Dynamic analysis of rock fall impact for a cantilever rock shed with geofoam cushion

References

• Beckmann, B., Hummeltenberg, A., Weber, T., & Curbach, M. (2012). Strain behaviour of concrete slabs under impact load. Structural Engineering International, 22(4), 562–568. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686612X13363929517893
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhatti, A. Q., & Kishi, N. (2010). Impact response of RC rock-shed girder with sand cushion under falling load. Nuclear Engineering and Design, 240(10), 2626–2632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nucengdes.2010.07.029
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bi, Y-z., He, S-m., Li, X-p., Wu, Y., Xu, Q., Ouyang, C-j., Su, L.-J., & Wang, H. (2016). Geo-engineered buffer capacity of two-layered absorbing system under the impact of rock avalanches based on discrete element method. Journal of Mountain Science, 13(5), 917–929. 10.1007/s11629-014-3354-0
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bozorgzadeh, A., Ashford, S. A., & Restrepo, J. I. (2008). Effect of backfill soil type on stiffness and ultimate capacity of bridge abutments. In Proceedings of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering and Soil Dynamics IV Conference (pp. 1–10). https://doi.org/10.1061/40975(318)168
   Google Scholar
• Breugnot, A., Lambert, S., Villard, P., & Gotteland, P. (2016). A Discrete/continuous coupled approach for modeling impacts on cellular geostructures. Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 49(5), 1831–1848. 10.1007/s00603-015-0886-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calvetti, F. (2011). Rockfall shelters covered by granular layers. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 15(sup1), 73–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/19648189.2011.9695305
   Google Scholar
• Degago, S. A. (2007). Impact tests on sand with numerical modeling emphasizing on the shape of the falling object [MS thesis]. NTNU.
   Google Scholar
• Gupta, A., & Saigal, K. R. (2003). Simple formulation to evaluate surface impacts on buried steel pipelines, vessel and piping stresses (No. 479, p. 43). Welding Research Council Bulletin. https://www.techstreet.com/standards/wrc-479?product_id=2190210#jumps
   Google Scholar
• Hardin, B. O., & Drnevich, V. P. (1972). Shear modulus and damping in soils: Design equations and curves. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, 98(7), 667–692. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSFEAQ.0001760
   Google Scholar
• Ishibashi, I., & Zhang, X. (. (1993). Unified dynamic shear moduli and damping ratios of sand and clay. Soils and Foundations, 33(1), 182–191. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf1972.33.182
   Google Scholar
• Jacquemound, J. (1999). Swiss guideline for the design of rock fall protection galleries: background, safety concept and case histories. In Proc. Japan-Swiss Scientific Seminar on Impact Load by Rock Falls and Design of Protection Structures (pp. 95–102). Kanazawa, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Japan Road Association. (2000). Rock fall control manual. Japan Road Association, 422. (in Japanese).
   Google Scholar
• Kawahara, S., & Muro, T. (2006). Effects of dry density and thickness of sandy soil on impact response due to rockfall. Journal of Terramechanics, 43(3), 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jterra.2005.05.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kentli, B., & Topal, T. (2004). Evaluation of rock excavability and slope stability along a segment of motorway, Pozanti, Turkey. Environmental Geology, 46(1), 83–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-004-1017-0
   Google Scholar
• Khasraghy, G. S. (2011). Numerical simulation of rockfall protection galleries [PhD thesis]. Asian Institute of Technology.
   Google Scholar
• Kishi, N., Ikeda, K., Mikami, H., & Takemoto, S. (1999). A proposed new design procedure for RC rock-sheds. In Proc. Japan-Swiss Scientific Seminar on Impact Load by Rock Falls and Design of Protection Structures (pp. 103–112). Kanazawa, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Labiouse, V., Descoeudres, F., & Montani, S. (1996). Experimental study of rock sheds impacted by rock blocks. Structural Engineering International, 6(3), 171–176. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686696780495536
   Google Scholar
• Li, S., Yao, Y., Ho, I. H., Ma, L., Wang, Q., & Wang, C. (2020). Coupled effect of expanded polystyrene and geogrid on load reduction for high-filled cut-and-cover tunnels using the discrete-element method. International Journal of Geomechanics, 20(6), 04020052. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001683
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meng, X., Jiang, Q., Han, J., & Liu, R. (2022). Experimental investigation of geogrid-reinforced sand cushions for rock sheds against rockfall impact. Transportation Geotechnics, 33, 100717, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trgeo.2022.100717
   Google Scholar
• Montani, S. S., Labouse, V., & Descoeudres, F. (1999). Action of falling blocks impacting rock sheds covered with a soil cushion. In Proc. Japan-Swiss Scientific Seminar on Impact Load by Rock Falls and Design of Protection Structures,(pp. 51–57). Kanazawa, Japan.
   Google Scholar
• Naito, N., Maeda, K., Konno, H., Ushiwatari, Y., Suzuki, K., & Kawase, R. (. (2020). Rockfall impacts on sand cushions with different soil mechanical characteristics using discrete element method. Soils and Foundations, 60(2), 384–397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2020.02.008
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ossa, A., & Romo, M. P. (2009). Micro- and macro-mechanical study of compressive behavior of expanded polystyrene. Geosynthetics International, 16(5), 327–338. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2009.16.5.327
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ouyang, C., Liu, Y., & Wang, D. (2019). Dynamic analysis of rockfall impacts on geogrid reinforced soil and EPS absorption cushions. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 23, 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-018-0704-4
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pichler, B., Hellmich, C., & Mang, H. A. (2005). Protection of infrastructures subjected to rock fall. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials, 16(1), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1515/JMBM.2005.16.1-2.103
   Google Scholar
• Prisco, C. D., & Vecchiotti, M. (2010). Design charts for evaluating impact forces on dissipative granular soil cushions. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 136(11), 1529–1541. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000363
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sangi, A. J., & May, I. M. (2009). High-mass, low-velocity impacts on reinforced concrete slabs. In 7th European LS-Dyna Conference: Proceedings, 14th–15th May 2009, Salzburg, Austria.
   Google Scholar
• Sardana, S., Sharma, P., Verma, A. K., & Singh, T. N. (2021). A case study on the rockfall assessment and stability analysis along Lengpui-Aizawl highway, Mizoram, India. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 13, 12803. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-020-06196-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schellenberg, K., & Vogel, T. (2009). A dynamic design method for rockfall protection galleries. Structural Engineering International, 19(3), 321–326. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686609788957928
   Google Scholar
• Thabet, A., & Haldane, D. (2001). Three-dimensional numerical simulation of the behaviour of standard concrete test specimens when subjected to impact loading. Computers and Structures, 79(1), 21–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(00)00109-7
   Google Scholar
• Vogel, T., Labiouse, V., & Masuya, H. (2009). Rockfall protection as an integral task. Structural Engineering International, 19(3), 304–312. https://doi.org/10.2749/101686609788957856
   Google Scholar
• Wylie, D. (2014). Calibration of rock fall modelling parameters. International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences, 67, 170–180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2013.10.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yan, S., Wang, Y., Wang, D., & He, S. (2022). Application of EPS geofoam in rockfall galleries: Insights from large-scale experiments and FDEM simulations. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 50(4), 677–693. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2022.03.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yoshida, H., Masuya, H., & Ihara, T. (1988). Experimental study of impulsive design load for rock sheds. In IABSE Proceedings P-127/88 (pp. 61–74).
   Google Scholar
• Yoshida, H., Nomura, T., Wyllie, D. C., & Morris, A. J. (2007). Rock fall sheds—Application of Japanese designs in North America. In Proceedings of the 1st North American Landslide Conference, Vail, CO, AEG Special Publication No. 22 (pp. 179–196).
   Google Scholar
• Zineddin, M., & Krauthammer, T. (2007). Dynamic response and behavior of reinforced concrete slabs under impact loading. International Journal of Impact Engineering, 34(9), 1517–1534. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2006.10.012
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar