378
Views
12
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

The influence of Lidocaine temperature on pain during subcutaneous injection

, , , , , , & show all
Pages 118-121 | Received 14 Jan 2016, Accepted 21 Apr 2016, Published online: 17 Jun 2016

References

  • Waldbillig DK, Quinn JV, Stiell IG, Wells GA. Randomized double-blind controlled trial comparing room-temperature and heated Lidocaine for digital nerve block. Ann Emerg Med 1995;26:677–81.
  • Cepeda MS, Tzortzopoulou A, Thackrey M, et al. Adjusting the pH of lidocaine for reducing pain on injection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;Cd006581. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006581.pub2.
  • Edlich RF, Smith JF, Mayer NE, et al. Performance of disposable needle syringe systems for local anesthesia. J Emerg Med 1987;5:83–90.
  • Watts AC, McEachan J. The use of a fine-gauge needle to reduce pain in open carpal tunnel decompression: a randomized controlled trial. J Hand Surg Br 2005;30:615–17.
  • Krause RS, Moscati R, Filice M, et al. The effect of injection speed on the pain of lidocaine infiltration. Acad Emerg Med 1997;4:1032–5.
  • Hamelin ND, St-Amand H, Lalonde DH, et al. Decreasing the pain of finger block injection: level II evidence. Hand (New York, NY) 2013;8:67–70.
  • Hogan M-E, vanderVaart S, Perampaladas K, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effect of warming local anesthetics on injection pain. Ann Emerg Med 2011;58:86–98.
  • Colaric KB, Overton DT, Moore K. Pain reduction in lidocaine administration through buffering and warming. Am J Emerg Med 1998;16:353–6.
  • Johansen RB, Schafer NC, Brown PI. Effect of extreme temperatures on drugs for prehospital ACLS. Am J Emerg Med 1993;11:450–2.
  • Powell M. Stability of Lidocaine in aqueous solution: effect of temperature, pH, buffer, and metal ions on amide hydrolysis. Pharm Res 1987;4:42–5.
  • Davidson JA, Boom SJ. Warming lignocaine to reduce pain associated with injection. BMJ 1992;305:617–18.
  • Cragg AH, Berbaum K, Smith TP. A prospective blinded trial of warm and cold lidocaine for intradermal injection. Am J Roentgenol 1988;150:1183–4.
  • Cheng J, Edwards LJ, Maldonado-Molina MM, et al. Real longitudinal data analysis for real people: building a good enough mixed model. Stat Med 2010;29:504–20.
  • Allen MJ, Bunce C, Presland AH. The effect of warming local anaesthetic on the pain of injection during sub-Tenon's anaesthesia for cataract surgery. Anaesthesia 2008;63:276–8.
  • Dalton AM, Sharma A, Redwood M, et al. Does the warming of local anaesthetic reduce the pain of its injection? Arch Emerg Med 1989;6:247–50.
  • Yiannakopoulos CK. Carpal ligament decompression under local anaesthesia: the effect of lidocaine warming and alkalinisation on infiltration pain. J Hand Surg Br 2004;29:32–4.
  • Powell CV, Kelly A-M, Williams A. Determining the minimum clinically significant difference in visual analog pain score for children. Ann Emerg Med 2001;37:28–31.
  • Todd KH, Funk KG, Funk JP, Bonacci R. Clinical significance of reported changes in pain severity. Ann Emerg Med 1996;27:485–9.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.