Optimization of performance and emission of compression ignition engine fueled with propylene glycol and biodiesel–diesel blends using artificial intelligence method of ANN-GA-RSM

References

• Abdalla, A. O., & Liu, D. (2018). Dimethyl carbonate as a promising oxygenated fuel for combustion: A review. Energies, 11(6), p.1552. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061552
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agatonovic-Kustrin, S., & Beresford, R. (2000). Basic concepts of artificial neural network (ANN) modeling and its application in pharmaceutical research. Journal of Pharmaceutical Biomedical Analysis, 22(5), 717–727. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0731-7085(99)00272-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akbarian, E., & Najafi, B. (2019). A novel fuel containing glycerol triacetate additive, biodiesel and diesel blends to improve dual-fuelled diesel engines performance and exhaust emissions. Fuel, 236, 666–676. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.08.142
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, O. M., Mamat, R., Najafi, G., Yusaf, T., & Safieddin Ardebili, S. M. (2015). Optimization of biodiesel-diesel blended fuel properties and engine performance with ether additive using statistical analysis and response surface methods. Energies, 8(12), 14136–14150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/en81212420
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Amid, S., & Mesri Gundoshmian, T. (2017). Prediction of output energies for broiler production using linear regression, ANN (MLP, RBF), and ANFIS models. Environmental Progress Sustainable Energy, 36(2), 577–585. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12448
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armas, O., García-Contreras, R., & Ramos, Á. (2012). Pollutant emissions from engine starting with ethanol and butanol diesel blends. Fuel Processing Technology, 100, 63–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2012.03.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Armas, O., García-Contreras, R., & Ramos, Á. (2014). Pollutant emissions from New European driving cycle with ethanol and butanol diesel blends. Fuel Processing Technology, 122, 64–71. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.01.023
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Atmanli, A., Ileri, E., Yuksel, B., & Yilmaz, N. (2015). Extensive analyses of diesel–vegetable oil–n-butanol ternary blends in a diesel engine. Applied Energy, 145, 155–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.071
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balamurugan, T., & Nalini, R. (2014). Experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of four stroke diesel engine using diesel blended with alcohol as fuel. Energy, 78, 356–363. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2014.10.020
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Balasubramaniyan, K., Balashanmugam, P., Raghupathy, A., & Balasubramanian, G. (2013). Studies on emission characteristics of diesel engine run using diesel di methoxy ethane blend fuel. Int J Sci Eng Technol Res, 2(11), 2031–2037.
   Google Scholar
• Barrett, S. (2011). European expert group reports on future transport fuels. Fuel Cells Bulletin, 2011(2), 12–16. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S1464-2859(11)70096-7
   Google Scholar
• Bertola, A., & Boulouchos, K. (2000). ). Oxygenated fuels for particulate emissions reduction in heavy-duty DI-diesel engines with common-rail fuel injection. SAE transactions, 2705-2715.
   Google Scholar
• Botros, M. G. (1997). Enhancing the cold flow behavior of diesel fuels. SAE transactions, 1203-1233.
   Google Scholar
• Box, G. E., & Wilson, K. B. (1951). On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series b, 13(1), 1–38. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2517-6161.1951.tb00067.x
   Google Scholar
• Casas, A., Ruiz, J. R., Ramos, M. a. J. s., & Pérez, A. (2010). Effects of triacetin on biodiesel quality. Energy & Fuels, 24(8), 4481–4489. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/ef100406b
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, Y.-C., Lee, W.-J., Lin, S.-L., & Wang, L.-C. (2013). Green energy: Water-containing acetone–butanol– ethanol diesel blends fueled in diesel engines. Applied Energy, 109, 182–191. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.086
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheung, C., Zhu, L., & Huang, Z. (2009). Regulated and unregulated emissions from a diesel engine fueled with biodiesel and biodiesel blended with methanol. Atmospheric Environment, 43(32), 4865–4872. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmos-env.2009.07.021
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Choi, B., Jiang, X., Kim, Y. K., Jung, G., Lee, C., Choi, I., & Song, C. S. (2015). Effect of diesel fuel blend with n-butanol on the emission of a turbocharged common rail direct injection diesel engine. Applied Energy, 146, 20–28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.061
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coniglio, L., Bennadji, H., Glaude, P. A., Herbinet, O., & Billaud, F. (2013). Combustion chemical kinetics of biodiesel and related compounds (methyl and ethyl esters): experiments and modeling–advances and future refinements. Progress in Energy Combustion Science, 39(4), 340–382. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2013.03.002
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dec, J. E. (1997). A conceptual model of DL diesel combustion based on laser-sheet imaging. SAE transactions, 1319–1348.
   Google Scholar
• Doğan, O. (2011). The influence of n-butanol/diesel fuel blends utilization on a small diesel engine performance and emissions. Fuel, 90(7), 2467–2472. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.02.033
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faizollahzadeh Ardabili, S., Najafi, B., Alizamir, M., Mosavi, A., Shamshirband, S., & Rabczuk, T. (2018). Using SVM-RSM and ELM-RSM approaches for optimizing the production process of methyl and ethyl esters. Energies, 11(11), p. 2889. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/en11112889
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faizollahzadeh Ardabili, S., Najafi, B., & Shamshirband, S. (2019). Fuzzy logic method for the prediction of cetane number using carbon number, double bounds, iodic, and saponification values of biodiesel fuels. Environmental Progress Sustainable Energy, 38(2), 584–599. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12960
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Faizollahzadeh Ardabili, S., Najafi, B., Shamshirband, S., Minaei Bidgoli, B., Deo, R. C., & Chau, K.-w. (2018). Computational intelligence approach for modeling hydrogen production: A review. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 12(1), 438–458. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2018.1452296
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fang, Q., Fang, J., Zhuang, J., & Huang, Z. (2013). Effects of ethanol–diesel–biodiesel blends on combustion and emissions in premixed low temperature combustion. Applied Thermal Engineering, 54(2), 541–548. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.01.042
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Farkade, H., & Pathre, A. (2012). Experimental investigation of methanol, ethanol and butanol blends with gasoline on SI engine. International Journal of Emerging Technology Advanced Engineering, 2(4), 205–215.
   Google Scholar
• Ferreira, V. P., Martins, J., Torres, E. A., Pepe, I. M., & De Souza, J. M. R. (2013). Performance and emissions analysis of additional ethanol injection on a diesel engine powered with A blend of diesel-biodiesel. Energy for Sustainable Development, 17(6), 649–657. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esd.2013.08.005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Górski, K., Lotko, W., & Swat, M. (2010). Particulate matter emission from diesel engine fuelled with blends of diesel oil and ethyl tert-butyl ether. Archiwum Motoryzacji, Nr 2(1), 119–126.
   Google Scholar
• Happonen, M., Heikkilä, J., Aakko-Saksa, P., Murtonen, T., Lehto, K., Rostedt, A., Sarjovaara, T., Larmi, M., Keskinen, J., & Virtanen, A. (2013). Diesel exhaust emissions and particle hygroscopicity with HVO fuel-oxygenate blend. Fuel, 103, 380–386. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2012.09.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hebbar, G. S., & Bhat, A. K. (2013). Control of NO x from a DI diesel engine with hot EGR and ethanol fumigation: An experimental investigation. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 14(3), 333–341. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-013-0037-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herreros, J., Schroer, K., Sukjit, E., & Tsolakis, A. (2015). Extending the environmental benefits of ethanol–diesel blends through DGE incorporation. Applied Energy, 146, 335–343. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.02.075
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• How, H., Masjuki, H., Kalam, M., & Teoh, Y. (2014). Engine performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a common-rail diesel engine fuelled with bioethanol as a fuel additive in coconut oil biodiesel blends. Energy Procedia, 61, 1655–1659. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.12.185. http://www.merckmillipore.com/INTL/en/product/12-Pr-opanediol, http://www.merckmillipore.com/INTL/en/prod-uct/12-Propanediol,MDA_CHEM-822324.
   Google Scholar
• Ilkılıç, C., Aydın, S., Behcet, R., & Aydin, H. (2011). Biodiesel from safflower oil and its application in a diesel engine. Fuel Processing Technology, 92(3), 356–362. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2010.09.028
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imdadul, H., Masjuki, H., Kalam, M., Zulkifli, N., Alabdulkarem, A., Rashed, M., Teoh, Y., & How, H. (2016). Higher alcohol–biodiesel–diesel blends: An approach for improving the performance, emission, and combustion of a light-duty diesel engine. Energy Conversion Management, 111, 174–185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.12.066
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jannatkhah, J., Najafi, B., & Ghaebi, H. (2019). Thermodynamic analysis of a four-stroke compression ignition engine fueled by corn biodiesel blends and pure diesel. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, Environmental Effects, 12(5), 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2019.1670758.
   Google Scholar
• Khuri, A. I., & Mukhopadhyay, S. (2010). Response surface methodology. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics, 2(2), 128–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.73
   Google Scholar
• Krzyżanowski, M., Kuna-Dibbert, B., & Schneider, J. (2005). Health effects of transport-related air pollution. WHO Regional Office Europe.
   Google Scholar
• Kumar, S., Cho, J. H., Park, J., & Moon, I. (2013). Advances in diesel–alcohol blends and their effects on the performance and emissions of diesel engines. Renewable Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22, 46–72. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.01.017
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar, C., Rana, K. B., & Tripathi, B. (2019). Effect of diesel-methanol-nitromethane blends combustion on VCR stationary CI engine performance and exhaust emissions. Environmental Science Pollution Research, 26(7), 6517–6531. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-04058-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labeckas, G., Slavinskas, S., & Mažeika, M. (2014). The effect of ethanol–diesel–biodiesel blends on combustion, performance and emissions of a direct injection diesel engine. Energy Conversion Management, 79, 698–720. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2013.12.064
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCulloch, W. S., & Pitts, W. (1943). A logical calculus of the ideas immanent in nervous activity. The Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, 5(4), 115–133. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02478259
   Google Scholar
• Mehta, B. H., Mandalia, H. V., & Mistry, A. B. (2011). A review on effect of oxygenated fuel additive on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine. (Ed.), (Eds.). National conference on recent trends in engineering & technology.
   Google Scholar
• Murcak, A., Haşimoğlu, C., Çevik, İ, Karabektaş, M., & Ergen, G. (2013). Effects of ethanol–diesel blends to performance of a DI diesel engine for different injection timings. Fuel, 109, 582–587. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.03.014
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nabi, M. N., & Chowdhury, M. W. (2006). Improvement of engine performance using diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM) as additive. Jurnal Teknologi, 44(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v44.350
   Google Scholar
• Najafi, B., Akbarian, E., Lashkarpour, S. M., Aghbashlo, M., Ghaziaskar, H. S., & Tabatabaei, M. (2019). Modeling of a dual fueled diesel engine operated by a novel fuel containing glycerol triacetate additive and biodiesel using artificial neural network tuned by genetic algorithm to reduce engine emissions. Energy, 168, 1128–1137. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.11.142
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najafi, B., & Ardabili, S. F. (2018). Application of ANFIS, ANN, and logistic methods in estimating biogas production from spent mushroom compost (SMC). Resources, Conservation Recycling, 133, 169–178. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.02.025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najafi, B., Faizollahzadeh Ardabili, S., Mosavi, A., Shamshirband, S., & Rabczuk, T. (2018). An intelligent artificial neural network-response surface methodology method for accessing the optimum biodiesel and diesel fuel blending conditions in a diesel engine from the viewpoint of exergy and energy analysis. Energies, 11(4), 860. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/en11040860
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najafi, B., Faizollahzadeh Ardabili, S., Shamshirband, S., Chau, K.-w., & Rabczuk, T. (2018). Application of ANNs, ANFIS and RSM to estimating and optimizing the parameters that affect the yield and cost of biodiesel production. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 12(1), 611–624. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2018.1502688
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Papagiannakis, R., Hountalas, D., & Rakopoulos, C. (2007). Theoretical study of the effects of pilot fuel quantity and its injection timing on the performance and emissions of a dual fuel diesel engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 48(11), 2951–2961. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2007.07.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patil, A., & Taji, S. (2013). Effect of oxygenated fuel additive on diesel engine performance and emission: A review. IOSR Journal of Mechanical Civil Engineering, 1(1), 30–35.
   Google Scholar
• Rakopoulos, D., Rakopoulos, C., Giakoumis, E., Dimaratos, A., & Kyritsis, D. (2010). Effects of butanol–diesel fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a high-speed DI diesel engine. Energy Conversion and Management, 51(10), 1989–1997. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2010.02.032
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ramakrishnan, P., Kasimani, R., & Peer, M. S. (2018). Optimization in the performance and emission parameters of a DI diesel engine fuelled with pentanol added Calophyllum inophyllum/diesel blends using response surface methodology. Environmental Science Pollution Research, 25(29), 29115–29128. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-018-2867-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rao, P., & Rao, B. (2011). Effect of adding triacetin additive with Coconut oil methyl ester (COME) in performance and emission characteristics of DI diesel engine. Int. J. of Thermal Tech, 5(11), 100–106.
   Google Scholar
• Shi, X., Pang, X., Mu, Y., He, H., Shuai, S., Wang, J., Chen, H., & Li, R. (2006). Emission reduction potential of using ethanol–biodiesel–diesel fuel blend on a heavy-duty diesel engine. Atmospheric Environment, 40(14), 2567–2574. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.12.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamilvanan, A., Balamurugan, K., Mohanraj, T., Selvakumar, P., & Madhankumar, B. (2020). Parameter optimization of copper nanoparticle synthesis by electrodeposition process using RSM and CS. Materials Today: Proceedings, (8). Article in press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.02.801.
   Google Scholar
• Tsolakis, A., Megaritis, A., Wyszynski, M., & Theinnoi, K. (2007). Engine performance and emissions of a diesel engine operating on diesel-RME (rapeseed methyl ester) blends with EGR (exhaust gas recirculation). Energy, 32(11), 2072–2080. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2007.05.016
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Whitley, D., Starkweather, T., & Bogart, C. (1990). Genetic algorithms and neural networks: Optimizing connections and connectivity. Parallel Computing, 14(3), 347–361. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-8191(90)90086-O
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yesilyurt, M. K., Yilbasi, Z., & Aydin, M. (2020). The performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics of an unmodified diesel engine running on the ternary blends of pentanol/safflower oil biodiesel/diesel fuel. Journal of Thermal Analysis Calorimetry, 140(1), 1–40. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-020-09376-6.
   Google Scholar
• Yilmaz, N., Vigil, F. M., Benalil, K., Davis, S. M., & Calva, A. (2014). Effect of biodiesel–butanol fuel blends on emissions and performance characteristics of a diesel engine. Fuel, 135, 46–50. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.06.022
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar