References

• Aaltonen, M. (2017). To whom do prior offenders pose a risk? Victim–offender similarity in police-reported violent crime. Crime & Delinquency, 63(11), 1410–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes, J. E., Noll, J. G., Putnam, F. W., & Trickett, P. K. (2009). Sexual and physical revictimization among victims of severe childhood sexual abuse. Child Abuse & Neglect, 33(7), 412–420.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bell, T. M., Qiao, N., Jenkins, P. C., Siedlecki, C. B., & Fecher, A. M. (2016). Trends in emergency department visits for nonfatal violence-related injuries among adolescents in the USA, 2009–2013. Journal of Adolescent Health, 58(5), 573–575.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bohnert, K. M., Walton, M. A., Ranney, M., Bonar, E. E., Blow, F. C., Zimmerman, M. A., … Cunningham, R. M. (2015). Understanding the service needs of assault-injured, drug-using youth presenting for care in an urban Emergency Department. Addictive Behaviors, 41, 97–105.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, X. (2016). Childhood onset of behavioral problems and violent victimization among serious juvenile offenders: A longitudinal study. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 14(3), 243–256.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, T. L., Schwarz, D., Brenner, R. A., Wright, J. L., Fields, C. B., O’Donnell, R., … Scheidt, P. C. (2003). Adolescent assault injury: Risk and protective factors and locations of contact for intervention. Pediatrics, 112(4), 931–938.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherpitel, C. J., Martin, G., Macdonald, S., Brubacher, J. R., & Stenstrom, R. (2013). Alcohol and drug use as predictors of intentional injuries in two emergency departments in British Columbia. The American Journal on Addictions, 22(2), 87–92.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cherpitel, C. J., & Ye, Y. (2010). Alcohol and violence-related injuries among emergency room patients in an international perspective. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 16(4), 227–235.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Copeland-Linder, N., Johnson, S. B., Haynie, D. L., Chung, S. E., & Cheng, T. L. (2012). Retaliatory attitudes and violent behaviors among assault-injured youth. Journal of Adolescent Health, 50(3), 215–220.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cunningham, R. M., Carter, P. M., Ranney, M., Zimmerman, M. A., Blow, F. C., Booth, B. M., … Walton, M. A. (2015). Violent reinjury and mortality among youth seeking emergency department care for assault-related injury: A 2-year prospective cohort study. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(1), 63–70.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DeCamp, W., Zaykowski, H., & Lunn, B. (2017). Victim–Offender trajectories: Explaining propensity differences from childhood to adulthood through risk and protective factors. The British Journal of Criminology, 58(3), 667–688.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Finkelhor, D., Turner, H. A., Shattuck, A., & Hamby, S. L. (2015). Prevalence of childhood exposure to violence, crime, and abuse: Results from the national survey of children’s exposure to violence. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(8), 746–754.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, L. S., Avila, S., Tanouye, K., & Joseph, K. (2011). A case–Control study of severe physical abuse of older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 59(3), 417–422.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilbert, R., Widom, C. S., Browne, K., Fergusson, D., Webb, E., & Janson, S. (2009). Burden and consequences of child maltreatment in high-income countries. The Lancet, 373(9657), 68–81.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Jones, L., Wood, S., Bates, G., Eckley, L., … Officer, A. (2012). Prevalence and risk of violence against adults with disabilities: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. The Lancet, 379(9826), 1621–1629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings, W. G., Higgins, G. E., Tewksbury, R., Gover, A. R., & Piquero, A. R. (2010). A longitudinal assessment of the victim-offender overlap. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 25(12), 2147–2174.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Johansen, V. A., Wahl, A. K., & Weisaeth, L. (2008). Assaulted victims of nondomestic violence in Norway–Injury, crime characteristics and emotions during the assault. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 22(3), 445–454.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kaufman, E., Rising, K., Wiebe, D. J., Ebler, D. J., Crandall, M. L., & Delgado, M. K. (2016). Recurrent violent injury: Magnitude, risk factors, and opportunities for intervention from a statewide analysis. The American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 34(9), 1823–1830.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kruse, M., Sørensen, J., Brønnum-Hansen, H., & Helweg-Larsen, K. (2010). Identifying victims of violence using register-based data. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 38(6), 611–617.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lansford, J. E., Miller-Johnson, S., Berlin, L. J., Dodge, K. A., Bates, J. E., & Pettit, G. S. (2007). Early physical abuse and later violent delinquency: A prospective longitudinal study. Child Maltreatment, 12(3), 233–245.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lipsey, M. W., Landenberger, N. A., & Wilson, S. J. (2007). Effects of cognitive-behavioral programs for criminal offenders. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 6. doi:10.4073/csr.2007.6
   Google Scholar
• Monuteaux, M. C., Lee, L., & Fleegler, E. (2012). Children injured by violence in the USA: Emergency department utilization, 2000–2008. Academic Emergency Medicine, 19(5), 535–540.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Page, N., Sivarajasingam, V., Matthews, K., Heravi, S., Morgan, P., & Shepherd, J. (2016). Preventing violence-related injuries in England and Wales: A panel study examining the impact of on-trade and off-trade alcohol prices. Injury Prevention, 1–7. doi:10.1136/injuryprev-2015-041884
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pedersen, C. B. (2011). The Danish civil registration system. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 39(7), 22–25.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranney, M. L., Whiteside, L., Walton, M. A., Chermack, S. T., Zimmerman, M. A., & Cunningham, R. M. (2011). Sex differences in characteristics of adolescents presenting to the emergency department with acute assault‐related injury. Academic Emergency Medicine, 18(10), 1027–1035.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rivara, F. P., Shepherd, J. P., Farrington, D. P., Richmond, P. W., & Cannon, P. (1995). Victim as offender in youth violence. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 26(5), 609–614.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sivarajasingam, V., Page, N., Wells, J., Morgan, P., Matthews, K., Moore, S., & Shepherd, J. (2016). Trends in violence in England and Wales 2010–2014. Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 70, 616–621.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Steen, K., & Hunskaar, S. (2004). Violence in an urban community from the perspective of an accident and emergency department: A two-year prospective study. Medical Science Monitor, 10(2), CR75–CR79.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sumner, S. A., Mercy, J. A., Dahlberg, L. L., Hillis, S. D., Klevens, J., & Houry, D. (2015). Violence in the USA: Status, challenges, and opportunities. JAMA, 314(5), 478–488.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vitale, S., & Van de Mheen, D. (2006). Illicit drug use and injuries: A review of emergency room studies. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 82(1), 1–9.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walton, M. A., Chermack, S. T., Shope, J. T., Bingham, C. R., Zimmerman, M. A., Blow, F. C., & Cunningham, R. M. (2010). Effects of a brief intervention for reducing violence and alcohol misuse among adolescents: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 304(5), 527–535.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Walton, M. A., Cunningham, R. M., Goldstein, A. L., Chermack, S. T., Zimmerman, M. A., Bingham, C. R., … Blow, F. C. (2009). Rates and correlates of violent behaviors among adolescents treated in an urban emergency department. Journal of Adolescent Health, 45(1), 77–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widom, C. S., Czaja, S. J., & Dutton, M. A. (2008). Childhood victimization and lifetime revictimization. Child Abuse & Neglect, 32(8), 785–796.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2014). Global status report on violence prevention. Geneva: WHO.
   Google Scholar
• Wu, V., Huff, H., & Bhandari, M. (2010). Pattern of physical injury associated with intimate partner violence in women presenting to the emergency department: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 11(2), 71–82.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar