References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
   Google Scholar
• Askay, S. W., & Patterson, D. R. (2010). Psychological rehabilitation in burn injuries. In R. G. Frank, M. Rosenthal, & B. Caplan (Eds.), Handbook of rehabilitation psychology (2nd ed., pp. 107–12). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
   Google Scholar
• Attoe, C., & Pounds-Cornish, E. (2015). Psychosocial adjustment following burns: An integrative literature review. Burns: Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries, 41, 1375–1384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewin, C., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000). Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68, 748–766.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Clohessy, S., & Ehlers, A. (1999). PTSD symptoms, response to intrusive memories and coping in ambulance service workers. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38, 251–265.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper, A. A., Clifton, E. G., & Feeny, N. C. (2017). An empirical review of potential mediators and mechanisms of prolonged exposure therapy. Clinical Psychology Review, 56, 106–121.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cumming, G. (2013). Understanding the new statistics: Effect sizes, confidence intervals, and meta-analysis. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 319–345.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ehring, T., Ehlers, A., & Glucksman, E. (2008). Do cognitive models help in predicting the severity of posttraumatic stress disorder, phobia, and depression after motor vehicle accidents? A prospective longitudinal study. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 219–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foa, E. B., McLean, C. P., Zang, Y., Zhong, J., Powers, M. B., Kauffman, B. Y., … Knowles, K. (2016). Psychometric properties of the posttraumatic diagnostic scale for DSM-5 (PDS-5). Psychological Assessment, 28, 1166–1171.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Genuer, R., Poggi, J.-M., & Tuleau-Malot, C. (2010). Variable selection using random forests. Pattern Recognition Letters, 31, 2225–2236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halligan, S. L., Michael, T., Clark, D. M., & Ehlers, A. (2003). Posttraumatic stress disorder following assault: The role of cognitive processing, trauma memory, and appraisals. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 71, 419–431.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Janoff-Bulman, R. (1992). Shattered assumptions: Towards a new psychology of trauma. New York: The Free Press.
   Google Scholar
• Joseph, S., Andrews, B., Williams, R., & Yule, W. (1992). Crisis support and psychiatric symptomatology in adult survivors of the Jupiter cruise ship disaster. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31, 63–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelley, K., & Maxwell, S. E. (2010). Multiple regression. In G. R. H. R. O. Mueller (Ed.), The reviewer’s guide to quantitative methods in the social sciences (pp. 281–297). New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Kleim, B., Ehlers, A., & Glucksman, E. (2007). Early predictors of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in assault survivors. Psychological Medicine, 37, 1457–1467.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koenen, K., Ratanatharathorn, A., Ng, L., McLaughlin, K., Bromet, E., Stein, D., … Kessler, R. C. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the world mental health surveys. Psychological Medicine, 47, 2260–2274.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: Validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 16, 606–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lawrence, J. W., Fauerbach, J. A., & Thombs, B. D. (2006). A test of the moderating role of importance of appearance in the relationship between perceived scar severity and body-esteem among adult burn survivors. Body Image, 3, 101–111.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Liaw, A., & Wiener, M. (2002). Classification and regression by randomForest. R News, 2, 18–22.
   Google Scholar
• Logsetty, S., Shamlou, A., Gawaziuk, J. P., March, J., Doupe, M., Chateau, D., … Sareen, J. (2016). Mental health outcomes of burn: A longitudinal population-based study of adults hospitalized for burns. Burns: Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries, 42, 738–744.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, M. K., Lin, Y. S., Chou, P., & Tung, T. H. (2007). Post-traumatic stress disorder after severe burn in southern Taiwan. Burns : Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries, 33, 649–652.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Manea, L., Gilbody, S., & McMillan, D. (2015). A diagnostic meta-analysis of the patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) algorithm scoring method as a screen for depression. General Hospital Psychiatry, 37, 67–75.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, S. D., & Calhoun, P. S. (2010). The diagnostic accuracy of the PTSD checklist: A critical review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30, 976–987.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McKibben, J. B., Bresnick, M. G., Askay, S. A. W., & Fauerbach, J. A. (2008). Acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder: A prospective study of prevalence, course, and predictors in a sample with major burn injuries. Journal of Burn Care & Research, 29, 22–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Murray, J., Ehlers, A., & Mayou, R. A. (2002). Dissociation and post-traumatic stress disorder: Two prospective studies of road traffic accident survivors. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 363–368.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 400–424.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ozer, E. J., Best, S. R., Lipsey, T. L., & Weiss, D. S. (2003). Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 129, 52–73.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Palmu, R., Suominen, K., Vuola, J., & Isometsä, E. (2011). Mental disorders after burn injury: A prospective study. Burns: Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries, 37, 601–609.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rost, K., Burnam, M. A., & Smith, G. R. (1993). Development of screeners for depressive disorders and substance disorder history. Medical Care, 31, 189–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rytwinski, N. K., Scur, M. D., Feeny, N. C., & Youngstrom, E. A. (2013). The co‐occurrence of major depressive disorder among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analysis. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 26, 299–309.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shalev, A. Y., Ankri, Y., Israeli-Shalev, Y., Peleg, T., Adessky, R., & Freedman, S. (2012). Prevention of posttraumatic stress disorder by early treatment: Results from the jerusalem trauma outreach and prevention study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 69, 166–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sheehan, D., Harnett-Sheehan, K., & Raj, B. (1996). The measurement of disability. International Clinical Psychopharmacology, 11, 89–95.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spitzer, R. L., Kroenke, K., Williams, J. B., & Group, P. H. Q. P. C. S. (1999). Validation and utility of a self-report version of PRIME-MD: The PHQ primary care study. Journal of the American Medical Association, 282, 1737–1744.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sveen, J., Ekselius, L., Gerdin, B., & Willebrand, M. (2011). A prospective longitudinal study of posttraumatic stress disorder symptom trajectories after burn injury. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 71, 1808–1815.
   Google Scholar
• Taiwan Ministry of Health and Welfare. (2015). Formosa explosion—Inpatient status updates. Retrieved from https://topics.mohw.gov.tw/0627ACCIDENT/cp-2749-7835-202.html
   Google Scholar
• Ter Smitten, M. H., De Graaf, R., & Van Loey, N. E. (2011). Prevalence and co-morbidity of psychiatric disorders 1–4 years after burn. Burns: Journal of the International Society for Burn Injuries, 37, 753–761.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallis, H., Renneberg, B., Ripper, S., Germann, G., Wind, G., & Jester, A. (2006). Emotional distress and psychosocial resources in patients recovering from severe burn injury. Journal of Burn Care & Research, 27, 734–741.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weathers, F., Blake, D., Schnurr, P., Kaloupek, D., Marx, B., & Keane, T. (2013). The clinician-administered PTSD scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5). Boston, MA: National Center for PTSD.
   Google Scholar
• Zhou, X., Wu, X., Fu, F., & An, Y. (2015). Core belief challenge and rumination as predictors of PTSD and PTG among adolescent survivors of the Wenchuan earthquake. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 7, 391–397.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar