References
- Akinsoji, A. 2013. “Vegetation Dynamics of Fire Experimental Plots at Olokemeji Forest Reserve Nigeria.” Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Horticulture 3 (16): 128–133.
- Alison, G. M., L. E. E. Brown, R. A. Fisher, H. L. Nicastro, D. C. Tabor, and J. R. Walker. 2019. “Food Insecurity and Obesity: Research Gaps, Opportunities, and Challenges.” Translational Behavioral Medicine 9 (5): 980–987. doi:https://doi.org/10.1093/tbm/ibz117.
- Anríquez, G., and G. Toledo. 2019. “De-climatizing Food Security: Lessons From Climate Change Micro-Simulations in Peru.” PLoS ONE 14 (9): e0222483. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222483.
- Ayalew, A. D., A. Ayalew, and K. Deininger. 2009. “Rural Land Certification in Ethiopia: Process, Initial Impact, and Implications for Other African Countries.” World Development 36 (10): 1786–1812.
- Behera, M. D., S. K. Behera, and S. Sharma. 2019. “Recent Advances in Biodiversity and Climate Change Studies in India.” Biodiversity and Conservation 28: 1943–1951. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-019-01781-0.
- Bodin, B., and C. Santamari. 2016. Updated Assessment of Progress Towards Aichi Biodiversity Targets 5 and 15. Montreal, Canada: Secretariat Convention on Biological Diversity.
- Braun, V., and V. Clarke. 2006. “Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology.” Qualitative Research in Psychology 3 (2): 77–101.
- Burns, D., J. Klaus, and M. R. McHale. 2006. “Recent Climate Trends and Implications for Water Resources in the Catskill, Mountain Region, New York, USA.” Journal of Hydrology 336 (1): 155–170.
- Byamukama, B., C. Carey, M. Cole, J. Dyszynski, and M. Warnest. 2011. “National Strategy on Climate Change and Low Carbon Development for Rwanda Baseline Report.” https://cdkn.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/12/FINAL-Baseline-Report-Rwanda-CCLCD-Strategy-super-low-res.pdf.
- Cadena, M., A. Virnig, T. Tyrrell, A. Rhodes, and J. Ervin. 2017. Resilience Thinking: A Catalyst to National Biodiversity Plans. Winnipeg, Canada: SDG knowledge hub. International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD).
- Cohen-Shacham, E., G. Walters, C. Janzen, and S. Maginnis. 2016. Nature-based Solutions to Address Global Societal Challenges. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.
- Drissi, S. 2020. “Indigenous Peoples and the Nature They Protect.” https://www.unenvironment.org/news-and-stories/story/indigenous-peoples-and-nature-they-protect.
- Ebi, K. L., N. H. Ogden, J. C. Semenza, and A. Woodward. 2017. “Detecting and Attributing Health Burdens to Climate Change.” Environmental Health Perspectives 125: 085004. doi:https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1509.
- Epple, C., S. García Rangel, M. Jenkins, and M. Guth. 2016. Managing Ecosystems in the Context of Climate Change Mitigation: A Review of Current Knowledge and Recommendations to Support Ecosystem-Based Mitigation Actions that Look Beyond Terrestrial Forests. Technical Series No.86. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montreal.
- Fischer and Killmann. 2008. Illustrated field guide to the plants of Nyungwe National Park. Koblenz and Landau: Universität Koblenz-Landau.
- Fox, M., C. Zuidema, B. Bauman, T. Burke, and M. Sheehan. 2019. “Integrating Public Health Into Climate Change Policy and Planning: State of Practice Update.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16 (18): 3232. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183232.
- Gandiwa, E. 2011. “Effects of Repeated Burning on Woody Vegetation Structure and Compositionin a Semiarid Southern African Savanna.” International Journal of Environmental Sciences 2 (2): 468–471.
- Griscom, B. W., J. Adams, P. W. Ellis, R. A. Houghton, G. Lomax, D. A. Miteva, W. H. Schlesinger, D. Shoch, and J. V. Siikamäki. 2017. “Natural Climate Solutions.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114: 11645–11650. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1710465114.
- Gross-Camp, N., M. Adrian, M. Shawn, and K. Bereket. 2015. “Society: The Privatization of the Nyungwe National Park Buffer Zone and Implications for Adjacent Communities.” Society and Natural Resources 28: 296–311. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/08941920.2014.948246.
- Herr, D., and E. Landis. 2016. Coastal Blue Carbon Ecosystems. Opportunities for Nationally Determined Contributions. Policy Brief. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN and Washington, DC, USA: TNC.
- Israel, Glenn D. 1992. “Sampling the Evidence of Extension Program Impact. Program Evaluation and Organizational Development.” IFAS, University of Florida. PEOD-5.
- Jun’ya, T., F. Shinichiro, N. Hanasaki, T. Hasegawa, Y. Hirabayashi, and T. Honda. 2019. “Dependence of Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Anthropogenically Directed Pathways.” Nature Climate Change 9 (10): 737–741. doi:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-019-0578-6.
- Kanyamibwa, S. 1992. “The Biodiversity of Rwanda’s Mountain Forests and the Problems of Their Conservation.” Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources, MINAGRI) Conference, (n.d.), National Day of the Tree, Kigali, Rwanda.
- Mant, R., E. Perry, M. Heath, R. Munroe, E. Väänänen, C. Großheim, and L. Kümper-Schlake. 2014. Addressing Climate Change – Why Biodiversity Matters. Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC.
- Marrakech Partnership, Global Alliances for Water and Climate, French Water Partnership. 2017. International Declaration: Nature-Based Solutions for Water Management Under Climate Change. Bonn, Germany https://www.riob.org/sites/default/files/IMG/pdf/High_level_declaration_Nature_based_solutions_final_EN-3.pd.
- Megersa, T. 2011. “Assessing the Role of Traditional Land Management Practices in Improving Cropland Productivity: The Case of Diga Woreda.” Doctoral dissertation, Ambo University, Ambo, Oromia, Ethiopia.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Rwanda. 2019. “Climate Change Profile Rwanda.” https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/Rwanda_3.pdf.
- Mugenda, O. M., and A. G. Mugenda. 2003. Research Methods: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. Nairobi: African Centre for Technology Studies.
- Republic of Rwanda. 2006. “National Adaptation Programme of Action to Climate Change: NAPA-Rwanda. 2006. Kigali: Ministry of Lands, Forestry, Water and Mines. https://www.preventionweb.net/files/8564_rwa01e.pdf.
- Republic of Rwanda. 2010. “Environment Subsector Strategic Plan 2010-2014.” Prepared for the Environment Thematic Working Group, Rwanda Environment Management Authority (REMA). Kigali: Ministry of Lands and Environment.
- Nelson, C. G., M. W. Rosegrant, J. Koo, R. Robertson, T. Sulser, T. Zhu, S. Msangi. et al. 2009. Climate Change: Impact on Agriculture and Costs of Adaptation. Food Policy Report. Washington DC.: International Food Policy Research Institute. http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/rome2007/docs/Impact_on_Agriculture_and_Costs_of_Adaptation.pdf.
- Niesenbaum, R. A. 2019. “The Integration of Conservation, Biodiversity, and Sustainability.” Sustainability 11 (17): 4676. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174676.
- Paltridge, R., and P. Latz. 2009. “Fire Management Plan for Mann Ranges and Musgrave Ranges Fire Management Region of Anangu Pitjan tjatjaraYunkuny tjatjara Land.” A Report prepared for Anangu Pitjan tjatjaraYunkuny tjatjara Desert Wildlife Service. Alice Springs, Australia: Anangu Pitjan tjatjaraYunkuny tjatjara Desert Wildlife Service.
- Plumptre, A. J. 2004. The Socio-Economic Status of People Living Near Protected Areas in the Central Albertine Rift. Albertine Rift Technical Reports Series 4.
- Plumptre, A. J., M. Masozera, P. J. Fashing, A. McNeilage, C. Ewango, and B. A. Kaplin Liengola. 2002. “Biodiversity Surveys of the Nyungwe Forest Reserve in S.W. Rwanda.” WCS Working Papers, No. 18. Bronx, NY: Wildlife Conservation Society. Available for download from http://www.wcs.org/science/.
- Pyke, A., M. L. Brooks, and C. D’Antonio. 2010. “Fire as a Restoration Tool: A Decision Framework for Predicting the Control or Enhancement of Plants Using Fire”. The Journal of the Society for Ecological Restoration International 18 (3): 274–284. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100X.2010.00658.x.
- Ray, D. K., P. C. West, M. Clark, J. S. Gerber, A. V. Prishchepov, and S. Chatterjee. 2019. “Climate Change has Likely Already Affected Global Food Production.” PLoS ONE 14 (5): e0217148. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217148.
- Rwanda Energy Group. 2019. “Environmental Management Plan (EMP) for Plant Design, Supply and Installation of Low Voltage and Medium Voltage Lines for Productive Users in Rwanda.” https://www.reg.rw/fileadmin/user_upload/EMP_for_Productive_users1.pdf.
- Sayer, J., T. Sunderland, J. Ghazoul, J.-L. Pfund, D. Sheil, E. Meijaard, M. Venter, A. K. Boedhihartono, M. Day, and C. Garcia. 2013. “Ten Principles for a Landscape Approach to Reconciling Agriculture, Conservation, and Other Competing Land Uses.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (21): 8349–8356.
- Schnitter, R., and P. Berry. 2019. “The Climate Change, Food Security and Human Health Nexus in Canada: A Framework to Protect Population Health.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16 (14): 2531. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16142531.
- Schultz, M., T. D. Tyrrell, and T. Ebenhard. 2016. The 2030 Agenda and Ecosystems—A Discussion Paper on the Links between Aichi Biodiversity Targets and the Sustainable Development Goals. Stockholm, Sweden: SwedBio at Stockholm Resilience Centre.
- Smith, R., O. Guevara, W. Lauren, D. Nigel, V. Petrone-Mendoza, C. Martin, and R. Andrew. 2019. “Ensuring Co-Benefits for Biodiversity, Climate Change and Sustainable Development.” https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98681-4_9.
- Sterling, E. J., E. Betley, A. Sigouin, A. Gomez, A. Toomey, G. Cullman, C. Malone, et al. 2017. “Assessing the Evidence for Stakeholder Engagement in Biodiversity Conservation.” Biological Conservation 209: 159–171.
- Swiderska, K. 2020. Protecting Indigenous Cultures is Crucial for Saving the World’s Biodiversity. https://www.iied.org/protecting-indigenous-cultures-crucial-for-saving-worlds-biodiversity.
- Tarasuk, V., A. Fafard St-Germain, and A. Mitchell. 2019. “Geographic and Socio-Demographic Predictors of Household Food Insecurity in Canada, 2011–12.” BMC Public Health 19 (12). doi:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-6344-2.
- Thompson, A. 2014. Major Greenhouse Gas Reductions Needed by 2050: IPCC. Climate central. http://www.climatecentral.org/news/major-greenhouse-gas-reductions-needed-to-curtail-climate-change-ipcc-17300.
- U.N. 2019. Global Conference on Strengthening Synergies between the Paris Agreement on Climate Change and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/25256WEB_version.pdf.
- UNDP. 2020. “Biodiversity and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.” Technical note. https://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/SDGs/English/Biodiversity_2030_Agenda_Technical_Note.pdf.
- UNFCCC. 2015. Paris Agreement. Paris, France: UNFCCC.
- United Nations. 2019. Progress of Goal 13. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/sdg13.
- University of Notre Dame. 2020. “Global Adaptation Index-Rwanda.” https://gain-new.crc.nd.edu/country/rwanda.
- USAID. 2018. “Global Climate in 2015–2019: Climate Change Accelerates.” https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/rwanda-greenhouse-gas-emissions-ghg-factsheet.
- USAID. 2019. Climate Risk Profile: Rwanda. https://www.climatelinks.org/resources/climate-risk-profile-rwanda.
- Watts, N., M. Amann, S. Ayeb-Karlsson, K. Belesova, T. Bouley, M. Boykoff, P. Byass, W. Cai, D. Campbell-Lendrum, and J. Chambers. 2018. “The Lancet Countdown on Health and Climate Change: From 25 Years of Inaction to a Global Transformation for Public Health.” The Lancet 391 (10120): 581–630. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32464-9.
- World Bank Data. 2020. “Population Density.” http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.POP.DNST.
- World Meteorological Organization. 2020. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Factsheet: Rwanda. https://public.wmo.int/en/media/press-release/global-climate-2015-2019-climate-change-accelerates.
- Yamane, Taro. 1967. Statistics: An Introductory Analysis. 2nd ed. New York: Harper and Row.