Shifts of spatial attention cued by irrelevant numbers: Electrophysiological evidence from a target discrimination task

REFERENCES

• Ansari, D. (2008). Effects of development and enculturation on number representation in the brain. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 9, 278–291. doi:10.1038/nrn2334
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashkenazi, S., & Henik, A. (2010). A disassociation between physical and mental number bisection in developmental dyscalculia. Neuropsychologia, 48, 2861–2868. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.05.028
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awh, E., Anllo-Vento, L., & Hillyard, S. A. (2000). The role of spatial selective attention in working memory for locations: Evidence from event-related potentials. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 12, 840–847. doi:10.1162/089892900562444
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Awh, E., & Jonides, J. (2001). Overlapping mechanisms of attention and spatial working memory. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 5, 119–126. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01593-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bächtold, D., Baumüller, M., & Brugger, P. (1998). Stimulus-response compatibility in representational space. Neuropsychologia, 36, 731–735. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(98)00002-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barsalou, L. W. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 617–645. doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.59.103006.093639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonato, M., Priftis, K., Marenzi, R., & Zorzi, M. (2009). Normal and impaired reflexive orienting of attention following central non-predictive cues. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21, 745–759. doi:10.1162/jocn.2009.21054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brefczynski, J. A., & DeYoe, E. A. (1999). A physiological correlate of the ‘spotlight’ of visual attention. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 370–374. doi:10.1038/7280
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Calabria, M., & Rossetti, Y. (2005). Interference between number processing and line bisection: A methodology. Neuropsychologia, 43, 779–783. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.06.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cantlon, J. F. (2012). Math, monkeys, and the developing brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 109, 10725–10732. doi:10.1073/pnas.1201893109
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Casarotti, M., Michielin, M., Zorzi, M., & Umiltà, C. (2007). Temporal order judgment reveals how number magnitude affects visuospatial attention. Cognition, 102(1), 101–117. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.09.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cattaneo, Z., Silvanto, J., Battelli, L., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2009). The mental number line modulates visual cortical excitability. Neuroscience Letters, 462, 253–256. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.07.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chanon, V. W., & Hopfinger, J. B. (2011). ERPs reveal similar effects of social gaze orienting and voluntary attention, and distinguish each from reflexive attention. Attention, Perception, and Psychophysics, 73, 2502–2513. doi:10.3758/s13414-011-0209-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chica, A. B., Bartolomeo, P., & Lupiáñez, J. (2013). Two cognitive and neural systems for endogenous and exogenous spatial attention. Behavioural Brain Research, 237, 107–123. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.09.027
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cohen Kadosh, R., Lammertyn, J., & Izard, V. (2008). Are numbers special? An overview of chronometric, neuroimaging, developmental and comparative studies of magnitude representation. Progress in Neurobiology, 84, 132–147. doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.11.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehaene, S. (1996). The organization of brain activations in number comparison: Event-related potentials and the additive-factors method. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 8(1), 47–68. doi:10.1162/jocn.1996.8.1.47
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dehaene, S. (2001). Précis of “the number sense”. Mind & Language, 16, 16–36. doi:10.1111/1468-0017.00154
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Hevia, M. D., Girelli, L., & Vallar, G. (2005). Numbers and space: A cognitive illusion? Experimental Brain Research, 168, 254–264. doi:10.1007/s00221-005-0084-0
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodd, M. D., Van der Stigchel, S., Adil Leghari, M., Fung, G., & Kingstone, A. (2008). Attentional SNARC: There's something special about numbers let us count the ways. Cognition, 108, 810–818. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2008.04.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dodd, M. D., Van der Stigchel, S., & Hollingworth, A. (2009). Novelty is not always the best policy: Inhibition of return and facilitation of return as a function of visual task. Psychological Science, 20, 333–339. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2009.02294
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Doricchi, F., Guariglia, P., Gasparini, M., & Tomaiuolo, F. (2005). Dissociation between physical and mental number line bisection in right hemisphere brain damage. Nature Neuroscience, 8, 1663–1665. doi:10.1038/nn1563
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eimer, M. (1993). Spatial cueing, sensory gating and selective response preparation: An ERP study on visuo-spatial orienting. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 88, 408–420. doi:10.1016/0168-5597(93)90017-J
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Fichtenholtz, H. M., Hopfinger, J. B., Graham, R., Detwiler, J. M., & LaBar, K. S. (2007). Happy and fearful emotion in cues and targets modulates event-related potential indices of gaze-directed attentional orienting. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 2, 323–333. doi:10.1093/scan/nsm026
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fichtenholtz, H. M., Hopfinger, J. B., Graham, R., Detwiler, J. M., & LaBar, K. S. (2009). Event-related potentials reveal temporal staging of dynamic emotional expression and gaze shift effects on attentional orienting. Social Neuroscience, 4, 317–331. doi:10.1080/17470910902809487
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, M. H. (2012). A hierarchical view of grounded, embodied, and situated numerical cognition. Cognitive Processing, 13, 161–164. doi:10.1007/s10339-012-0477-5
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, M. H. (2001). Number processing induces spatial performance biases. Neurology, 57, 822–826. doi:10.1212/WNL.57.5.822
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fischer, M. H., & Brugger, P. (2011). When digits help digits: Spatial-numerical associations point to finger counting as prime example of embodied cognition. Frontiers in Psychology, 17, 2–260.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer, M. H., Castel, A. D., Dodd, M. D., & Pratt, J. (2003). Perceiving numbers causes spatial shifts of attention. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 555–556. doi:10.1038/nn1066
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folk, C. L., Remington, R. W., & Wright, J. H. (1994). The structure of attentional control: Contingent attentional capture by apparent motion, abrupt onset, and colour. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 20, 317–329. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.20.2.317
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Galfano, G., Rusconi, E., & Umiltà, C. (2006). Number magnitude orients attention, but not against one's will. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 869–874. doi:10.3758/BF03194011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gevers, W., Caessens, B., & Fias, W. (2005). Towards a common processing architecture underlying Simon and SNARC effects. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 17, 659–673. doi:10.1080/09541440540000112
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Göbel, S. M., Calabria, M., Farne, A., & Rossetti, Y. (2006). Parietal rTMS distorts the mental number line: Simulating ‘spatial’ neglect in healthy subjects. Neuropsychologia, 44, 860–868. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.09.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goffaux, V., Martin, R., Dormal, G., Goebel, R., & Schiltz, C. (2011). Attentional shifts induced by uninformative number symbols modulate neural activity in human occipital cortex. Neuropsychologia, 50, 3419–3428. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.09.046
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Handy, T. C., & Mangun, G. R. (2000). Attention and spatial selection: Electrophysiological evidence for modulation by perceptual load. Perception & Psychophysics, 62(1), 175–186. doi:10.3758/BF03212070
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harter, M. R., Miller, S. L., Price, N. J., Lalonde, M. E., & Keyes, A. L. (1989). Neural processes involved in directing attention. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 1, 223–237. doi:10.1162/jocn.1989.1.3.223
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Herrera, A., & Macizo, P. (2011). When symbolic spatial cues go before numbers. Psicologica, 32, 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hietanen, J. K., Leppänen, J. M., Nummenmaa, L., & Astikainen, P. (2008). Visuospatial attention shifts by gaze and arrow cues: An ERP study. Brain Research, 1215, 123–136. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.03.091
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillyard, S. A., Vogel, E. K., & Luck, S. J. (1998). Sensory gain control (amplification) as a mechanism of selective attention: Electrophysiological and neuroimaging evidence. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences, 353, 1257–1270. doi:10.1098/rstb.1998.0281
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoffmann, D., Goffaux, V., & Schiltz, C. (2011, April). Facilitation and inhibition of return using numbers as attentional cues. 18th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Neuroscience Society, San Francisco, CA.
   Google Scholar
• Hopf, J. M., & Mangun, G. R. (2000). Shifting visual attention in space: An electrophysiological analysis using high spatial resolution mapping. Clinical Neurophysiology, 111, 1241–1257. doi:10.1016/S1388-2457(00)00313-8
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kelly, S. P., Gomez Ramirez, M., & Foxe, J. J. (2008). Spatial attention modulates initial afferent activity in human primary visual cortex. Cerebral Cortex, 18, 2629–2636. doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Knops, A., Thirion, B., Hubbard, E. M., Michel, V., & Dehaene, S. (2009). Recruitment of an area involved in eye movements during mental arithmetic. Science, 324, 1583–1585. doi:10.1126/science.1171599
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Koten, J. W. Jr, Lonnemann, J., Willmes, K., & Knops, A. (2011). Micro and macro pattern analyses of FMRI data support both early and late interaction of numerical and spatial information. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 5, 115. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2011.00115
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lakoff, G., & Nunez, R. (2000). Where mathematics comes from. New York, NY: Basic Books.
   Google Scholar
• Lauritzen, T. Z., D'Esposito, M., Heeger, D. J., & Silver, M. A. (2009). Top-down flow of visual spatial attention signals from parietal to occipital cortex. Journal of Vision, 9, 18.1–14. doi:10.1167/9.13.18
   Google Scholar
• Libertus, M. E., Woldorff, M. G., & Brannon, E. M. (2007). Electrophysiological evidence for notation intendance in numerical processing. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 3(1), 1–15. doi:10.1186/1744-9081-3-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindemann, O., & Fischer, M. H. (2014). Embodiment of human number cognition. Manuscript submitted for publication.
   Google Scholar
• Lisi, M., Ranzini, M., Pitteri, M., Blini, E. A., Treccani, B., Priftis, K., & Zorzi, M. (2014). Bidirectional link between numbers and space: An investigation with optokinetic stimulation. Manuscript submitted for publication.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, C., Tang, H., Luo, Y. J., & Mai, X. (2011). Multi-representation of symbolic and nonsymbolic numerical magnitude in Chinese number processing. PLoS One, 6(4), 1–12. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0019373
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loetscher, T., Bockisch, C. J., Nicholls, M. E., & Brugger, P. (2010). Eye position predicts what number you have in mind. Current Biology, 20, R264–R265. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2010.01.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Longo, M. R., & Lourenco, S. F. (2007). Spatial attention and the mental number line: Evidence for characteristic biases and compression. Neuropsychologia, 45, 1400–1407. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.11.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Luck, S. J., Woodman, G. F., & Vogel, E. K. (2000). Event-related potential studies of attention. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4, 432–440. doi:10.1016/S1364-6613(00)01545-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magnée, M. J. C. M., Kahn, R. S., Cahn, W., & Kemner, C. (2011). More prolonged brain activity related to gaze cueing in schizophrenia. Clinical Neurophysiology, 122, 506–511. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2010.07.014
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mangun, G. R. (1995). Neural mechanisms of visual selective attention. Psychophysiology, 32(1), 4–18. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1995.tb03400.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinez, A., Anllo-Vento, L., Sereno, M. I., Frank, L. R., Buxton, R. B., Dubowitz, D. J., … Hillyard, S. A. (1999). Involvement of striate and extrastriate visual cortical areas in spatial attention. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 364–369. doi:10.1038/7274
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mejias, S., & Schiltz, C. (2013). Estimation abilities of large numerosities in Kindergartners. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 518. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00518
   Google Scholar
• Mussolin, C., Martin, R., & Schiltz, C. (2011). Relationships between number and space processing in adults with and without dyscalculia. Acta Psychologica, 138, 193–203. doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.06.004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nieder, A. (2004). The number domain- can we count on parietal cortex? Neuron, 44, 407–409. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.10.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nobre, A. C., Sebestyen, G. N., & Miniussi, C. (2000). The dynamics of shifting visuospatial attention revealed by event-related potentials. Neuropsychologia, 38, 964–974. doi:10.1016/S0028-3932(00)00015-4
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Petersen, S. E., & Posner, M. I. (2012). The attention system of the human brain: 20 years after. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 35(1), 73–89. doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150525
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pinel, P., Dehaene, S., Rivière, D., & LeBihan, D. (2001). Modulation of parietal activation by semantic distance in a number comparison task. NeuroImage, 14, 1013–1026. doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0913
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Praamstra, P., Boutsen, L., & Humphreys, G. W. (2005). Frontoparietal control of spatial attention and motor intention in human EEG. Journal of Neurophysiology, 94, 764–774. doi:10.1152/jn.01052.2004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Praamstra, P., & Kourtis, D. (2010). An early parietal ERP component of the frontoparietal system: EDAN not = N2pc. Brain Research, 1317, 203–210. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.12.090
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pratt, J., & Hommel, B. (2003). Symbolic control of visual attention: The role of working memory and attentional control settings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 29, 835–845. doi:10.1037/0096-1523.29.5.835
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ranzini, M., Dehaene, S., Piazza, M., & Hubbard, E. M. (2009). Neural mechanisms of attentional shifts due to irrelevant spatial and numerical cues. Neuropsychologia, 47, 2615–2624. doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.05.011
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ristic, J., Wright, A., & Kingstone, A. (2006). The number line effect reflects top-down control. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 13, 862–868. doi:10.3758/BF03194010
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rugani, R., Kelly, D. M., Szelest, I., Regolin, L., & Vallortigara, G. (2010). Is it only humans that count from left to right? Biological Letter, 6, 290–292. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0960
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rugani, R., & Regolin, L. (2014). At the root of the left-right asymmetries in spatial numerical processing: A comparative approach. Manuscript submitted for publication.
