Cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of airway remodeling in chronic lung disease

References

• Kim SR, Rhee YK. Overlap between asthma and COPD: where the two diseases converge. Allergy Asthma Immunol Res. 2010;2(4):209–10.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Marco R, Accordini S, Marcon A, et al. Risk factors for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a European cohort of young adults. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183(7):891–897.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokaparch S, et al. The nature of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(26):2645–2653.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Borras-Santos A, Garcia-Aymerich J, Soler-Cataluna JJ, et al. Determinants of the appearance and progression of early-onset chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in young adults. A case-control study with follow-up. Arch Bronconeumol. 2019;55(6):312–318.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aghapour M, Raee P, Moghaddam SJ, et al. Airway epithelial barrier dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: role of cigarette smoke exposure. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2018;58(2):157–169.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weidner J, Jarenback L, Aberg I, et al. Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and lysosomes are disorganized in lung fibroblasts from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Physiol Rep. 2018;6(5):e13584.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eapen MS, Myers S, Walters EH, et al. Airway inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a true paradox. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2017;11(10):827–839.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer BM, Pavlisko E, Voynow JA. Pathogenic triad in COPD: oxidative stress, protease-antiprotease imbalance, and inflammation. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2011;6:413–421.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Demedts IK, Demoor T, Bracke KR, et al. Role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of COPD and pulmonary emphysema. Respir Res. 2006;7:53.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baines KJ, Simpson JL, Wood LG, et al. Transcriptional phenotypes of asthma defined by gene expression profiling of induced sputum samples. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2011;127(1):153–160, 160 e151–159.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khan YM, Kirkham P, Barnes PJ, et al. Brd4 is essential for IL-1beta-induced inflammation in human airway epithelial cells. PloS one. 2014;9(4):e95051.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titz B, Sewer A, Schneider T, et al. Alterations in the sputum proteome and transcriptome in smokers and early-stage COPD subjects. J Proteomics. 2015;128:306–320.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Young RP, Hopkins RJ. The mevalonate pathway and innate immune hyper-responsiveness in the pathogenesis of COPD and lung cancer: potential for chemoprevention. Curr Mol Pharmacol. 2017;10(1):46–59.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu Y, Chang R, Yao J, et al. Effectiveness of long-term using statins in COPD - a network meta-analysis. Respir Res. 2019;20(1):17.
   Google Scholar
• Zhang W, Zhang Y, Li CW, et al. Effect of statins on COPD: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Chest. 2017;152(6):1159–1168.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yeganeh B, Wiechec E, Ande SR, et al. Targeting the mevalonate cascade as a new therapeutic approach in heart disease, cancer and pulmonary disease. Pharmacol Ther. 2014;143(1):87–110.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhou Q, Liao JK. Pleiotropic effects of statins. - Basic research and clinical perspectives. Circ J. 2010;74(5):818–826.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Voleti B, Agrawal A. Statins and nitric oxide reduce C-reactive protein production while inflammatory conditions persist. Mol Immunol. 2006;43(7):891–896.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schmittgen TD, Livak KJ. Analyzing real-time PCR data by the comparative C(T) method. Nat Protoc. 2008;3(6):1101–1108.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boue S, Fields B, Hoeng J, et al. Enhancement of COPD biological networks using a web-based collaboration interface. F1000Res. 2015;4:32.
   Google Scholar
• Garcia-Rio F, Miravitlles M, Soriano JB, et al. Systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a population-based study. Respir Res. 2010;11:63.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vernooy JH, Kucukaycan M, Jacobs JA, et al. Local and systemic inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors are increased in sputum. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002;166(9):1218–1224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nunez B, Sauleda J, Garcia-Aymerich J, et al. Lack of correlation between pulmonary and systemic inflammation markers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a simultaneous, two-compartmental analysis. Arch Bronconeumol. 2016;52(7):361–367.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ye RD, Sun L. Emerging functions of serum amyloid A in inflammation. J Leukoc Biol. 2015;98(6):923–929.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Urieli-Shoval S, Cohen P, Eisenberg S, et al. Widespread expression of serum amyloid A in histologically normal human tissues. Predominant localization to the epithelium. J Histochem Cytochem. 1998;46(12):1377–1384.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smith JW, Colombo JL, McDonald TL. Comparison of serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein as indicators of lung inflammation in corticosteroid treated and non-corticosteroid treated cystic fibrosis patients. J Clin Lab Anal. 1992;6(4):219–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lopez-Campos JL, Calero C, Rojano B, et al. C-reactive protein and serum amyloid a overexpression in lung tissues of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a case-control study. Int J Med Sci. 2013;10(8):938–947.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calero C, Arellano E, Lopez-Villalobos JL, et al. Differential expression of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A in different cell types in the lung tissue of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. BMC Pulm Med. 2014;14:95.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moran G, Carcamo C, Concha M, et al. Expression of the protein serum amyloid A in response to aspergillus fumigatus in murine models of allergic airway inflammation. Rev Iberoam Micol. 2015;32(1):25–29.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Minoo P, King RJ. Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions in lung development. Annu Rev Physiol. 1994;56:13–45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ishii T, Abboud RT, Wallace AM, et al. Alveolar macrophage proteinase/antiproteinase expression in lung function and emphysema. Eur Respir J. 2014;43(1):82–91.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aggarwal T, Wadhwa R, Rohil V, et al. Biomarkers of oxidative stress and protein-protein interaction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2018;124(3):226–231.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garbacki N, Di Valentin E, Piette J, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase 12 silencing: a therapeutic approach to treat pathological lung tissue remodeling? Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2009;22(4):267–278.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Semlali A, Jacques E, Rouabhia M, et al. Regulation of epithelial cell proliferation by bronchial fibroblasts obtained from mild asthmatic subjects. Allergy. 2010;65(11):1438–1445.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vogelmeier CF, Criner GJ, Martinez FJ, et al. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive lung disease 2017 report: GOLD executive summary. Arch Bronconeumol. 2017;53(3):128–149.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brat K, Plutinsky M, Hejduk K, et al. Respiratory parameters predict poor outcome in COPD patients, category GOLD 2017 B. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2018;13:1037–1052.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wanderer AA. Hypoxia and inflammation. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(20):1976. author reply 1977.
   Google Scholar
• Imtiyaz HZ, Williams EP, Hickey MM, et al. Hypoxia-inducible factor 2alpha regulates macrophage function in mouse models of acute and tumor inflammation. J Clin Invest. 2010;120(8):2699–2714.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghezzi P, Dinarello CA, Bianchi M, et al. Hypoxia increases production of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by human mononuclear cells. Cytokine. 1991;3(3):189–194.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakota K, Carns M, Podlusky S, et al. Serum amyloid A is a marker for pulmonary involvement in systemic sclerosis. PloS one. 2015;10(1):e0110820.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhu XY, Daghini E, Chade AR, et al. Disparate effects of simvastatin on angiogenesis during hypoxia and inflammation. Life Sci. 2008;83(23–24):801–809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinho-Ribeiro V, Melo AC, Kennedy-Feitosa E, et al. Atorvastatin and simvastatin promoted mouse lung repair after cigarette smoke-induced emphysema. Inflammation. 2017;40(3):965–979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patyk I, Rybacki C, Kalicka A, et al. Simvastatin therapy and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid biomarkers in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2019;1150:43–52.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hothersall E, McSharry C, Thomson NC. Potential therapeutic role for statins in respiratory disease. Thorax. 2006;61(8):729–734.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee JH, Lee DS, Kim EK, et al. Simvastatin inhibits cigarette smoking-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension in rat lungs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;172(8):987–993.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Takahashi S, Nakamura H, Seki M, et al. Reversal of elastase-induced pulmonary emphysema and promotion of alveolar epithelial cell proliferation by simvastatin in mice. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 2008;294(5):L882–890.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabrese F, Giacometti C, Beghe B, et al. Marked alveolar apoptosis/proliferation imbalance in end-stage emphysema. Respir Res. 2005;6:14.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar