CFD simulations of flow and dust dispersion in a realistic urban area

References

• Blocken, B., & Persoon, J. (2009). Pedestrian wind comfort around a large football stadium in an urban environment: CFD simulation, validation and application of the new Dutch wind nuisance standard. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 97(5–6), 255–270. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2009.06.007
   Google Scholar
• Blocken, B., Stathopoulos, T., & Carmeliet, J. (2007). CFD simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer: Wall function problems. Atmospheric Environment, 41, 238–252. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.08.019
   Google Scholar
• Brunekreef, B., & Forsberg, B. (2005). Epidemiological evidence of effects of coarse airborne particles on health. European Respiratory Journal, 26(2), 309–318. doi: 10.1183/09031936.05.00001805
   Google Scholar
• Chu, P. C., Chen, Y. C., Lu, S. H., Li, Z. C., & Lu, Y. Q. (2008). Particulate air pollution in Lanzhou China. Environment International, 34(5), 698–713. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2007.12.013
   Google Scholar
• Davidson, M. J., Snyder, W. H., Lawson, J. R. E., & Hunt, J. C. R. (1996). Wind tunnel simulations of plume dispersion through groups of obstacles. Atmospheric Environment, 30(22), 3715–3731. doi: 10.1016/1352-2310(96)00103-3
   Google Scholar
• ESDU. (1974). Characteristics of Atmospheric Turbulence near Ground. Part II: Single point Data for Strong Winds (Neutral Atmosphere). Item No. 74031, Engineering Sciences Data Unit, London.
   Google Scholar
• Fang, G. C., Chang, C. N., Wu, Y. S., Lu, S. C., Pi-Cheng, Fu P., Chang, S. C., … Yuen, W. H. (2002). Concentration of atmospheric particulates during a dust storm period in central Taiwan, Taichung. Science of the Total Environment, 287(1–2), 141–145. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(01)00996-2
   Google Scholar
• Franke, J., Hirsch, C., Jensen, A. G., Krüs, H. W., Schatzmann, M., Westbury, P. S., … Wright, N. G. (2004). Recommendations on the use of CFD in wind engineering, COST Action C14, Impact of Wind and Storm on City Life Built Environment.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia, S. A. P., Beeck, J. V., Rambaud, P., & Olivar, D. (2002). Numerical and experimental modelling of pollutant dispersion in a street canyon. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 90(4–5), 321–339. doi: 10.1016/S0167-6105(01)00215-X
   Google Scholar
• Janhäll, S. (2015). Review on urban vegetation and particle air pollution–Deposition and dispersion[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 105, 130–137. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2015.01.052
   Google Scholar
• Maxey, M. R., & Riley, J. J. (1983). Equation of motion for a small rigid sphere in a nonuniform flow. Physics of Fluids, 26, 883–891. doi: 10.1063/1.864230
   Google Scholar
• Meng, Z. Q., & Lu, B. (2007). Dust events as a risk factor for daily hospitalization for respiratory and cardiovascular diseases in Minqin China. Atmospheric Environment, 41(33), 7048–7058. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.05.006
   Google Scholar
• Montazeri, H., Blocken, B., & Hensen, J. L. M. (2015). CFD analysis of the impact of physical parameters on evaporative cooling by a mist spray system. Applied Thermal Engineering, 75, 608–622. doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.09.078
   Google Scholar
• Morsi, S. A., & Alexander, A. J. (1972). An investigation of particle trajectories in two-phase flow systems[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 55(02), 193–208. doi: 10.1017/S0022112072001806
   Google Scholar
• Oke, T. R. (1981). Canyon geometry and the nocturnal urban heat island: Comparison of scale model and field observations. International Journal of Climatology, 1(3), 237–254. doi: 10.1002/joc.3370010304
   Google Scholar
• Richards, P. J., & Hoxey, R. P. (1993). Appropriate boundary conditions for computational wind engineering models using the k-ε turbulence model. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 46&47, 145–153. doi: 10.1016/0167-6105(93)90124-7
   Google Scholar
• Sadiq, A.-B. M. A. R. (2014). CFD modeling of dust dispersion through Najaf historic city centre[J]. International Journal of Energy & Environment, 5(6), 723–728.
   Google Scholar
• Shao, Y., & Dong, C. H. (2006). A review on East Asian dust storm climate, modelling and monitoring. Global Planet Change, 52(1–4), 1–22. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.02.011
   Google Scholar
• Shih, T., Liou, W. W., Shabbir, A., Yang, Z., & Zhu, J. (1995). A new k-ϵ eddy viscosity model for high reynolds number turbulent flows. Computers & Fluids, 24(3), 227–238. doi: 10.1016/0045-7930(94)00032-T
   Google Scholar
• Song, Z. X. (2004). A numerical simulation of dust storms in China. Environmental Modelling and Software, 19(2), 141–151. doi: 10.1016/S1364-8152(03)00116-6
   Google Scholar
• Sun, J., Zhang, M., & Liu, T. (2001). Spatial and temporal characteristics of dust storms in China and its surrounding regions, 1901–1999: Relations to source area and climate. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 106(10), 325–333.
   Google Scholar
• Sun, J. H., Zhao, L. N., Zhao, S. X., & Zhang, R. J. (2006). An integrated dust storm prediction system suitable for east Asia and its simulation results. Global and Planetary Change, 52(1–4), 71–87. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.02.005
   Google Scholar
• Tominaga, Y., Mochida, A., Yoshie, R., Kataoka, H., Nozu, T., Yoshikawa, M., & Shirasawa, T. (2008). AIJ guidelines for practical applications of CFD to pedestrian wind environment around buildings. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 96(10–11), 1749–1761. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2008.02.058
   Google Scholar
• Tseng, Y. H., Meneveau, C., & Parlange, M. B. (2006). Modeling flow around bluff bodies and predicting urban dispersion using large eddy simulation. Environmental Science & Technology, 40(8), 2653–2662. doi: 10.1021/es051708m
   Google Scholar
• Wang, W., Liu, H. J., Yue, X., Li, H., Chen, J. H., & Tang, D. G. (2005). Study on size distributions of airborne particles by aircraft observation in spring over eastern coastal areas of China. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 22(3), 328–336. doi: 10.1007/BF02918746
   Google Scholar
• Wang, X. M., Dong, Z. B., Zhang, J. W., & Liu, L. C. (2004). Modern dust storms in China: An overview. Journal of Arid Environments, 58(4), 559–574. doi: 10.1016/j.jaridenv.2003.11.009
   Google Scholar
• Wieringa, J. (1993). Representative roughness parameters for homogeneous terrain. Boundary-layer Meteorology, 63, 323–363. doi: 10.1007/BF00705357
   Google Scholar
• Xie, J. B., Yang, C. W., Zhou, B., & Huang, Q. Y. (2010). High-performance computing for the simulation of dust storms. Computers, Environment and Urban Systems, 34(4), 278–290. doi: 10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2009.08.002
   Google Scholar
• Yoshie, R., Mochida, A., Tominaga, Y., Kataoka, H., Harimoto, K., Nozu, T., & Shirasawa, T. (2007). Cooperative project for CFD prediction of pedestrian wind environment in the Architectural Institute of Japan. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics The Fourth European and African Conference on Wind Engineering, 95(9–11), 1551–1578. doi: 10.1016/j.jweia.2007.02.023
   Google Scholar
• Zhao, L. N., & Zhao, S. X. (2006). Diagnosis and simulation of a rapidly developing cyclone related to a severe dust storm in East Asia. Global and Planetary Change, 52(1–4), 105–120. doi: 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.02.003
   Google Scholar
• Zheng, D., Zhang, A., & Gu, M. (2012). Improvement of inflow boundary condition in large eddy simulation of flow around tall building[J]. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 6(4), 633–647. doi: 10.1080/19942060.2012.11015448
   Google Scholar
• Zhuang, G. S., Guo, J. H., Yuan, H., & Zhao, C. Y. (2001). The compositions, sources, and size distribution of the dust storm from China in spring of 2000 and its impact on the global environment. Chinese Science Bulletin, 46(3), 895–900. doi: 10.1007/BF02900460
   Google Scholar