2,242
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Research Paper

Estradiol mediates colonic epithelial protection in aged mice after stroke and is associated with shifts in the gut microbiome

, , , , , , , , , & ORCID Icon show all
Article: 2271629 | Received 24 May 2023, Accepted 12 Oct 2023, Published online: 01 Nov 2023

References

  • Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, de Ferranti S, Després J-P, Fullerton HJ, Howard VJ, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics—2015 update. Circulation. 2015;131(4):e29. doi:10.1161/CIR.0000000000000152.
  • Chauhan A, Moser H, McCullough Louise D. Sex differences in ischaemic stroke: potential cellular mechanisms. Clin Sci. 2017;131(7):533–14. doi:10.1042/CS20160841.
  • Spychala MS, Honarpisheh P, McCullough LD. Sex differences in neuroinflammation and neuroprotection in ischemic stroke. J Neurosci Res. 2017;95(1–2):462–471. doi:10.1002/jnr.23962.
  • Markle JG, Frank DN, Mortin-Toth S, Robertson CE, Feazel LM, Rolle-Kampczyk U, von Bergen M, McCoy KD, Macpherson AJ, Danska JS, et al. Sex differences in the gut microbiome drive hormone-dependent regulation of autoimmunity. Sci. 2013;339(6123):1084–1088. doi:10.1126/science.1233521.
  • Yurkovetskiy L, Burrows M, Khan AA, Graham L, Volchkov P, Becker L, Antonopoulos D, Umesaki Y, Chervonsky A. Gender bias in autoimmunity is influenced by microbiota. Immunity. 2013;39(2):400–412. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.08.013.
  • Klein SL. The effects of hormones on sex differences in infection: from genes to behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2000;24(6):627–638. doi:10.1016/S0149-7634(00)00027-0.
  • Dhandapani KM, Brann DW. Protective effects of estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators in the brain. Biol Reprod. 2002;67(5):1379–1385. doi:10.1095/biolreprod.102.003848.
  • Green PS, Simpkins JW. Neuroprotective effects of estrogens: potential mechanisms of action. Int J Dev Neurosci. 2000;18:347–358. doi:10.1016/S0736-5748(00)00017-4.
  • Hurn PD, Macrae IM. Estrogen as a neuroprotectant in stroke. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2000;20:631–652. doi:10.1097/00004647-200004000-00001.
  • Murphy S, McCullough L, Littleton-Kearney M, Hurn P. Estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators: neuroprotection in the women’s Health initiative era. Endocrine. 2003;21:17–26. doi:10.1385/ENDO:21:1:17.
  • Wise PM, Dubal DB. Estradiol protects against ischemic brain injury in middle-aged rats. Biol Reprod. 2000;63(4):982–985. doi:10.1095/biolreprod63.4.982.
  • McCullough LD, Alkayed NJ, Traystman RJ, Williams MJ, Hurn PD. Postischemic estrogen reduces hypoperfusion and secondary ischemia after experimental stroke. Stroke. 2001;32(3):796–802. doi:10.1161/01.STR.32.3.796.
  • Harukuni I, Hurn PD, Crain BJ. Deleterious effect of β-estradiol in a rat model of transient forebrain ischemia. Brain Res. 2001;900(1):137–142. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(01)02278-8.
  • Wang L, Kitano H, Hurn PD, Murphy SJ. Estradiol attenuates neuroprotective benefits of isoflurane preconditioning in ischemic mouse brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2008;28:1824–1834. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2008.70.
  • Santizo RA, Xu HL, Ye S, Baughman VL, Pelligrino DA. Loss of benefit from estrogen replacement therapy in diabetic ovariectomized female rats subjected to transient forebrain ischemia. Brain Res. 2002;956(1):86–95. doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(02)03484-4.
  • Liu F, Benashski SE, Xu Y, Siegel M, McCullough LD. Effects of chronic and acute oestrogen replacement therapy in aged animals after experimental stroke. J Neuroendocrinol. 2012;24(2):319–330. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02248.x.
  • Cai M, Ma YL, Qin P, Li Y, Zhang LX, Nie H, Peng Z, Dong H, Dong H-L, Hou W-G, et al. The loss of estrogen efficacy against cerebral ischemia in aged postmenopausal female mice. Neurosci Lett. 2014;558:115–119. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2013.11.007.
  • Paganini-Hill A, Ross RK, Henderson BE. Postmenopausal oestrogen treatment and stroke: a prospective study. BMJ ( Clinical research ed). 1988;297(6647):519–522. doi: 10.1136/bmj.297.6647.519.
  • Hunt K, Vessey M, McPherson K. Mortality in a cohort of long-term users of hormone replacement therapy: an updated analysis. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1990;97(12):1080–1086. doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1990.tb02494.x.
  • Finucane FF, Madans JH, Bush TL, Wolf PH, Kleinman JC. Decreased risk of stroke among postmenopausal hormone users. Results From a National Cohort. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153(1):73–79. doi:10.1001/archinte.153.1.73.
  • Falkeborn M, Persson I, Terént A, Adami HO, Lithell H, Bergström R. Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of stroke. Follow-up of a population-based cohort in Sweden. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153(10):1201–1209. doi:10.1001/archinte.1993.00410100035005.
  • Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, Jackson RD, Beresford SAA, Howard BV, Johnson KC et al. Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the women’s Health initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288(3):321–333. doi:10.1001/jama.288.3.321.
  • Anderson GL, Limacher M, Assaf AR, Bassford T, Beresford SA, Black H, Bonds D, Brunner R, Brzyski R, Caan B et al. Women's Health Initiative Steering Committee. Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the women’s Health initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2004;291(14):1701–1712.
  • Mohammed K, Abu Dabrh AM, Benkhadra K, Al Nofal A, Carranza Leon BG, Prokop LJ, Montori VM, Faubion SS, Murad MH. Oral vs Transdermal estrogen therapy and vascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocr Metab. 2015;100(11):4012–4020. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2237.
  • Marjoribanks J, Farquhar C, Roberts H, Lethaby A, Lee J. Long term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017; 1(1): Cd004143. doi:10.1002/14651858.
  • Viscoli CM, Brass LM, Kernan WN, Sarrel PM, Suissa S, Horwitz RI. A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(17):1243–1249. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa010534.
  • Hodis HN, Mack WJ, Henderson VW, Shoupe D, Budoff MJ, Hwang-Levine J, Li Y, Feng M, Dustin L, Kono N, et al. Vascular effects of Early versus late postmenopausal treatment with Estradiol. N Engl J Med. 2016;374(13):1221–1231. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1505241.
  • Park MJ, Pilla R, Panta A, Pandey S, Sarawichitr B, Suchodolski J, Sohrabji F. Reproductive senescence and ischemic stroke remodel the gut microbiome and modulate the effects of estrogen treatment in female rats. Transl Stroke Res. 2020;11(4):812–830. doi:10.1007/s12975-019-00760-5.
  • Ahnstedt H, Patrizz A, Chauhan A, Roy-O’Reilly M, Furr JW, Spychala MS, D’Aigle J, Blixt FW, Zhu L, Bravo Alegria J, et al. Sex differences in T cell immune responses, gut permeability and outcome after ischemic stroke in aged mice. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;87:556–567. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.02.001.
  • Benakis C, Brea D, Caballero S, Faraco G, Moore J, Murphy M, Sita G, Racchumi G, Ling L, Pamer EG, et al. Commensal microbiota affects ischemic stroke outcome by regulating intestinal γδ T cells. Nat Med. 2016;22(5):516. doi:10.1038/nm.4068.
  • Singh V, Roth S, Llovera G, Sadler R, Garzetti D, Stecher B, Dichgans M, Liesz A. Microbiota dysbiosis controls the neuroinflammatory response after stroke. J Neurosci. 2016;36(28):7428. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1114-16.2016.
  • Spychala MS, Venna VR, Jandzinski M, Doran SJ, Durgan DJ, Ganesh BP, Ajami NJ, Putluri N, Graf J, Bryan RM, et al. Age-related changes in the gut microbiota influence systemic inflammation and stroke outcome. Ann Neurol. 2018;84(1):23–36. doi:10.1002/ana.25250.
  • Lee J, d’Aigle J, Atadja L, Quaicoe V, Honarpisheh P, Ganesh BP, Hassan A, Graf J, Petrosino J, Putluri N, et al. Gut microbiota–derived short-chain fatty acids promote poststroke recovery in aged mice. Circ Res. 2020;127(4):453–465. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.119.316448.
  • Crapser J, Ritzel R, Venna VR, Liu F, Chauhan A, Koellhoffer E, Koellhoffer E, Patel A, Ricker A, Maas K, et al. Ischemic stroke induces gut permeability and enhances bacterial translocation leading to sepsis in aged mice. Aging. 2016;8(5):1049–1063. doi:10.18632/aging.100952.
  • Stanley D, Mason LJ, Mackin KE, Srikhanta YN, Lyras D, Prakash MD, Nurgali K, Venegas A, Hill MD, Moore RJ, et al. Translocation and dissemination of commensal bacteria in post-stroke infection. Nat Med. 2016;22(11):1277–1284. doi:10.1038/nm.4194.
  • Artis D. Epithelial-cell recognition of commensal bacteria and maintenance of immune homeostasis in the gut. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8(6):411. doi:10.1038/nri2316.
  • Ouellette AJ. Paneth cells and innate mucosal immunity. Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2010;26(6):547–553. doi:10.1097/MOG.0b013e32833dccde.
  • Pelaseyed T, Bergström JH, Gustafsson JK, Ermund A, Birchenough GMH, Schütte A, van der Post S, Svensson F, Rodríguez‐Piñeiro AM, Nyström EEL, et al. The mucus and mucins of the goblet cells and enterocytes provide the first defense line of the gastrointestinal tract and interact with the immune system. Immunol Rev. 2014;260(1):8–20. doi:10.1111/imr.12182.
  • Pereira FC, Berry D. Microbial nutrient niches in the gut. Environ Microbiol. 2017;19(4):1366–1378. doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13659.
  • McCullough LD, Hurn PD. Estrogen and ischemic neuroprotection: an integrated view. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2003;14(5):228–235. doi:10.1016/S1043-2760(03)00076-6.
  • Vaishnava S, Yamamoto M, Severson KM, Ruhn KA, Yu X, Koren O, Ley R, Wakeland EK, Hooper LV. The antibacterial lectin RegIIIγ promotes the spatial segregation of microbiota and host in the intestine. Sci. 2011;334(6053):255–258. doi:10.1126/science.1209791.
  • Ismail AS, Severson KM, Vaishnava S, Behrendt CL, Yu X, Benjamin JL, Ruhn KA, Hou B, DeFranco AL, Yarovinsky F, et al. γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes are essential mediators of host–microbial homeostasis at the intestinal mucosal surface. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011;108(21):8743–8748. doi:10.1073/pnas.1019574108.
  • Lee J, Park EJ, Yuki Y, Ahmad S, Mizuguchi K, Ishii KJ, Shimaoka M, Kiyono H. Profiles of microRNA networks in intestinal epithelial cells in a mouse model of colitis. Sci Rep. 2015;5(1):18174. doi:10.1038/srep18174.
  • Lee J, Mohsen A, Banerjee A, McCullough LD, Mizuguchi K, Shimaoka M, Kiyono H, Park EJ. Distinct age-specific miRegulome profiling of isolated small and large intestinal epithelial cells in mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(7):3544. doi:10.3390/ijms22073544.
  • Ismail AS, Behrendt CL, Hooper LV. Reciprocal interactions between commensal bacteria and γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes during mucosal injury. J Immunol. 2009;182(5):3047–3054. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.0802705.
  • Cash HL, Whitham CV, Behrendt CL, Hooper LV. Symbiotic bacteria direct expression of an intestinal bactericidal lectin. Sci. 2006;313(5790):1126–1130. doi:10.1126/science.1127119.
  • AP C. Mucins: a biologically relevant glycan barrier in mucosal protection. Biochim et Biophys Acta (BBA) - Gen Subj. 2015;1850(1):236–252. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.003.
  • Riehl TE, Santhanam S, Foster L, Ciorba M, Stenson WF. CD44 and TLR4 mediate hyaluronic acid regulation of Lgr5+ stem cell proliferation, crypt fission, and intestinal growth in postnatal and adult mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2015;309(11):G874–87. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00123.2015.
  • Yu H, Li Q, Zhou X, Kolosov VP, Perelman JM. Role of hyaluronan and CD44 in reactive oxygen species-induced mucus hypersecretion. Mol Cell Biochem. 2011;352(1–2):65–75. doi:10.1007/s11010-011-0740-6.
  • Magalhães A, Rossez Y, Robbe-Masselot C, Maes E, Gomes J, Shevtsova A, Bugaytsova J, Borén T, Reis CA. Muc5ac gastric mucin glycosylation is shaped by FUT2 activity and functionally impacts Helicobacter pylori binding. Sci Rep. 2016;6(1):25575. doi:10.1038/srep25575.
  • Harmsen H, Prieur D, Jeanthon C. Group-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes to identify thermophilic bacteria in marine hydrothermal vents. Appl Environ Microb. 1997;63(10):4061–4068. doi:10.1128/aem.63.10.4061-4068.1997.
  • Alkayed NJ, Harukuni I, Kimes AS, London ED, Traystman RJ, Hurn PD. Gender-linked brain injury in experimental stroke. Stroke ( discussion 66). 1998;29(1):159–165. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.29.1.159.
  • Liu F, Benashski SE, Xu Y, Siegel M, McCullough LD. Effects of chronic and acute oestrogen replacement therapy in aged animals after experimental stroke. J Neuroendocrinol. 2011;24(2):319–330. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2826.2011.02248.x.
  • Dubal DB, Zhu H, Yu J, Rau SW, Shughrue PJ, Merchenthaler I, Kindy MS, Wise PM. Estrogen receptor α, not β, is a critical link in estradiol-mediated protection against brain injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001;98(4):1952–1957. doi:10.1073/pnas.98.4.1952.
  • Manwani B, Liu F, Scranton V, Hammond MD, Sansing LH, McCullough LD. Differential effects of aging and sex on stroke induced inflammation across the lifespan. Exp Neurol. 2013;249:120–131. doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.08.011.
  • Engevik MA, Luk B, Chang-Graham AL, Hall A, Herrmann B, Ruan W, Endres BT, Shi Z, Garey KW, Hyser JM, et al. Bifidobacterium dentium fortifies the intestinal mucus layer via autophagy and calcium signaling pathways. mBio. 2019;10(3):10. doi:10.1128/mBio.01087-19.
  • Schroeder BO, Birchenough GMH, Ståhlman M, Arike L, Johansson MEV, Hansson GC, Bäckhed F. Bifidobacteria or fiber protects against diet-induced microbiota-mediated colonic mucus deterioration. Cell Host & Microbe. 2018;23(1):27–40.e7. doi:10.1016/j.chom.2017.11.004.
  • Saleh TM, Connell BJ, Legge C, Cribb AE. Estrogen attenuates neuronal excitability in the insular cortex following middle cerebral artery occlusion. Brain Res. 2004;1018(1):119–129. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.05.074.
  • Koren T, Yifa R, Amer M, Krot M, Boshnak N, Ben-Shaanan TL, Azulay-Debby H, Zalayat I, Avishai E, Hajjo H, et al. Insular cortex neurons encode and retrieve specific immune responses. Cell. 2021;184(24):5902–15.e17. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.013.
  • Bullitt E. Expression of c-fos-like protein as a marker for neuronal activity following noxious stimulation in the rat. J Comp Neurol. 1990;296(4):517–530. doi:10.1002/cne.902960402.
  • McCullough LD, Blizzard K, Simpson ER, Öz OK, Hurn PD. Aromatase cytochrome P450 and extragonadal estrogen play a role in ischemic neuroprotection. J Neurosci. 2003;23(25):8701. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.23-25-08701.2003.
  • Liu F, Yuan R, Benashski SE, McCullough LD. Changes in experimental stroke outcome across the life span. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2009;29(4):792–802. doi:10.1038/jcbfm.2009.5.
  • Amabebe E, Anumba DOC. The vaginal microenvironment: the physiologic role of lactobacilli. Front Med. 2018;5:181. doi:10.3389/fmed.2018.00181.
  • Gupta S, Kumar N, Singhal N, Kaur R, Manektala U. Vaginal microflora in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2006;49:457–461.
  • Flores R, Shi J, Gail MH, Gajer P, Ravel J, Goedert JJ, Highlander SK. Association of fecal microbial diversity and taxonomy with selected enzymatic functions. PloS One. 2012;7(6):e39745. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0039745.
  • Acharya KD, Gao X, Bless EP, Chen J, Tetel MJ. Estradiol and high fat diet associate with changes in gut microbiota in female ob/ob mice. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):20192. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-56723-1.
  • Montalbano MJ, Shane Tubbs R. Lateralization of the insular cortex. In: Turgut M, Yurttaş C Tubbs R, editors Island of Reil (insula) in the human brain: anatomical, functional, clinical and surgical aspects. Cham: Springer International Publishing; 2018. pp. 129–132.
  • McCullough LD, Mirza MA, Xu Y, Bentivegna K, Steffens EB, Ritzel R, Liu F. Stroke sensitivity in the aged: sex chromosome complement vs. gonadal hormones. Aging (Albany NY). 2016;8(7):1432–1441. doi:10.18632/aging.100997.
  • Lapchak PA, Zhang JH, Noble-Haeusslein LJ. RIGOR guidelines: escalating STAIR and STEPS for effective translational research. Transl Stroke Res. 2013;4(3):279–285. doi:10.1007/s12975-012-0209-2.
  • McCullough LD, Zeng Z, Blizzard KK, Debchoudhury I, Hurn PD. Ischemic nitric oxide and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 in cerebral ischemia: male toxicity, female protection. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 2005;25:502–512. doi:10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600059.
  • McCullough LD, Roy-O’Reilly M, Lai YJ, Patrizz A, Xu Y, Lee J, Holmes A, Kraushaar DC, Chauhan A, Sansing LH, et al. Exogenous inter-α inhibitor proteins prevent cell death and improve ischemic stroke outcomes in mice. J Clin Invest. 2021;131(17):131. doi:10.1172/JCI144898.
  • Ganesh BP, Hall A, Ayyaswamy S, Nelson JW, Fultz R, Major A, Haag A, Esparza M, Lugo M, Venable S, et al. Diacylglycerol kinase synthesized by commensal Lactobacillus reuteri diminishes protein kinase C phosphorylation and histamine-mediated signaling in the mammalian intestinal epithelium. Mucosal Immunol. 2017;11(2):380–393. doi:10.1038/mi.2017.58.
  • Honarpisheh P, Reynolds CR, Blasco Conesa MP, Moruno Manchon JF, Putluri N, Bhattacharjee MB, Urayama A, McCullough LD, Ganesh BP. Dysregulated gut homeostasis observed prior to the accumulation of the brain amyloid-β in Tg2576 mice. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5):1711. doi:10.3390/ijms21051711.
  • Rosshart SP, Vassallo BG, Angeletti D, Hutchinson DS, Morgan AP, Takeda K, Hickman HD, McCulloch JA, Badger JH, Ajami NJ, et al. Wild mouse gut microbiota promotes host fitness and improves disease resistance. Cell. 2017;171(5):1015–28.e13. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.09.016.
  • Segata N, Izard J, Waldron L, Gevers D, Miropolsky L, Garrett WS, Huttenhower C. Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation. Genome Biol. 2011;12(6):R60. doi:10.1186/gb-2011-12-6-r60.