   Google Scholar
• Rugani, R., Vallortigara, G., Vallini, B., & Regolin, L. (2011). Asymmetrical number-space mapping in the avian brain. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 95, 231–238. doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2010.11.012
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusconi, E., Bueti, D., Walsh, V., & Butterworth, B. (2011). Contribution of frontal cortex to the spatial representation of number. Cortex, 47(1), 2–13. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2009.08.005
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rusconi, E., Dervinis, M., Verbruggen, F., & Chambers, C. D. (2013). Critical time course of right frontoparietal involvement in mental number space. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 25, 465–483. doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00330
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rushworth, M. F., Ellison, A., & Walsh, V. (2001). Complementary localization and lateralisation of orienting and motor attention. Nature Neuroscience, 4, 656–661. doi:10.1038/88492
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salillas, E., El Yagoubi, R., & Semenza, C. (2008). Sensory and cognitive processes of shifts of spatial attention induced by numbers: An ERP study. Cortex, 44, 406–413. doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2007.08.006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schneider, W., Eschman, A., & Zuccolotto, A. (2002). E-prime user's guide. Pittsburgh, PA: Psychology Software Tools.
   Google Scholar
• Schuller, A.-M., & Rossion, B. (2001). Spatial attention triggered by eye gaze increases and speeds up early visual activity. Neuroreport, 12, 2381–2386. doi:10.1097/00001756-200108080-00019
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuller, A.-M., & Rossion, B. (2004). Perception of static eye gaze perception facilitates subsequent early visual processing. Clinical Neurophysiology, 115, 1161–1168. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2003.12.022
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schuller, A.-M., & Rossion, B. (2005). Spatial attention triggered by eye gaze enhances and speeds up visual processing in upper and lower fields beyond early striate visual processing. Clinical Neurophysiology, 116, 2565–2576. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2005.07.021
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shaki, S., Seri, N., & Fischer, M. H. (2014). 1+2 is more than 2+1. JCP current special issue.
   Google Scholar
• Silver, M. A., Ress, D., & Heeger, D. J. (2007). Neural correlates of sustained spatial attention in human early visual cortex. Journal of Neurophysiology, 97, 229–237. doi:10.1152/jn.00677.2006
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simon, J. R. (1969). Reaction toward the source of stimulation. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 81(1), 174–176. doi:10.1037/h0027448
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Stoianov, I., Kramer, P., Umiltà, C., & Zorzi, M. (2008). Visuospatial priming of the mental number line. Cognition, 106, 770–779. doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2007.04.013
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Temple, E., & Posner, M. I. (1998). Brain mechanisms of quantity are similar in 5- year-olds and adults. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 95, 7836–7841. doi:10.1073/pnas.95.13.7836
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trujillo, L. T., & Schnyer, D. M. (2011). Neurobehavioral correlates of the rapid formation of the symbolic control of visuospatial attention. Psychophysiology, 48, 1227–1241. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.2011.01193
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van Galen, M. S., & Reitsma, P. (2008). Developing access to number magnitude: A study of the SNARC effect in 7- to 9-year-olds. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 101, 99–113. doi:10.1016/j.jecp.2008.05.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Van Velzen, J., & Eimer, M. (2003). Early posterior ERP components do not reflect the control of attentional shifts toward expected peripheral events. Psychophysiology, 40, 827–831. doi:10.1111/1469-8986.00083
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zani, A., & Proverbio, A. M. (2009). Selective attention to spatial frequency gratings affects visual processing as early as 60 msec. poststimulus. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 109(1), 140–158. doi:10.2466/pms.109.1.140-158
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zorzi, M., Priftis, K., & Umiltà, C. (2002). Brain damage: Neglect disrupts the mental number line. Nature, 417, 138–139. doi:10.1038/417138a
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar