Preventing PTSD with oxytocin: effects of oxytocin administration on fear neurocircuitry and PTSD symptom development in recently trauma-exposed individuals

References

• Acheson, D., Feifel, D., de Wilde, S., Mckinney, R., Lohr, J., & Risbrough, V. (2013). The effect of intranasal oxytocin treatment on conditioned fear extinction and recall in a healthy human sample. Psychopharmacology, 229(1), 1–13. doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3130-9
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Acheson, D. T., Feifel, D., Kamenski, M., Mckinney, R., & Risbrough, V. B. (2015). Intranasal oxytocin administration prior to exposure therapy for arachnophobia impedes treatment response. Depression and Anxiety, 32(6), 400–407. doi:10.1002/da.22362
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Admon, R., Lubin, G., Stern, O., Rosenberg, K., Sela, L., Ben-Ami, H., & Hendler, T. (2009). Human vulnerability to stress depends on amygdala’s predisposition and hippocampal plasticity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 106(33), 14120–14125. doi:10.1073/pnas.0903183106
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Admon, R., Milad, M. R., & Hendler, T. (2013). A causal model of post-traumatic stress disorder: Disentangling predisposed from acquired neural abnormalities. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(7), 337–347. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2013.05.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baldwin, D. S., Anderson, I. M., Nutt, D. J., Allgulander, C., Bandelow, B., den Boer, J. A., … Wittchen, H.-U. (2014). Evidence-based pharmacological treatment of anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder: A revision of the 2005 guidelines from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. Journal of Psychopharmacology (Oxford, England), 28(5), 403–439. doi:10.1177/0269881114525674
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Benjet, C., Bromet, E., Karam, E. G., Kessler, R. C., McLaughlin, K. A., Ruscio, A. M., … Koenen, K. C. (2015). The epidemiology of traumatic event exposure worldwide: Results from the World Mental Health Survey Consortium. Psychological Medicine, 46(2), 1–17.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bertsch, K., Gamer, M., Schmidt, B., Schmidinger, I., Walther, S., Kästel, T., … Herpertz, S. C. (2013). Oxytocin and reduction of social threat hypersensitivity in women with borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(10), 1169–1177. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13020263
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boccia, M. L., Petrusz, P., Suzuki, K., Marson, L., & Pedersen, C. A. (2013). Immunohistochemical localization of oxytocin receptors in human brain. Neuroscience, 253 (October 2016), 155–164. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.08.046
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bradley, R., Greene, J., Russ, E., Dutra, L., & Westen, D. (2005). A multidimensional meta-analysis of psychotherapy for PTSD. American Journal of Psychiatry, 162(2), 214–227. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.2.214
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(5), 748–766. doi:10.1037/0022-006X.68.5.748
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin, C. R., Rose, S., Andrews, B., Green, J., Tata, P., McEvedy, C., … Foa, E. B. (2002). Brief screening instrument for post-traumatic stress disorder. The British Journal of Psychiatry; the Journal of Mental Science, 181, 158–162.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brunet, A., Weiss, D. S., Metzler, T. J., Best, S. R., Neylan, T. C., Rogers, C., & Marmar, C. R. (2001). The peritraumatic distress inventory: A proposed measure of PTSD criterion A2. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(9), 1480–1485. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.9.1480
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Burghardt, N. S., & Bauer, E. P. (2013). Acute and chronic effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment on fear conditioning: Implications for underlying fear circuits. Neuroscience, 247, 253–272. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.05.050
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso, C., Kingdon, D., & Ellenbogen, M. A. (2014). A meta-analytic review of the impact of intranasal oxytocin administration on cortisol concentrations during laboratory tasks: Moderation by method and mental health. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 49, 161–170. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.07.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cardoso, C., Valkanas, H., Serravalle, L., & Ellenbogen, M. A. (2016). Oxytocin and social context moderate social support seeking in women during negative memory recall. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 70, 63–69. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carson, D. S., Yuan, H., & Labuschagne, I. (2016). Improving research standards to restore trust in intranasal oxytocin. Biological Psychiatry, 79(8), e53–e54. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.08.031
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carter, C. S. (1998). Neuroendocrine perspectives on social attachment and love. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 23(8),  779–818.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, H., Kaplan, Z., Kozlovsky, N., Gidron, Y., Matar, M. A., & Zohar, J. (2010). Hippocampal microinfusion of oxytocin attenuates the behavioural response to stress by means of dynamic interplay with the glucocorticoid-catecholamine responses. Journal of Neuroendocrinology, 22(8), 889–904.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coronas, R., Gallardo, O., Moreno, M. J., Suárez, D., García-Parés, G., & Menchón, J. M. (2011). Heart rate measured in the acute aftermath of trauma can predict post-traumatic stress disorder: A prospective study in motor vehicle accident survivors. European Psychiatry, 26(8), 508–512. doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.06.006
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Jong, T. R., Menon, R., Bludau, A., Grund, T., Biermeier, V., Klampfl, S. M., … Neumann, I. D. (2015). Salivary oxytocin concentrations in response to running, sexual self-stimulation, breastfeeding and the TSST: The Regensburg Oxytocin Challenge (ROC) study. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 62, 381–388. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.08.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Vries, G.-J., & Olff, M. (2009). The lifetime prevalence of traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in the Netherlands. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 22(4), 259–267. doi:10.1002/jts.v22:4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Delahanty, D. L., Gabert-Quillen, C., Ostrowski, S. A., Nugent, N. R., Fischer, B., Morris, A., … Fallon, W. (2013). The efficacy of initial hydrocortisone administration at preventing posttraumatic distress in adult trauma patients: A randomized trial. CNS Spectrums, 18(2), 103–111. doi:10.1017/S1092852913000096
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodhia, S., Hosanagar, A., Fitzgerald, D. A., Labuschagne, I., Wood, A. G., Nathan, P. J., & Phan, K. L. (2014). Modulation of resting-state amygdala-frontal functional connectivity by oxytocin in generalized social anxiety disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 39(9), 2061–2069. doi:10.1038/npp.2014.53
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Domes, G., Lischke, A., Berger, C., Grossmann, A., Hauenstein, K., Heinrichs, M., & Herpertz, S. C. (2010). Effects of intranasal oxytocin on emotional face processing in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35(1), 83–93. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.12.003
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eckstein, M., Becker, B., Scheele, D., Scholz, C., Preckel, K., Schlaepfer, T. E., … Hurlemann, R. (2015). Oxytocin facilitates the extinction of conditioned fear in humans. Biological Psychiatry, 78(3), 194–202. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elzinga, B. M., & Bremner, J. D. (2002). Are the neural substrates of memory the final common pathway in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)? Journal of Affective Disorders, 70(1), 1–17. doi:10.1016/S0165-0327(01)00351-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eskandarian, S., Vafaei, A. A., Vaezi, G. H., Taherian, F., Kashefi, A., & Rashidy-Pour, A. (2013). Effects of systemic administration of oxytocin on contextual fear extinction in a rat model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 4(4), 315–322.
   Google Scholar
• Feldman, R. (2012). Oxytocin and social affiliation in humans. Hormones and Behavior, 61(3), 380–391. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.01.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Feldman, R., Gordon, I., Schneiderman, I., Weisman, O., & Zagoory-Sharon, O. (2010). Natural variations in maternal and paternal care are associated with systematic changes in oxytocin following parent-infant contact. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35(8), 1133–1141. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.12.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes, D., Parslow, R., Creamer, M., O’Donnell, M., Bryant, R., McFarlane, A., … Shalev, A. (2010). A longitudinal analysis of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and their relationship with fear and anxious-misery disorders: Implications for DSM-V. Journal of Affective Disorders, 127(1–3), 147–152. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijling, J. L., van Zuiden, M., Koch, S. B. J., Nawijn, L., Veltman, D. J., & Olff, M. (2016a). Effects of intranasal oxytocin on amygdala reactivity to emotional faces in recently trauma-exposed individuals. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(2), 327–336. doi:10.1093/scan/nsv116
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijling, J. L., van Zuiden, M., Koch, S. B. J., Nawijn, L., Goslings, J. C., Luitse, J. S., … Denys, D. (2014a). Efficacy of oxytocin administration early after psychotrauma in preventing the development of PTSD: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry, 14(1), 92. doi:10.1186/1471-244X-14-92
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijling, J. L., van Zuiden, M., Koch, S. B. J., Nawijn, L., Veltman, D. J., & Olff, M. (2016b). Intranasal oxytocin affects amygdala functional connectivity after trauma script-driven imagery in distressed recently trauma-exposed individuals. Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(5), 1286–1296. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.278
