Experimental investigation of scour around semi-conical piers under steady current action

References

• Achenbach, E., & Heinecke, E. (1981). On vortex shedding from smooth and rough cylinders in the range of Reynolds numbers 6×10 3 to 5×10 6. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 109, 239–251.10.1017/S002211208100102X
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ataie-Ashtiani, B., & Beheshti, A. A. (2006). Experimental investigation of clear-water local scour at pile groups. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 132, 1100–1104.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2006)132:10(1100)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozkus, Z., & Yildiz, O. (2004). Effects of inclination of bridge piers on scouring depth. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130, 827–832.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:8(827)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozkus, Z., & Çeşme, M. (2010). Reduction of scouring depth by using inclined piers. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 37, 1621–1630.10.1139/L10-099
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breusers, H. N. C., & Raudkivi, A. J. (1991). Scouring. Rotterdam: Balkema.
   Google Scholar
• Brown, T. (2008, April 24–26). Confederation bridge ice force monitoring. Proceedings of the 2008, Structures Congress (pp. 1043–1053). Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada: ASCE.
   Google Scholar
• Derradji-Aouat, A. (1994). Ice loads on conical piers- a finite element investigation. International Journal of Offshore and Polar Engineering, 4(1), 1–9.
   Google Scholar
• Ettema, R. (1980). Scour at bridge piers (Rep. No. 216). Auckland: School of Eng., Univ. of Auckland.
   Google Scholar
• Ettema, R., Kirkil, G., & Muste, M. (2006). Similitude of large-scale turbulence in experiments on local scour at cylinders. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 132, 33–40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ettema, R., Melville, B. W., & Barkdoll, B. (1998). Scale effect in pier-scour experiments. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 124, 639–642.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1998)124:6(639)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fredsoe, J., & Sumer, B. M. (1997). Scour at the round head of a rubble-mound break water. Coastal Engineering, 29, 12–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graf, W. H., & Altinakar, M. S. (1998). Fluvial hydraulics. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
   Google Scholar
• Grimaldi, C., Gaudio, R., Calomino, F., & Cardoso, A. H. (2009). Countermeasures against local scouring at bridge piers: Slot and combined system of slot and bed sill. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 135, 425–431.10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hsiao, F. B., Pan, J. Y., & Chiang, C. H. (1992). The study of vortex shedding frequencies behind tapered circular cylinders. FED/vol. 138/PVP vol. 245. Symposium on Flow-Induced Vibration and Noise, ASME, 6, 103–112.
   Google Scholar
• Hsiao, F.-B., & Chiang, C.-H. (1998). Experimental study of cellular shedding vortices behind a tapered circular cylinder. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 17, 179–188.10.1016/S0894-1777(98)00004-1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, V., Raju, K. G., & Vittal, N. (1999). Reduction of local scour around bridge piers using slots and collars. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125, 1302–1305.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:12(1302)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, S. O., & Sturm, T. W. (2009). Effect of sediment size scaling on physical modeling of bridge pier scour. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 135, 793–802.10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000091
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melville, B. W., & Chiew, Y. M. (1999). Time scale for local scour at bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 125, 59–65.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1999)125:1(59)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Melville, B. W., & Sutherland, A. J. (1988). Design method for local scour at bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 114, 1210–1226.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1988)114:10(1210)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, W. (2003). Model for the time rate of local sediment scour at a cylindrical structure (PhD thesis). University of Florida.
   Google Scholar
• Raudkivi, A. J., & Ettema, R. (1983). Clear‐water scour at cylindrical piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 109, 338–350.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1983)109:3(338)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roshko, A. (1955). On the wake and drag of bluff bodies. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 22, 124–135.
   Google Scholar
• Sheppard, D. M., Odeh, M., & Glasser, T. (2004). Large scale clear-water local pier scour experiments. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 130, 957–963.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2004)130:10(957)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumer, B. M., Fredsoe, J., Christiansen, N., & Hensen, S. B. (1994). Bed shear stress and scour around coastal structures. In R. M. Ragan (Ed.), Proc., 24th International Coastal Engineering Conference (pp. 1595–1609). Kobe, Japan: ASCE.
   Google Scholar
• Sumer, B. M., & Fredsoe, J. (2002). The mechanics of scour in the marine environment. Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering, 17, 557.
   Google Scholar
• Yan, Q., Qianjin, Y., Xiangjun, B., & Tuomo, K. (2006). A random ice force model for narrow conical structures. Cold Regions Science and Technology, 45, 148–157.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yanmaz, A. M., & Altinbilek, H. D. (1991). Study of time‐dependent local scour around bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 117, 1247–1268.10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1991)117:10(1247)
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar