Targeting the small airways with dry powder adenosine: a challenging concept

References

• Usmani OS , Biddiscombe MF , Barnes PJ. Regional lung deposition and bronchodilator response as a function of beta2-agonist particle size. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Dec 15;172(12):1–8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Majoral C , Fleming J , Conway J , et al. Controlled, parametric, individualized, 2D and 3D imaging measurements of aerosol deposition in the respiratory tract of healthy human volunteers: in vivo data analysis. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2014 Jan 8.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Price D , Martin RJ , Barnes N , et al. Prescribing practices and asthma control with hydrofluoroalkane-beclomethasone and fluticasone: a real-world observational study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2010 Sep;126(3):511–518.e1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen J , Douma WR , ten Hacken NH , et al. Ciclesonide improves measures of small airway involvement in asthma. Eur Respir J. 2008. 06;31(6):1213–1220.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van den Berge M , ten Hacken NH , van der Wiel E , et al. Treatment of the bronchial tree from beginning to end: targeting small airway inflammation in asthma. Allergy. 2013 Jan;68(1):16–26.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen J , Postma DS , Douma WR , et al. Particle size matters: diagnostics and treatment of small airways involvement in asthma. Eur Respir J. 2011 Mar;37(3):532–540.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lexmond AJ , Hagedoorn P , Frijlink HW , et al. Challenging the two-minute tidal breathing challenge test. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv. 2013 Mar 19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lexmond AJ , Hagedoorn P , van der Wiel E , et al. Adenosine dry powder inhalation for bronchial challenge testing, part 1: inhaler and formulation development and in vitro performance testing. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2014 Jan;86(1):105–114.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Oostveen E , MacLeod D , Lorino H , et al. The forced oscillation technique in clinical practice: methodology, recommendations and future developments. Eur Respir J. 2003 12;22(6):1026–1041.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller MR , Hankinson J , Brusasco V , et al. Standardisation of spirometry. Eur Respir J. 2005 08;26(2):319–338.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanger J , Clausen JL , Coates A , et al. Standardisation of the measurement of lung volumes. Eur Respir J. 2005 09;26(3):511–522.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sterk PJ , Fabbri LM , Quanjer PH , et al. Airway responsiveness. Standardized challenge testing with pharmacological, physical and sensitizing stimuli in adults. Report Working Party Standardization of Lung Function Tests, European Community for Steel and Coal. Off Statement Eur Respir Soc. 1993 03;16:53–83.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Crapo RO , Casaburi R , Coates AL , et al. Guidelines for methacholine and exercise challenge testing-1999. This official statement of the American Thoracic Society was adopted by the ATS Board of Directors, July 1999. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000 Jan;161(1):309–329.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Boer AH , Hagedoorn P , Westerman EM , et al. Design and in vitro performance testing of multiple air classifier technology in a new disposable inhaler concept (Twincer) for high powder doses. Eur J Pharm Sci. 2006 Jun;28(3):171–178.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Boer AH , Hagedoorn P , Gjaltema D , et al. Air classifier technology (ACT) in dry powder inhalation. Part 1. Introduction of a novel force distribution concept (FDC) explaining the performance of a basic air classifier on adhesive mixtures. Int J Pharm. 2003 Jul 24;260(2):187–200.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Lexmond AJ , van der Wiel E , Hagedoorn P , et al. Adenosine dry powder inhalation for bronchial challenge testing, part 2: proof of concept in asthmatic subjects. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2014; 88(1):148–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broeders ME , Molema J , Hop WC , et al. Bronchial challenge, assessed with forced expiratory manoeuvres and airway impedance. Respir Med. 2005. 08;99(8):1046–1052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weersink EJ , vd Elshout FJ , van Herwaarden CV , et al. Bronchial responsiveness to histamine and methacholine measured with forced expirations and with the forced oscillation technique. Respir Med. 1995. 05;89(5):351–356.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Contoli M , Bousquet J , Fabbri LM , et al. The small airways and distal lung compartment in asthma and COPD: a time for reappraisal. Allergy. 2010 Feb;65(2):141–151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pérez Fontán JJ , Kinloch LP , Donnelly DF. Integration of bronchomotor and ventilatory responses to chemoreceptor stimulation in developing sheep. Respir Physiol. 1998 Jan;111(1):1–13.
   Google Scholar
• Fontán JJ , Diec CT , Velloff CR. Bilateral distribution of vagal motor and sensory nerve fibers in the rat’s lungs and airways. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2000 Aug;279(2):R713–R728.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lutz W , Sułkowski WJ . Vagus nerve participates in regulation of the airways: inflammatory response and hyperreactivity induced by occupational asthmogens. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2004;17(4):417–431.
   Google Scholar