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2008.02066.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mertz H, Naliboff B, Munakata J, Niazi N, Mayer EA. Altered rectal perception is a biological marker of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 1995;109(1):40–52. doi:10.1016/0016-5085(95)90267-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luczynski P, Tramullas M, Viola M, Shanahan F, Clarke G, O’Mahony S, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. 2017 Microbiota regulates visceral pain in the mouse. 2017;eLife 6:e25887. doi:10.7554/eLife.25887.
   Google Scholar
• Esquerre N, Basso L, Defaye M, Vicentini FA, Cluny N, Bihan D, Hirota SA, Schick A, Jijon HB, Lewis IA, et al. Colitis-induced microbial perturbation promotes postinflammatory visceral hypersensitivity. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;10(2):225–244. doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2020.04.003.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gao J, Xiong T, Grabauskas G, Owyang C. Mucosal serotonin reuptake transporter expression in irritable bowel syndrome is modulated by gut microbiota via mast cell-prostaglandin E2. Gastroenterology. 2022;162(1962–74.e6):1962–1974.e6. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2022.02.016.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lucarini E, Di Pilato V, Parisio C, Micheli L, Toti A, Pacini A, Bartolucci G, Baldi S, Niccolai E, Amedei A, Rossolini GM. Visceral sensitivity modulation by faecal microbiota transplantation: the active role of gut bacteria in pain persistence. Pain. 2022;163(5):861–877. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lacy BE, Mearin F, Chang L, Chey WD, Lembo AJ, Simren M, Spiller R. Bowel disorders. Gastroenterology. 2016;150: 1393–+.
   Google Scholar
• Monsbakken KW, Vandvik PO, Farup PG. Perceived food intolerance in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome – etiology, prevalence and consequences. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60(5):667–672. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602367.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Böhn L, Störsrud S, Törnblom H, Bengtsson U, Simrén M. Self-reported food-related gastrointestinal symptoms in IBS are common and associated with more severe symptoms and reduced quality of life. Am J Gastroenterol. 2013;108(5):634–641. doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simrén M, Månsson A, Langkilde AM, Svedlund J, Abrahamsson H, Bengtsson U, Björnsson ES. Food-related gastrointestinal symptoms in the irritable bowel syndrome. Digestion. 2001;63(2):108–115. doi:10.1159/000051878.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Locke GR 3rd, Zinsmeister AR, Talley NJ, Fett SL, Melton LJ. Risk factors for irritable bowel syndrome: role of analgesics and food sensitivities. Am J Gastroenterol. 2000;95(1):157–165. doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.01678.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kolodziejczyk AA, Zheng D, Elinav E. Diet-microbiota interactions and personalized nutrition. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2019;17(12):742–753. doi:10.1038/s41579-019-0256-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meerschaert KA, Adelman PC, Friedman RL, Albers KM, Koerber HR, Davis BM. Unique molecular characteristics of visceral afferents arising from different levels of the neuraxis: location of afferent somata predicts function and stimulus detection modalities. J Neurosci. 2020;40(38):7216–7228. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1426-20.2020.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li H, Page AJ. Altered vagal signaling and its pathophysiological roles in functional dyspepsia. Front Neurosci. 2022;16:858612. doi:10.3389/fnins.2022.858612.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blackshaw LA, Brookes SJ, Grundy D, Schemann M. Sensory transmission in the gastrointestinal tract. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2007;19(s1):1–19. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00871.x.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brierley SM, Jones RC 3rd, Gebhart GF, Blackshaw LA. Splanchnic and pelvic mechanosensory afferents signal different qualities of colonic stimuli in mice. Gastroenterology. 2004;127(1):166–178. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2004.04.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes PA, Brierley SM, Martin CM, Brookes SJ, Linden DR, Blackshaw LA. Post-inflammatory colonic afferent sensitisation: different subtypes, different pathways and different time courses. Gut. 2009;58(10):1333–1341. doi:10.1136/gut.2008.170811.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harrington AM, Brierley SM, Isaacs N, Hughes PA, Castro J, Blackshaw LA. Sprouting of colonic afferent central terminals and increased spinal mitogen-activated protein kinase expression in a mouse model of chronic visceral hypersensitivity. J Comp Neurol. 2012;520(10):2241–2255. doi:10.1002/cne.23042.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanner S, Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Mawe G, Shea-Donohue T, Verdu EF, Wood J, Grundy D. Fundamentals of neurogastroenterology: basic science. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(6):1280–1291. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.018.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mayer EA, Labus J, Aziz Q, Tracey I, Kilpatrick L, Elsenbruch S, Schweinhardt P, Van Oudenhove L, Borsook D. Role of brain imaging in disorders of brain-gut interaction: a Rome working team report. Gut. 2019;68(9):1701–1715. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318308.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilera-Lizarraga J, Hussein H, Boeckxstaens GE. Immune activation in irritable bowel syndrome: what is the evidence? Nat Rev Immunol. 2022;22(11):674–686. doi:10.1038/s41577-022-00700-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berumen A, Edwinson AL, Grover M. Post-infection irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2021;50(2):445–461. doi:10.1016/j.gtc.2021.02.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hurtado-Lorenzo A, Honig G, Weaver SA, Larkin PB, Heller C. Chronic abdominal pain in IBD research initiative: unraveling biological mechanisms and patient heterogeneity to personalize treatment and improve clinical outcomes. Crohn’s Colitis. 2021;3(3):otab034. doi:10.1093/crocol/otab034.
   Google Scholar
• Spiller R, Lam C. An update on post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome: role of genetics, immune activation, serotonin and altered microbiome. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012;18:258–268.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbara G, Cremon C, De Giorgio R, Dothel G, Zecchi L, Bellacosa L, Carini G, Stanghellini V, Corinaldesi R. Mechanisms underlying visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2011;13(4):308–315. doi:10.1007/s11894-011-0195-7.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Barbara G, Stanghellini V, De Giorgio R, Cremon C, Cottrell GS, Santini D, Pasquinelli G, Morselli-Labate AM, Grady EF, Bunnett NW, et al. Activated mast cells in proximity to colonic nerves correlate with abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2004;126(3):693–702. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2003.11.055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barbara G, Wang B, Stanghellini V, de Giorgio R, Cremon C, Di Nardo G, Trevisani M, Campi B, Geppetti P, Tonini M, et al. Mast cell-dependent excitation of visceral-nociceptive sensory neurons in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2007;132(1):26–37. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.039.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wouters MM, Balemans D, Van Wanrooy S, Dooley J, Cibert-Goton V, Alpizar YA, Valdez-Morales EE, Nasser Y, Van Veldhoven PP, Vanbrabant W, et al. Histamine receptor H1–mediated sensitization of TRPV1 mediates visceral hypersensitivity and symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2016;150(4):875–887.e9. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.12.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klooker TK, Braak B, Koopman KE, Welting O, Wouters MM, van der Heide S, Schemann M, Bischoff SC, van den Wijngaard RM, Boeckxstaens GE, Klooker TK, Braak B, Koopman KE, Welting O, Wouters MM, van der Heide S, et al. The mast cell stabiliser ketotifen decreases visceral hypersensitivity and improves intestinal symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2010;59(9):1213–1221. doi:10.1136/gut.2010.213108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aguilera-Lizarraga J, Florens MV, Viola MF, Jain P, Decraecker L, Appeltans I, Cuende-Estevez M, Fabre N, Van Beek K, Perna E, et al. Local immune response to food antigens drives meal-induced abdominal pain. Nature. 2021;590(7844):151–156. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-03118-2.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou SY, Gillilland M 3rd, Wu X, Leelasinjaroen P, Zhang G, Zhou H, Ye B, Lu Y, Owyang C. FODMAP diet modulates visceral nociception by lipopolysaccharide-mediated intestinal inflammation and barrier dysfunction. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(1):267–280. doi:10.1172/JCI92390.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gecse K, Roka R, Ferrier L, Leveque M, Eutamene H, Cartier C, Ait-Belgnaoui A, Rosztoczy A, Izbeki F, Fioramonti J, et al. Increased faecal serine protease activity in diarrhoeic IBS patients: a colonic lumenal factor impairing colonic permeability and sensitivity. Gut. 2008;57(5):591–599. doi:10.1136/gut.2007.140210.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Parfrey LW, Walters WA, Knight R. Microbial eukaryotes in the human microbiome: ecology, evolution, and future directions. Front Microbiol. 2011;2:153. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00153.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dethlefsen L, Eckburg PB, Bik EM, Relman DA. Assembly of the human intestinal microbiota. Trends Ecol Evol. 2006;21(9):517–523. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.06.013.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rajilic-Stojanovic M, Heilig HG, Tims S, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM. Long-term monitoring of the human intestinal microbiota composition. Environ Microbiol. 2012. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12023.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sommer F, Backhed F. The gut microbiota–masters of host development and physiology. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2013;11(4):227–238. doi:10.1038/nrmicro2974.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costea PI, Hildebrand F, Arumugam M, Backhed F, Blaser MJ, Bushman FD, De Vos WM, Ehrlich SD, Fraser CM, Hattori M, Huttenhower C. Enterotypes in the landscape of gut microbial community composition. Nat Microbiol. 2018;3(1):8–16. doi:10.1038/s41564-017-0072-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martino C, Dilmore AH, Burcham ZM, Metcalf JL, Jeste D, Knight R. Microbiota succession throughout life from the cradle to the grave. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2022;20(12):707–720. doi:10.1038/s41579-022-00768-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert JA, Blaser MJ, Caporaso JG, Jansson JK, Lynch SV, Knight R. Current understanding of the human microbiome. Nat Med. 2018;24(4):392–400. doi:10.1038/nm.4517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shanahan F, Ghosh TS, O’Toole PW. The healthy microbiome—what is the definition of a healthy gut microbiome? Gastroenterology. 2021;160(2):483–494. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.057.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moya A, Ferrer M. Functional redundancy-induced stability of gut microbiota subjected to disturbance. Trends Microbiol. 2016;24(5):402–413. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2016.02.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nicholson JK, Holmes E, Kinross J, Burcelin R, Gibson G, Jia W, Pettersson S. Host-gut microbiota metabolic interactions. Science. 2012;336(6086):1262–1267. doi:10.1126/science.1223813.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fan Y, Pedersen O. Gut microbiota in human metabolic health and disease. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2021;19(1):55–71. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-0433-9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Anitha M, Vijay-Kumar M, Sitaraman SV, Gewirtz AT, Srinivasan S. Gut microbial products regulate murine gastrointestinal motility via Toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Gastroenterology. 2012;143(4):1006–16 e4. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2012.06.034.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Vadder F, Grasset E, Manneras Holm L, Karsenty G, Macpherson AJ, Olofsson LE, Bäckhed F. Gut microbiota regulates maturation of the adult enteric nervous system via enteric serotonin networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018;115(25):6458–6463. doi:10.1073/pnas.1720017115.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yarandi SS, Kulkarni S, Saha M, Sylvia KE, Sears CL, Pasricha PJ. Intestinal bacteria maintain adult enteric nervous system and nitrergic neurons via toll-like receptor 2-induced neurogenesis in mice. Gastroenterology. 2020;159(1):200–213.e8. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.03.050.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Obata Y, Castano Á, Boeing S, Bon-Frauches AC, Fung C, Fallesen T, de Agüero MG, Yilmaz B, Lopes R, Huseynova A, et al. Neuronal programming by microbiota regulates intestinal physiology. Nature. 2020;578(7794):284–289. doi:10.1038/s41586-020-1975-8.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hansen CH, Nielsen DS, Kverka M, Zakostelska Z, Klimesova K, Hudcovic T, Tlaskalova-Hogenova H, Hansen AK. Patterns of early gut colonization shape future immune responses of the host. PLoSOne. 2012;7(3):e34043. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0034043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hapfelmeier S, Lawson MA, Slack E, Kirundi JK, Stoel M, Heikenwalder M, Cahenzli J, Velykoredko Y, Balmer ML, Endt K, et al. Reversible microbial colonization of germ-free mice reveals the dynamics of IgA immune responses. Science. 2010;328(5986):1705–1709. doi:10.1126/science.1188454.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kunii J, Takahashi K, Kasakura K, Tsuda M, Nakano K, Hosono A, Kaminogawa S. Commensal bacteria promote migration of mast cells into the intestine. Immunobiology. 2011;216(6):692–697. doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2010.10.007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olszak T, An D, Zeissig S, Vera MP, Richter J, Franke A, Glickman JN, Siebert R, Baron RM, Kasper DL, et al. Microbial exposure during early life has persistent effects on natural killer T cell function. Science. 2012;336(6080):489–493. doi:10.1126/science.1219328.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slack E, Hapfelmeier S, Stecher B, Velykoredko Y, Stoel M, Lawson MA, Geuking MB, Beutler B, Tedder TF, Hardt W-D, et al. Innate and adaptive immunity cooperate flexibly to maintain host-microbiota mutualism. Science. 2009;325(5940):617–620. doi:10.1126/science.1172747.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geuking MB, Cahenzli J, Lawson MA, Ng DC, Slack E, Hapfelmeier S, McCoy KD, Macpherson AJ. Intestinal bacterial colonization induces mutualistic regulatory T cell responses. Immunity. 2011;34(5):794–806. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2011.03.021.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macpherson AJ, Geuking MB, McCoy KD. Homeland security: igA immunity at the frontiers of the body. Trends Immunol. 2012;33(4):160–167. doi:10.1016/j.it.2012.02.002.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Collins J, Borojevic R, Verdu EF, Huizinga JD, Ratcliffe EM. Intestinal microbiota influence the early postnatal development of the enteric nervous system. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014;26(1):98–107. doi:10.1111/nmo.12236.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amaral FA, Sachs D, Costa VV, Fagundes CT, Cisalpino D, Cunha TM, Silva TA, Nicoli JR, Vieira LQ. Commensal microbiota is fundamental for the development of inflammatory pain. ProcNatlAcadSciUSA. 2008;105(6):2193–2197. doi:10.1073/pnas.0711891105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shen S, Lim G, You Z, Ding W, Huang P, Ran C, Doheny J, Caravan P, Tate S, Hu K, Kim H. Gut microbiota is critical for the induction of chemotherapy-induced pain. Nat Neurosci. 2017;20(9):1213–1216. doi:10.1038/nn.4606.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chiu IM, Heesters BA, Ghasemlou N, Von Hehn CA, Zhao F, Tran J, Wainger B, Strominger A, Muralidharan S, Horswill AR, et al. Bacteria activate sensory neurons that modulate pain and inflammation. Nature. 2013;501(7465):52–57. doi:10.1038/nature12479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tramullas M, Collins JM, Fitzgerald P, Dinan TG, O’Mahony SM, Cryan JF. Estrous cycle and ovariectomy-induced changes in visceral pain are microbiota-dependent. iScience. 2021;24:102850.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ochoa-Cortes F, Ramos-Lomas T, Miranda-Morales M, Spreadbury I, Ibeakanma C, Barajas-Lopez C, Vanner S. Bacterial cell products signal to mouse colonic nociceptive dorsal root ganglia neurons. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2010;299(3):G723–32. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00494.2009.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Annahazi A, Gecse K, Dabek M, Ait-Belgnaoui A, Rosztoczy A, Roka R, Molnár T, Theodorou V, Wittmann T, Bueno L, et al. Fecal proteases from diarrheic-IBS and ulcerative colitis patients exert opposite effect on visceral sensitivity in mice. Pain. 2009;144(1):209–217. doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.04.017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Palma G, Shimbori C, Reed DE, Yu Y, Rabbia V, Lu J, Jimenez-Vargas N, Sessenwein J, Lopez-Lopez C, Pigrau M, et al. Histamine production by the gut microbiota induces visceral hyperalgesia through histamine 4 receptor signaling in mice. Sci Transl Med. 2022;14(655):eabj1895. doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abj1895.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reigstad CS, Salmonson CE, Rainey JF 3rd, Szurszewski JH, Linden DR, Sonnenburg JL, Farrugia G, Kashyap PC. Gut microbes promote colonic serotonin production through an effect of short-chain fatty acids on enterochromaffin cells. FASEB J. 2015;29(4):1395–1403. doi:10.1096/fj.14-259598.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sessenwein JL, Baker CC, Pradhananga S, Maitland ME, Petrof EO, Allen-Vercoe E, Noordhof C, Reed DE, Vanner SJ, Lomax AE. Protease-mediated suppression of DRG neuron excitability by commensal bacteria. J Neurosci. 2017;37(48):11758–11768. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1672-17.2017.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Karim IA, Linden GJ, Orr DF, Lundy FT. Antimicrobial activity of neuropeptides against a range of micro-organisms from skin, oral, respiratory and gastrointestinal tract sites. J Neuroimmunol. 2008;200(1–2):11–16. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2008.05.014.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yang D, Jacobson A, Meerschaert KA, Sifakis JJ, Wu M, Chen X, Yang T, Zhou Y, Anekal PV, Rucker RA, Sharma D. Nociceptor neurons direct goblet cells via a CGRP-RAMP1 axis to drive mucus production and gut barrier protection. Cell. 2022;185(4190–205.e25):4190–4205.e25. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.024.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Zhang W, Lyu M, Bessman NJ, Xie Z, Arifuzzaman M, Yano H, Parkhurst CN, Chu C, Zhou L, Putzel GG, et al. Gut-innervating nociceptors regulate the intestinal microbiota to promote tissue protection. Cell. 2022;185(22):4170–89.e20. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paine P. Review article: current and future treatment approaches for pain in IBS. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2021;54(Suppl 1):S75–S88. doi:10.1111/apt.16550.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Armet AM, Deehan EC, O’Sullivan AF, Mota JF, Field CJ, Prado CM, Lucey AJ, Walter J. Rethinking healthy eating in light of the gut microbiome. Cell Host Microbe. 2022;30(6):764–785. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2022.04.016.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bootz-Maoz H, Pearl A, Melzer E, Malnick S, Sharon E, Bennet Y, Tsentsarevsky R, Abuchatzera S, Amidror S, Aretz E, Azriel S. Diet-induced modifications to human microbiome reshape colonic homeostasis in irritable bowel syndrome. Cell Rep. 2022;41(7):111657. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111657.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritscher-Ravens A, Schuppan D, Ellrichmann M, Schoch S, Röcken C, Brasch J, Bethge J, Böttner M, Klose J, Milla PJ. Confocal endomicroscopy shows food-associated changes in the intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2014;147(1012–20.e4):1012–1020.e4. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2014.07.046.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lacy BE, Pimentel M, Brenner DM, Chey WD, Keefer LA, Long MD, Moshiree B. ACG clinical guideline: management of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116(1):17–44. doi:10.14309/ajg.0000000000001036.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rej A, Sanders DS, Aziz I. Further research needed to determine first-line therapy for IBS in primary care. Gut. 2022;gutjnl-2022–328047. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2022-328047.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rej A, Sanders DS, Shaw CC, Buckle R, Trott N, Agrawal A, Aziz I. Efficacy and acceptability of dietary therapies in non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized trial of traditional dietary advice, the low FODMAP diet, and the gluten-free diet. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(12):2876–2887.e15. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2022.02.045.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heidi MS, Peter RG. Traditional dietary advice, low FODMAP diet or gluten-free diet for IBS: growing understanding but uncertainties remain. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lenhart A, Dong T, Joshi S, Jaffe N, Choo C, Liu C, Jacobs JP, Lagishetty V, Shih W, Labus JS, Gupta A. Effect of exclusion diets on symptom severity and the gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;20(3):e465–e83. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2021.05.027.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohn L, Storsrud S, Liljebo T, Collin L, Lindfors P, Tornblom H, Simrén M. Diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome as well as traditional dietary advice: a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2015;149(6):1399–407 e2. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2015.07.054.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto-Sanchez MI, Nardelli A, Borojevic R, De Palma G, Calo NC, McCarville J, Caminero A, Basra D, Mordhorst A, Ignatova E, Hansen S. Gluten-free diet reduces symptoms, particularly diarrhea, in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and antigliadin IgG. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021;19(11):2343–52 e8. doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2020.08.040.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halmos EP, Power VA, Shepherd SJ, Gibson PR, Muir JG. A diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2014;146(67–75.e5):67–75.e5. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.09.046.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• McIntosh K, Reed DE, Schneider T, Dang F, Keshteli AH, De Palma G, Madsen K, Bercik P, Vanner S. FODMAPs alter symptoms and the metabolome of patients with IBS: a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2017;66(7):1241–1251. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311339.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Staudacher HM, Lomer MCE, Farquharson FM, Louis P, Fava F, Franciosi E, Scholz M, Tuohy KM, Lindsay JO, Irving PM, Whelan K. Diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and probiotic restores bifidobacterium species: a randomized controlled trial. Gastroenterology. 2017;153(4):936–947. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2017.06.010.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Palma G, Bercik P. Long-term personalized low FODMAP diet in IBS. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2022;34(4):e14356. doi:10.1111/nmo.14356.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinto-Sanchez MI, Verdu EF. Non-celiac gluten or wheat sensitivity: it’s complicated! Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2018;30(8):e13392. doi:10.1111/nmo.13392.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mohseni F, Agah S, Ebrahimi-Daryani N, Taher M, Nattagh-Eshtivani E, Karimi S, Rastgoo S, Bourbour F, Hekmatdoost A. The effect of low FODMAP diet with and without gluten on irritable bowel syndrome: a double blind, placebo controlled randomized clinical trial. Clinical Nutrition ESPEN. 2022;47:45–50. doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.12.019.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dionne J, Ford AC, Yuan Y, Chey WD, Lacy BE, Saito YA, Quigley EM, Moayyedi P. A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the efficacy of a gluten-free diet and a low FODMAPs diet in treating symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018;113(9):1290–1300. doi:10.1038/s41395-018-0195-4.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bojarski C, Tangermann P, Barmeyer C, Buchkremer J, Kiesslich R, Ellrichmann M, Schreiber S, Schmidt C, Stallmach A, Roehle R, et al. Prospective, double-blind diagnostic multicentre study of confocal laser endomicroscopy for wheat sensitivity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2022;71(8):1567–1576. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325181.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson PR, Halmos EP, So D, Yao CK, Varney JE, Muir JG. Diet as a therapeutic tool in chronic gastrointestinal disorders: lessons from the FODMAP journey. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;37(4):644–652. doi:10.1111/jgh.15772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Constante M, Libertucci J, Galipeau HJ, Szamosi JC, Rueda G, Miranda PM, Pinto-Sanchez MI, Southward CM, Rossi L, Fontes ME, et al. Biogeographic variation and functional pathways of the gut microbiota in celiac disease. Gastroenterology. 2022;163(5):1351–63.e15. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2022.06.088.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caminero A, Galipeau HJ, McCarville JL, Johnston CW, Bernier SP, Russell AK, Jury J, Herran AR, Casqueiro J, Tye-Din JA, et al. Duodenal bacteria from patients with celiac disease and healthy subjects distinctly affect gluten breakdown and immunogenicity. Gastroenterology. 2016;151(4):670–683. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.06.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ong DK, Mitchell SB, Barrett JS, Shepherd SJ, Irving PM, Biesiekierski JR, Smith S, Gibson PR, Muir JG. Manipulation of dietary short chain carbohydrates alters the pattern of gas production and genesis of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010;25(8):1366–1373. doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06370.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eswaran SL, Chey WD, Han-Markey T, Ball S, Jackson K. A randomized controlled trial comparing the low FODMAP diet vs. Modified NICE guidelines in US adults with IBS-D. Am J Gastroenterol. 2016;111:1824–1832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moayyedi P, Simrén M, Bercik P. Evidence-based and mechanistic insights into exclusion diets for IBS. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020;17(7):406–413. doi:10.1038/s41575-020-0270-3.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Major G, Pritchard S, Murray K, Alappadan JP, Hoad CL, Marciani L, Gowland P, Spiller R. Colon hypersensitivity to distension, rather than excessive gas production, produces carbohydrate-related symptoms in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(1):124–33 e2. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2016.09.062.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Undseth R, Berstad A, Kløw NE, Arnljot K, Moi KS, Valeur J. Abnormal accumulation of intestinal fluid following ingestion of an unabsorbable carbohydrate in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: an MRI study. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014;26(12):1686–1693. doi:10.1111/nmo.12449.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Serra J, Azpiroz F, Malagelada JR. Impaired transit and tolerance of intestinal gas in the irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2001;48(1):14–19. doi:10.1136/gut.48.1.14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu J, Masuy I, Biesiekierski JR, Fitzke HE, Parikh C, Schofield L, Shaikh H, Bhagwanani A, Aziz Q, Taylor SA, et al. Gut-brain axis dysfunction underlies FODMAP -induced symptom generation in irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;55(6):670–682. doi:10.1111/apt.16812.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vervier K, Moss S, Kumar N, Adoum A, Barne M, Browne H, Kaser A, Kiely CJ, Neville BA, Powell N, et al. Two microbiota subtypes identified in irritable bowel syndrome with distinct responses to the low FODMAP diet. Gut. 2021;71(9):1821–1830. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2021-325177.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Eetemadi A, Tagkopoulos I. Methane and fatty acid metabolism pathways are predictive of low-FODMAP diet efficacy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Clinical Nutrition. 2021 Edinburgh, Scotland;40(6):4414–4421. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2020.12.041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Singh P, Grabauskas G, Zhou SY, Gao J, Zhang Y, High OC. FODMAP diet causes barrier loss via lipopolysaccharide-mediated mast cell activation. JCI insight. 2021;6(22):e146529. doi:10.1172/jci.insight.146529.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dlugosz A, Nowak P, D’Amato M, Mohammadian Kermani G, Nyström J, Abdurahman S, Lindberg G. Increased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide and antiflagellin antibodies in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2015;27(12):1747–1754. doi:10.1111/nmo.12670.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntosh K, Reed DE, Schneider T, Dang F, Keshteli AH, De Palma G, Madsen K, Bercik P, Vanner S. FODMAPs alter symptoms and the metabolome of patients with IBS: a randomised controlled trial. Gut. 2016;66:1241–1251.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shimbori C, De Palma G, Baerg L, Lu J, Verdu EF, Reed DE, Vanner S, Collins SM, Bercik P. Gut bacteria interact directly with colonic mast cells in a humanized mouse model of IBS. Gut Microbes. 2022;14(1):2105095. doi:10.1080/19490976.2022.2105095.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tsou AM, Yano H, Parkhurst CN, Mahlakõiv T, Chu C, Zhang W, He Z, Jarick KJ, Zhong C, Putzel GG, et al. Neuropeptide regulation of non-redundant ILC2 responses at barrier surfaces. Nature. 2022;611(7937):787–793. doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05297-6.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rolland-Fourcade C, Denadai-Souza A, Cirillo C, Lopez C, Jaramillo JO, Desormeaux C, Cenac N, Motta J-P, Larauche M, Taché Y, et al. Epithelial expression and function of trypsin-3 in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut. 2017;66(10):1767–1778. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312094.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar