REFERENCES
- Abbink , J. and Van Kessel , I. , eds. 2005 . Vanguard or Vandals: Youth, Politics and Conflict in Africa. Leiden : Brill. .
- Alden , C. 2007 . China in Africa. London : Zed Press. .
- Alden , C. , Large , D. and Soares de Oliviera , R. , eds. 2008 . China Returns to Africa: A Continent and a Superpower Embrace. London : Christopher Hurst. .
- Alexander , J. , McGregor , J. and Ranger , T. 2000 . Violence and Memory: One Hundred Years in the ‘Dark Forests’ of Matabeleland. Oxford, Portsmouth, Cape Town & Harare : James Currey, Heinemann, David Philip & Weaver Press. .
- Bayart , J-F. 1993 . The State in Africa: The Politics of the Belly. London : Longman. .
- Bayart , J-F. , Mbembe , A. and Toulabour , C. 1992 . Le politique par le bas: contributions à une problématique à la démocratie Paris : Karthala. .
- Bierschenk , T. and De Sardan , J-P. O. 2003 . ‘Powers in the village: rural Benin between democratisation and decentralisation’ in . Africa , 73 ( 2 ) : 145 – 73 .
- Bundy , C. 2002 . ‘Continuing a conversation: prospects for African studies in the 21st century’ in . African Affairs , 101 ( 402 ) : 61 – 73 .
- Chabal , P. 2009 . Africa: The Politics of Suffering & Smiling. London : Zed Books .
- Chabal , P. and Daloz , J-P. 1998 . Africa Works: Disorder as a Political Instrument. London & Oxford : International Africa Institute & James Currey. .
- Chabal , P. and Daloz , J-P. 2005 . Culture Troubles: Politics and the Intepretation of Meaning. London : C. Hurst. .
- Chalfin , B. 2008 . ‘Cars, the Customs Service and sumptuary rule in neoliberal Ghana’ in . Comparative Studies in Society and History , 50 ( 2 ) : 424 – 53 .
- Clark , G. , ed. 1988 . Traders Versus the State: Anthropological Approaches to Unofficial Economies. Boulder : Westview Press. .
- Collier , P. and Hoeffler , A. 2000 . ‘Greed and grievance in civil war’, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, no. 2355 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=630727
- Collier , P. and Sambanis , N. 2005 . Understanding Civil War: Africa. Washington DXC : World Bank. .
- Fjeldstad , O-H. and Therkildsen , O. 2008 . “ ‘Mass taxation and state-society relations in East Africa’ ” . In Taxation and State-Building in Developing Countries: Capacity and Consent. Edited by: Bräutigam , D. , Fjeldstad , O-H. and Moore , M. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. .
- Fjeldstad , O-H. and Moore , M. 2009 . ‘Revenue authorities and public authority in sub-Saharan Africa’ in . Journal of Modern African Studies , 47 ( 1 ) : 1 – 18 .
- Guha , R. and Spivak , G. C. , eds. 1988 . Selected Subaltern Studies. New York : Oxford University Press. .
- Hansen , K. T. 2000 . Salaula: The World of Secondhand Clothing and Zambia. Chicago & London : University of Chicago Press. .
- Hodder-Williams , R. 1986 . ‘African studies: back to the future’ in . African Affairs , 85 ( 341 ) : 593 – 604 .
- Honwana , A. and De Boeck , F. , eds. 2005 . Makers and Breakers: Children and Youth in Postcolonial Africa. Oxford : James Currey. .
- Igue , J. O. and Soulé , B. G. 1992 . L'Etat entrepôt au Benin: commerce informel ou solution à la crise. Paris : Karthala. .
- Iliffe , J. 2005 . Honour in African History. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. .
- Jeffries , R. 1978 . Class, Power and Ideology in Ghana: The Railwaymen of Sekondi. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. .
- Kriger , N. 1992 . Zimbabwe's Guerrilla War: Peasant Voices. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. .
- Lan , D. 1985 . Guns and Rain: Guerrillas and Spirit Mediums in Zimbabwe. London, Berkeley & Los Angeles : James Currey & California University Press. .
- Leys , C. 1996 . The Rise and Fall of Development Theory. London & Bloomington : James Currey & Indiana University Press. .
- Lieberman , Evan S. 2003 . Race and Regionalism in the Politics of Taxation in Brazil and South Africa. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. .
- Locatelli , F. and Nugent , P. , eds. 2009 . African Cities: Competing Claims on Urban Spaces. Leiden : Brill. .
- Lonsdale , J. 2000 . ‘The state of African studies 2000’ in . ASAUKNewsletter , 5 ( 19 ) : 1 – 5 .
- Lubeck , P. 1986 . Islam and Urban Labor in Northern Nigeria: The Making of a Muslim Working Class. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. .
- Luckham , R. 1971 . The Nigerian Military. A Sociological Analysis of Authority and Revolt 1960–67. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. .
- Maxwell , D. 1999 . Christians and Chiefs in Zimbabwe: A Social History of the Hwesa People c.1870s-1990s. Edinburgh & London : Edinburgh University Press & International Africa Institute. .
- McCracken , J. 1993 . ‘African history in British Universities: past, present and future’ in . African Affairs , 92 ( 367 ) : 239 – 53 .
- Mbembe , A. 2001 . On the Postcolony. Berkeley, Los Angeles & London : University of California Press. .
- Ndjio , B. 2005 . ‘Carrefours de la joie: popular deconstruction of the African postcolonial sphere’ in . Africa , 75 ( 3 ) : 265 – 94 .
- Nugent , P. 2004 . Africa Since Independence: A Comparative History. Houndmills : Palgrave Macmillan. .
- Nugent , P. 2007 . “ ‘African studies in Britain’ ” . In The Oxford Companion to Black British History. Edited by: Dabydeen , D. , Gilmore , J. and Jones , C. Oxford : Oxford University Press. .
- Nugent , P. 2008 . ‘Putting the history back into ethnicity: enslavement, religion, and cultural brokerage in the construction of Mandinka/Jola and Ewe/Agotime identities in West Africa c.1650–1930’ in . Comparative Studies in Society and History , 50 ( 4 ) : 920 – 48 .
- Piot , C. 1999 . Remotely Global: Village Modernity in West Africa. Chicago & London : Chicago University Press. .
- Potts , D. and Bryceson , D. F. , eds. 2006 . African Urban Economies: Viability, Vitality or Vitiation? Houndmills : Palgrave Macmillan. .
- Ranger , T. 1985 . Peasant Consciousness and Guerrilla War in Zimbabwe. London : James Currey) .
- Ranger , T. 1990 . “ ‘Subaltern Studies and “social history”’ in ” . In Southern African Review of Books 8 – 10 . February/May:
- Ranger , T. 1992 . “ ‘Power, religion and community: the Matobo case’ ” . In Subaltern Studies VII. Edited by: Chatterjee , P. and Pandey , G. 221 – 46 . Delhi : Oxford University Press .
- Redding , S. 2006 . Sorcery and Sovereignty: Taxation, Power and Rebellion in South Africa, 1880–1963. Athens : Ohio University Press. .
- Robertson , A. F. 1985 . ‘Doing research in Africa’ in . African Affairs , 84 ( 335 ) : 279 – 90 .
- Rosenthal , J. 1998 . Possession, Ecstacy and Law in Voodoo Charlottesville & London : University Press of Virginia . (
- Rotberg , R. I. 2008 . China into Africa: Trade, Aid and Influence. Washington DC : Brookings Institution Press. .
- Shaw , R. 2002 . Memories of the Slave Trade: Ritual and the Historical Imagination in Sierra Leone. Chicago & London : University of Chicago Press. .
- Simone , A. 2004 . For the City Yet to Come: Changing African Life in Four Cities. Durham , NC : Duke University Press. .
- Sklar , R. 1963 . Nigerian Political Parties: Power in An Emergent African Nation. Princeton : Princeton University Press. .
- Taylor , I. 2008 . China's New Role in Africa. Boulder : Lynne Rienner. .
- Twaddle , M. 1986 . ‘The state of African studies’ in . African Affairs , 85 : 439 – 446 . 340
- Van Onselen , C. 1976 . Chibaro: African Mine Labour in Southern Rhodesia, 1900–1933. London : Pluto Press. .