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Frijling, J. L., van Zuiden, M., Koch, S. B. J., Nawijn, L., Veltman, D. J., & Olff, M. (2014b). Promoting resilience after trauma: Clinical stimulation of the oxytocin system. In M. Kent, C. Davis, & J. W. Reich (Eds.), The resilience handbook: Approaches to stress and trauma (pp. 299–308). New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Galatzer-Levy, I. R., Ankri, Y., Freedman, S., Israeli-Shalev, Y., Roitman, P., Gilad, M., & Shalev, A. Y. (2013). Early PTSD symptom trajectories: Persistence, recovery, and response to treatment: Results from the Jerusalem Trauma Outreach and Prevention Study (J-TOPS). PLoS One, 8(8), e70084. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0070084
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gelpin, E., Bonne, O., Peri, T., Brandes, D., & Shalev, A. Y. (1996). Treatment of recent trauma survivors with benzodiazepines: A prospective study. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 57(9), 390–394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Graugaard-Jensen, C., Hvistendahl, G. M., Frøkiaer, J., Bie, P., & Djurhuus, J. C. (2014). Urinary concentration does not exclusively rely on plasma vasopressin. A study between genders. Gender and diurnal urine regulation. Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England), 212(1), 97–105. doi:10.1111/apha.12337
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Groppe, S. E., Gossen, A., Rademacher, L., Hahn, A., Westphal, L., Gründer, G., & Spreckelmeyer, K. N. (2013). Oxytocin influences processing of socially relevant cues in the ventral tegmental area of the human brain. Biological Psychiatry, 74(3), 172–179. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.12.023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heinrichs, M., Baumgartner, T., Kirschbaum, C., & Ehlert, U. (2003). Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress. Biological Psychiatry, 54, 1389–1398. doi:10.1016/S0006-3223(03)00465-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoge, E. A., Worthington, J. J., Nagurney, J. T., Chang, Y., Kay, E. B., Feterowski, C. M., … Pitman, R. K. (2012). Effect of acute posttrauma propranolol on PTSD outcome and physiological responses during script-driven imagery. CNS Neuroscience & Therapeutics, 18(1), 21–27. doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2010.00227.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huber, D., Veinante, P., & Stoop, R. (2005). Vasopressin and oxytocin excite distinct neuronal populations in the central amygdala. Science, 308(5719), 245–248. doi:10.1126/science.1105636
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janezic, E. M., Uppalapati, S., Nagl, S., Contreras, M., French, E. D., & Fellous, J. (2016). Beneficial effects of chronic oxytocin administration and social co-housing in a rodent model of post-traumatic stress disorder. Behavioural Pharmacology, 27(8), 704–717.
   Google Scholar
• Kessler, R. C., Petukhova, M., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2012). Twelve-month and lifetime prevalence and lifetime morbid risk of anxiety and mood disorders in the United States. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 21(3), 169–184. doi:10.1002/mpr.1359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kirsch, P., Esslinger, C., Chen, Q., Mier, D., Lis, S., Siddhanti, S., … Meyer-Lindenberg, A. (2005). Oxytocin modulates neural circuitry for social cognition and fear in humans. Journal of Neuroscience, 25(49), 11489–11493. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3984-05.2005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knobloch, H. S., Charlet, A., Hoffmann, L. C., Eliava, M., Khrulev, S., Cetin, A. H., … Stoop, R. (2012). Evoked axonal oxytocin release in the central amygdala attenuates fear response. Neuron, 73(3), 553–566. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.02.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch, S. B. J., van Zuiden, M., Nawijn, L., Frijling, J. L., Veltman, D. J., & Olff, M. (2016a). Intranasal oxytocin administration dampens amygdala reactivity towards emotional faces in male and female PTSD patients. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(6), 1495–1504. doi:10.1038/npp.2015.299
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koch, S. B. J., van Zuiden, M., Nawijn, L., Frijling, J. L., Veltman, D. J., & Olff, M. (2016b). Intranasal oxytocin normalizes amygdala functional connectivity in posttraumatic stress disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 41(8), 2041–2051. doi:10.1038/npp.2016.1
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kubzansky, L. D., Mendes, W. B., Appleton, A. A., Block, J., & Adler, G. K. (2012). A heartfelt response: Oxytocin effects on response to social stress in men and women. Biological Psychology, 90(1), 1–9. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.02.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Labuschagne, I., Phan, K. L., Wood, A., Angstadt, M., Chua, P., Heinrichs, M., & Nathan, P. J. (2010). Oxytocin attenuates amygdala reactivity to fear in generalized social anxiety disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 35(12), 2403–2413. doi:10.1038/npp.2010.123
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leng, G., & Ludwig, M. (2016). Intranasal oxytocin: Myths and delusions. Biological Psychiatry, 79(3), 243–250. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liberzon, I., & Abelson, J. L. (2016). Context processing and the neurobiology of post-traumatic stress disorder. Neuron, 92(1), 14–30. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.09.039
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lischke, A., Gamer, M., Berger, C., Grossmann, A., Hauenstein, K., Heinrichs, M., … Domes, G. (2012). Oxytocin increases amygdala reactivity to threatening scenes in females. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 35(1), 83–93.
   Google Scholar
• Lucas-Thompson, R. G., & Holman, E. A. (2013). Environmental stress, oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphism, and mental health following collective stress. Hormones and Behavior, 63(4), 615–624. doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ludwig, M. (2014). Dendritic release of the neuropeptides vasopressin and oxytocin. In W. E. Armstrong & J. G. Tasker (Eds.), Neurophysiology of neuroendocrine neurons (pp. 207–223). Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
   Google Scholar
• MacDonald, E., Dadds, M. R., Brennan, J. L., Williams, K., Levy, F., & Cauchi, A. J. (2011). A review of safety, side-effects and subjective reactions to intranasal oxytocin in human research. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 36(8), 1114–1126. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.02.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Macdonald, K., & Feifel, D. (2013). Helping oxytocin deliver: Considerations in the development of oxytocin-based therapeutics for brain disorders. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 7. doi:10.3389/fnins.2013.00035
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magruder, K. M., Kassam-Adams, N., Thoresen, S., & Olff, M. (2016). Prevention and public health approaches to trauma and traumatic stress: A rationale and a call to action. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 7, 1–9. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v7.29715
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marciniak, M. D., Lage, M. J., Dunayevich, E., Russell, J. M., Bowman, L., Landbloom, R. P., & Levine, L. R. (2005). The cost of treating anxiety: The medical and demographic correlates that impact total medical costs. Depression and Anxiety, 21(4), 178–184. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1520-6394
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McCauley, J., Kileen, T., Gros, D. F., Brady, K., & Back, S. E. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder and co-occurring substance use disorders: Advances in assessment and treatment. Clinical Psychology, 19(3), 1–27.
   Google Scholar
• McLaughlin, K. A., Busso, D. S., Duys, A., Green, J. G., Alves, S., Way, M., & Sheridan, M. A. (2014). Amygdala response to negative stimuli predicts PTSD symptom onset following a terrorist attack. Depression and Anxiety, 31(10), 834–842. doi:10.1002/da.2014.31.issue-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mellman, T. A., Bustamante, V., David, D., & Fins, A. I. (2002). Hypnotic medication in the aftermath of trauma. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63(12), 1183–1184. doi:10.4088/JCP.v63n1214h
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Menon, V., & Uddin, L. Q. (2010). Saliency, switching, attention and control: A network model of insula function. Brain Structure and Function, 214(5–6), 655–667. doi:10.1007/s00429-010-0262-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nawijn, L., van Zuiden, M., Koch, S. B. J., Frijling, J. L., Veltman, D. J., & Olff, M. (2016a). Intranasal oxytocin enhances neural processing of monetary reward and loss in post-traumatic stress disorder and traumatized controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 66, 228–237. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.01.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nawijn, L., van Zuiden, M., Koch, S. B. J., Frijling, J. L., Veltman, D. J., & Olff, M. (2016b). Intranasal oxytocin increases neural responses to social reward in post-traumatic stress disorder. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, nsw123. doi:10.1093/scan/nsw123
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neumann, I. D. (2007). Oxytocin: The neuropeptide of love reveals some of its secrets. Cell Metabolism, 5(4), 231–233. doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2007.03.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olff, M. (2012). Bonding after trauma: On the role of social support and the oxytocin system in traumatic stress. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 3, 18597. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.18597
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olff, M., Frijling, J. L., Kubzansky, L. D., Bradley, B., Ellenbogen, M. A., Cardoso, C., … van Zuiden, M. (2013). The role of oxytocin in social bonding, stress regulation and mental health: An update on the moderating effects of context and interindividual differences. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(9), 1883–1894. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.06.019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olff, M., Van Zuiden, M., & Bakker, A. (2015). Early interventions: From e-health to neurobiology. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 6, 28545. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.28545
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olff, M., Van Zuiden, M., Koch, S. B. J., Nawijn, L., Frijling, J. L., & Veltman, D. J. (2015). Intranasal oxytocin: Miracle cure after trauma? European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 6, 27631. doi:10.3402/ejpt.v6.27631
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Paloyelis, Y., Doyle, O. M., Zelaya, F. O., Maltezos, S., Williams, S. C., Fotopoulou, A., & Howard, M. A. (2014). A spatiotemporal profile of in vivo cerebral blood flow changes following intranasal oxytocin in humans. Biological Psychiatry, Biological Psychiatry, 79(8), 693–705. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.10.005.
   Google Scholar
• Peters, S., Slattery, D. A., Uschold-Schmidt, N., Reber, S. O., & Neumann, I. D. (2014). Dose-dependent effects of chronic central infusion of oxytocin on anxiety, oxytocin receptor binding and stress-related parameters in mice. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 42, 225–236. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pole, N., Neylan, T. C., Otte, C., Henn-Hasse, C., Metzler, T. J., & Marmar, C. R. (2009). Prospective prediction of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms using fear potentiated auditory startle responses. Biological Psychiatry, 65(3), 235–240. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.07.015
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Preckel, K., Scheele, D., Kendrick, K. M., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2014). Oxytocin facilitates social approach behavior in women. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 8, 191. doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00191
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pull, C. N., & Pull, C. B. (2014). Current status of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: Focus on treatments combining pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 7(2), 149–161. doi:10.1521/ijct.2014.7.2.149
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quintana, D. S., Alvares, G. A., Hickie, I. B., & Guastella, A. J. (2015). Do delivery routes of intranasally administered oxytocin account for observed effects on social cognition and behavior? A two-level model. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 49, 182–192. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.12.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Quintana, D. S., Westlye, L. T., Alnæs, D., Rustan, Ø. G., Kaufmann, T., Smerud, K. T., … Andreassen, O. A. (2016). Low dose intranasal oxytocin delivered with breath powered device dampens amygdala response to emotional stimuli: A peripheral effect-controlled within-subjects randomized dose-response fMRI trial. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 69, 180–188. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.04.010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ravinder, S., Burghardt, N. S., Brodsky, R., Bauer, E. P., & Chattarji, S. (2013). A role for the extended amygdala in the fear-enhancing effects of acute selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment. Translational Psychiatry, 3(1), e209. doi:10.1038/tp.2012.137
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rilling, J. K., DeMarco, A. C., Hackett, P. D., Chen, X., Gautam, P., Stair, S., … Patel, R. (2014). Sex differences in the neural and behavioral response to intranasal oxytocin and vasopressin during human social interaction. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 39, 237–248. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.09.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roberts, N. P., Kitchiner, N. J., Kenardy, J., & Bisson, J. I. (2009). Systematic review and meta-analysis of multiple-session early interventions following traumatic events. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 166(3), 293–301. doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.08040590
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rose, S., Bisson, J., Churchill, R., & Wessely, S. (2002). Psychological debriefing for preventing post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2(2), CD000560. http://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000560.
   Google Scholar
• Rothbaum, B. O., Kearns, M. C., Price, M., Malcoun, E., Davis, M., Ressler, K. J., … Houry, D. (2012). Early intervention may prevent the development of posttraumatic stress disorder: A randomized pilot civilian study with modified prolonged exposure. Biological Psychiatry, 72(11), 957–963. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.06.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seeley, W. W., Menon, V., Schatzberg, A. F., Keller, J., Glover, G. H., Kenna, H., … Greicius, M. D. (2007). Dissociable intrinsic connectivity networks for salience processing and executive control. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 27(9), 2349–2356. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3105-06.2007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shamay-Tsoory, S. G., & Abu-Akel, A. (2016). The social salience hypothesis of oxytocin. Biological Psychiatry, 79(3), 194–202. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.07.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sijbrandij, M., Kleiboer, A., Bisson, J. I., Barbui, C., & Cuijpers, P. (2015). Pharmacological prevention of post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Psychiatry, 2(5), 413–421. doi:10.1016/S2215-0366(14)00121-7
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sijbrandij, M., Olff, M., Reitsma, J. B., Carlier, I. V., & Gersons, B. P. (2006). Emotional or educational debriefing after psychological trauma: Randomised controlled trial. The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, 189, 150–155. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.105.021121
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slattery, D. A., & Neumann, I. D. (2010). Chronic icv oxytocin attenuates the pathological high anxiety state of selectively bred Wistar rats. Neuropharmacology, 58(1), 56–61. doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.06.038
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, M. B., Kerridge, C., Dimsdale, J. E., & Hoyt, D. B. (2007). Pharmacotherapy to prevent PTSD: Results from a randomized controlled proof-of-concept trial in physically injured patients. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 20(6), 923–932. doi:10.1002/(ISSN)1573-6598
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Striepens, N., Kendrick, K. M., Hanking, V., Landgraf, R., Wüllner, U., Maier, W., & Hurlemann, R. (2013). Elevated cerebrospinal fluid and blood concentrations of oxytocin following its intranasal administration in humans. Scientific Reports, 3, 3440. doi:10.1038/srep03440
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Toth, I., Neumann, I. D., & Slattery, D. A. (2012). Central administration of oxytocin receptor ligands affects cued fear extinction in rats and mice in a timepoint-dependent manner. Psychopharmacology, 223(2), 149–158. doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2702-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Ast, V. A., Cornelisse, S., Meeter, M., Joëls, M., & Kindt, M. (2013). Time-dependent effects of cortisol on the contextualization of emotional memories. Biological Psychiatry, 74(11), 809–816. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.06.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van IJzendoorn, M. H., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2012). A sniff of trust: Meta-analysis of the effects of intranasal oxytocin administration on face recognition, trust to in-group, and trust to out-group. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 37(3), 438–443. doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.07.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van IJzendoorn, M. H., Bhandari, R., van der Veen, R., Grewen, K. M., & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J. (2012). Elevated salivary levels of oxytocin persist more than 7 h after intranasal administration. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 6, 174. doi:10.3389/fnins.2012.00174
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Zuiden, M., Frijling, J. L., Nawijn, L., Koch, S. B. J., Goslings, J. C., Luitse, J. S., … Olff, M. (in press). Intranasal oxytocin to prevent posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms: A randomized controlled trial in emergency department patients. Biological Psychiatry, 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Zuiden, M., Kavelaars, A., Geuze, E., Olff, M., & Heijnen, C. J. (2013). Predicting PTSD: Pre-existing vulnerabilities in glucocorticoid-signaling and implications for preventive interventions. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 30, 12–21. doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2012.08.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Viviani, D., Charlet, A., van den Burg, E., Robinet, C., Hurni, N., Abatis, M., … Stoop, R. (2011). Oxytocin selectively gates fear responses through distinct outputs from the central amygdala. Science, 333(6038), 104–107. doi:10.1126/science.1205623
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, P. S., Lane, M., Olfson, M., Pincus, H. A., Wells, K. B., & Kessler, R. C. (2005). Twelve-month use of mental health services in the United States: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 629–640. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.629
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisman, O., & Feldman, R. (2013). Oxytocin effects on the human brain: Findings, questions, and future directions. Biological Psychiatry, 74(3), 158–159. doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.026
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zohar, J., Yahalom, H., Kozlovsky, N., Cwikel-Hamzany, S., Matar, M. A., Kaplan, Z., … Cohen, H. (2011). High dose hydrocortisone immediately after trauma may alter the trajectory of PTSD: Interplay between clinical and animal studies. European Neuropsychopharmacology: the Journal of the European College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 21(11), 796–809. doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2011.06.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zoicas, I., Slattery, D. A., & Neumann, I. D. (2014). Brain oxytocin in social fear conditioning and its extinction: Involvement of the lateral septum. Neuropsychopharmacology, 39(13), 3027–3035. doi:10.1038/npp.2014.156
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar