References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., revised). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., & Nagy, L. M. (1995). The development of a clinician-administered PTSD Scale. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 8, 75–11.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bongaerts, H., Van Minnen, A., & De Jongh, A. (2017). Intensive EMDR to treat PTSD patients with severe comorbidity: A case series. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 11, 84–95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, Y. R., Hung, K. W., Tsai, J. C., Chu, H., Chung, M. H., Chen, S. R., … Chou, K. R. (2014). Efficacy of eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing for patients with posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PloS One, 9, e103676.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloitre, M., Courtois, C. A., Ford, J. D., Green, B. L., Alexander, P., Briere, J., … Van Der Hart, O. (2012). The ISTSS expert consensus treatment guidelines for complex PTSD in adults. Retrieved from https://www.istss.org/ISTSS_Main/media/Documents/ISTSS-Expert-Concesnsus-Guidelines-for-Complex-PTSD-Updated-060315.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Cloitre, M., Garvert, D. W., Brewin, C. R., Bryant, R. A., & Maercker, A. (2013). Evidence for proposed ICD-11 PTSD and complex PTSD: A latent profile analysis. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 4, 20706.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloitre, M., Koenen, K. C., Cohen, L. R., & Han, H. (2002). Skills training in affective and interpersonal regulation followed by exposure: A phase-based treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70, 1067–1074.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cloitre, M., Stovall-McClough, K. C., Nooner, K., Zorbas, P., Cherry, S., Jackson, C. L., … Petkova, E. (2010). Treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 915–924.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J., Cohen, P., West, S. G., & Aiken, L. S. (2002). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. London: Taylor & Francis Inc.
   Google Scholar
• Cusack, K., Jonas, D. E., Forneris, C. A., Wines, C., Sonis, J., Middleton, J. C., … Weil, A. (2016). Psychological treatments for adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 43, 128–141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cutajar, M. C, Mullen, P. E, Ogloff, James R.P, Thomas, S. D, Wells, D. L, & Spataro, J. (2010). Psychopathology in a large cohort of sexually abused children followed up to 43 years. Child Abuse & Neglect, 34, 813–822. doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2010.04.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jongh, A., Resick, P. A., Zoellner, L. A., Van Minnen, A., Lee, C. W., Monson, C. M., & Bicanic, I. A. E. (2016). A critical analysis of the current treatment guidelines for complex PTSD in adults. Depression and Anxiety, 33, 359–369.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• De Jongh, A., & Ten Broeke, E. (2013). Handboek EMDR: een geprotocolleerde behandelmethode voor de gevolgen van psychotrauma [Handbook EMDR: a protocolized treatment method for the consequences of psychotrauma]. Amsterdam: Pearson Assessment and Information B.V.
   Google Scholar
• Ehlers, A., Hackmann, A., Grey, N., Wild, J., Liness, S., Albert, I., … Clark, D. M. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of 7-day intensive and standard weekly cognitive therapy for PTSD and emotion-focused supportive therapy. American Journal of Psychiatry, 171, 294–304.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: Sage publications.
   Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., Hembree, E. A., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2007). Prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD: Emotional processing of traumatic experiences: Therapist guide. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Dancu, C. V., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1993). Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 6, 459–473.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Forbes, D., Creamer, M., Bisson, J. I., Cohen, J. A., Crow, B. E., Foa, E. B., … Ursano, R. J. (2010). A guide to guidelines for the treatment of PTSD and related conditions. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23, 537–552.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hawthorne, G, & Elliott, P. (2005). Imputing cross-sectional missing data: Comparison of common techniques. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 39, 583–590.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hendriks, L., De Kleine, R., Van Rees, M., Bult, C., & Van Minnen, A. (2010). Feasibility of brief intensive exposure therapy for PTSD patients with childhood sexual abuse: A brief clinical report. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 1, 5626.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Herman, J. L. (1992). Complex PTSD: A syndrome in survivors of prolonged and repeated trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 5, 377–391.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Horowitz, M., Wilner, N., & Alvarez, W. (1979). Impact of Event Scale: A measure of subjective stress. PsychosomaticMedicine, 41, 209–218.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hovens, J. E., Luinge, B., & Van Minnen, A. (2005). Het klinisch interview voor PTSS (KIP) [The clinical interview for PTSD]. Nijmegen: Cure & Care Publishers.
   Google Scholar
• Hovens, J. E., Van Der Ploeg, H. M., Klaarenbeek, M. T. A., Bramsen, I., Schreuder, J. N., & Rivero, V. (1994). The assessment of posttraumatic stress disorder with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale: Dutch results. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 50, 325–340.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Imel, Z. E., Laska, K., Jakupcak, M., & Simpson, T. L. (2013). Meta-analysis of dropout in treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81, 394–404.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lecrubier, Y., Sheehan, D. V., Weiller, E., Amorim, P., Bonora, I., Sheehan, K. H., … Dunbar, G. C. (1997). The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). A short diagnostic structured interview: Reliability and validity according to the CIDI. European Psychiatry, 12, 224–231.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lobbestael, J., Arntz, A., Harkema-Schouten, P., & Bernstein, D. (2009). Development and psychometric evaluation of a new assessment method for childhood maltreatment experiences: The interview for traumatic events in childhood (ITEC). Child Abuse & Neglect, 33, 505–517.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Logie, R. D. J., & De Jongh, A. (2014). The “flashforward procedure”: Confronting the catastrophe. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 8, 25–32.
   Google Scholar
• Maercker, A., Brewin, C. R., Bryant, R. A., Cloitre, M., Ommeren, M., Jones, L. M., … Somasundaram, D. J. (2013). Diagnosis and classification of disorders specifically associated with stress: Proposals for ICD‐11. World Psychiatry, 12, 198–206.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mol, S. S., Arntz, A., Metsemakers, J. F., Dinant, G.-J., Vilters-Van Montfort, P. A., & Knottnerus, J. A. (2005). Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after non-traumatic events: Evidence from an open population study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 186, 494–499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Morina, N., Wicherts, J. M., Lobbrecht, J., & Priebe, S. (2014). Remission from post-traumatic stress disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of long term outcome studies. ClinicalPsychology Review, 34, 249–255.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Olde, E., Kleber, R. J., Van Der Hart, O., & Pop, V. J. M. (2006). Childbirth and posttraumatic stress responses: A validation study of the Dutch Impact of Event Scale-Revised. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 22, 259–267.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Overbeek, T., Schruers, K., & Griez, E. (1999). MINI: Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview, Dutch version 5.0. 0 (DSM-IV). Maastricht: Internal Publication University of Maastricht.
   Google Scholar
• Resick, P. A., Suvak, M. K., & Wells, S. Y. (2014). The impact of childhood abuse among women with assault‐related PTSD receiving short‐term Cognitive–Behavioral Therapy. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 27, 558–567.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schalinski, I., Teicher, M. H., Nischk, D., Hinderer, E., Müller, O., & Rockstroh, B. (2016). Type and timing of adverse childhood experiences differentially affect severity of PTSD, dissociative and depressive symptoms in adult inpatients. BMC Psychiatry, 16, 295.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schoedl, A. F., Costa, M. C. P., Mari, J. J., Mello, M. F., Tyrka, A. R., Carpenter, L. L., & Price, L. H. (2010). The clinical correlates of reported childhood sexual abuse: An association between age at trauma onset and severity of depression and PTSD in adults. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 19, 156–170.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shapiro, F. (2001). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols and procedures (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Shipman, K., Zeman, J., Penza, S., & Champion, K. (2000). Emotion management skills in sexually maltreated and non maltreated girls: A developmental psychopathology perspective. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 47–62.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stein, N. R., Dickstein, B. D., Schuster, J., Litz, B. T., & Resick, P. A. (2012). Trajectories of response to treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavior Therapy, 43, 790–800.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ullman, S. E., & Filipas, H. H. (2005). Gender differences in social reactions to abuse disclosures, post-abuse coping, and PTSD of child sexual abuse survivors. Child Abuse & Neglect, 29, 767–782.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Der Ploeg, E., Mooren, T. T. M., Kleber, R. J., Van Der Velden, P. G., & Brom, D. (2004). Internal validation of the Dutch version of the Impact of Event Scale. Psychological Assessment, 16, 16–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Minnen, A., Harned, M. S., Zoellner, L., & Mills, K. (2012). Examining potential contraindications for prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 3, 18805.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Vliet, I. M., & De Beurs, E. (2006). The MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview: A brief structured diagnostic psychiatric interview for DSM-IV and ICD-10 psychiatric disorders. Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie, 49, 393–397.
   Google Scholar
• Walter, K. H., Buckley, A., Simpson, J. M., & Chard, K. M. (2013). Residential PTSD treatment for female veterans with military sexual trauma: Does a history of childhood sexual abuse influence outcome? Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 971–986. doi:10.1177/0886260513506055
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weathers, F. W., Keane, T. M., & Davidson, J. R. T. (2001). Clinician-Administered PTSD scale: A review of the first ten years of research. Depression and Anxiety, 13, 132–156.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar