The distinct contributions of cause–effect order and reasoning type in judgments of causality

References

• Abed, F. (1991). Cultural influences on visual scanning patterns. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 22(4), 525–534.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ali, N., Chater, N., & Oaksford, M. (2011). The mental representation of causal conditional reasoning: Mental models or causal models. Cognition, 119(3), 403–418.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Asch, S. E. (1946). Forming impressions of personality. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 41, 1230–1124.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barr, N. (2010). Exploring the asymmetrical representation of causal relations in semantic memory (Master’s thesis). University of Waterloo.
   Google Scholar
• Bechlivanidis, C., & Lagnado, D. A. (2013). Does the “why” tell us the “when”? Psychological Science, 24(8), 1563–1572.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettinsoli, M. L., Maass, A., Kashima, Y., & Suitner, C. (2015). Word-order and causal inference: The temporal attribution bias. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 60, 144–149.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettinsoli, M. L., Maass, A., & Suitner, C. (2019). The first, the least and the last: Spatial asymmetries in memory and their relation to script trajectory. Memory & Cognition, 47(2), 229–239.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boroditsky, L. (2001). Does language shape thought?: Mandarin and English speakers’ conceptions of time. Cognitive Psychology, 43(1), 1–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boroditsky, L. (2009). How does our language shape the way we think. What’s Next, 116–129. Retrieved from https://my.uopeople.edu/pluginfile.php/57436/mod_book/chapter/38890/BUS2207U4Text1.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Bright, A. K., & Feeney, A. (2014). The engine of thought is a hybrid: Roles of associative and structured knowledge in reasoning. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(6), 2082–2102.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carreiras, M., Gernsbacher, M. A., & Villa, V. (1995). The advantage of first mention in Spanish. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 2, 124–129.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cobos, P. L., López, F. J., Cano, A., Almaraz, J., & Shanks, D. R. (2002). Mechanisms of predictive and diagnostic causal induction. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 28(4), 331–346.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dougherty, M. R., Gettys, C. F., & Thomas, R. P. (1997). The role of mental simulation in judgments of likelihood. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 70(2), 135–148.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fenker, D. B., Waldmann, M. R., & Holyoak, K. J. (2005). Accessing causal relations in semantic memory. Memory & Cognition, 33(6), 1036–1046.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fernbach, P. M., Darlow, A., & Sloman, S. A. (2010). Neglect of alternative causes in predictive but not diagnostic reasoning. Psychological Science, 21(3), 329–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Friedman, W. J. (2002). Arrows of time in Infancy: The representation of temporal–causal invariances. Cognitive Psychology, 44(3), 252–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gernsbacher, M. A., Goldsmith, H. H., & Robertson, R. R. (1992). Do readers mentally represent characters’ emotional states? Cognition & Emotion, 6, 89–111.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gernsbacher, M. A., & Hargreaves, D. J. (1988). Accessing sentence participants: The advantage of first mention. Journal of Memory and Language, 27, 699–717.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamilton, D. L., & Sherman, S. J. (1996). Perceiving persons and groups. Psychological Review, 103, 336–355.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegarty, P., Watson, N., Fletcher, L., & McQueen, G. (2011). When gentlemen are first and ladies are last: Effects of gender stereotypes on the order of romantic partners’ names. British Journal of Social Psychology, 50, 21–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hopper, P. J. (1979). Aspect and foregrounding in discourse in discourse and syntax. Syntax and Semantics Ann Arbor, Michigan, 12, 213–241.
   Google Scholar
• Johnson, M. G. (1967). Sytatic position and rated meaning. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 6, 240–246.
   Google Scholar
• Kim, S. I., Lee, J. H., & Gernsbacher, M. A. (2004). The advantage of first mention in Korean the temporal contributions of syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic factors. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 33(6), 475–491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kressel, L. M., & Uleman, J. S. (2010). Personality traits function as causal concepts. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(1), 213–216.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Maass, A., Suitner, C., & Nadhmi, F. (2014). What drives the spatial agency bias? An Italian–Malagasy–Arabic comparison study. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 143(3), 991–996.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• MacWhinney, B. (1977). Starting points. Language, 53, 152–168.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McDonald, J. L., Bock, K., & Kelly, M. H. (1993). Word and world order: Semantic, phonological, and metrical determinants of serial position. Cognitive Psychology, 25(2), 188–230.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McGuire, W. J., & McGuire, C. V. (1982). Significant others in self-space: Sex differences and developmental trends in the social self. Psychological Perspectives on the Self, 1, 71–96.
   Google Scholar
• Meder, B., Mayrhofer, R., & Waldmann, M. R. (2014). Structure induction in diagnostic causal reasoning. Psychological Review, 121(3), 277–301.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Medin, D. L., Coley, J. D., Storms, G., & Hayes, B. L. (2003). A relevance theory of induction. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10(3), 517–532.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mollin, S. (2012). Revisiting binomial order in English: Ordering constraints and reversibility. English Language and Linguistics, 16(01), 81–103.
   Google Scholar
• Nelson, D. L., McEvoy, C. L., & Schreiber, T. A. (1998). The University of South Florida word association, rhyme, and word fragment norms. Retrieved from http://w3.usf.edu/FreeAssociation/
   Google Scholar
• Payne, D. L. (Ed.). (1992). Pragmatics of word order flexibility (Vol. 22). Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• R Core Team. (2015). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Retrieved from http://www.R-project.org/
   Google Scholar
• Reips, U. D., & Waldmann, M. R. (2008). When learning order affects sensitivity to base rates: Challenges for theories of causal learning. Experimental Psychology, 55(1), 9–22.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosseel, Y. (2012). lavaan: An R package for structural equation modeling. Journal of Statistical Software, 48(2), 1–36. Retrieved from http://www.jstatsoft.org/v48/i02/
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rozin, P., Berman, L., & Royzman, E. (2010). Biases in use of positive and negative words across twenty natural languages. Cognition and Emotion, 24(3), 536–548.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Satpute, A. B., Fenker, D. B., Waldmann, M. R., Tabibnia, G., Holyoak, K. J., & Lieberman, M. D. (2005). An fMRI study of causal judgments. European Journal of Neuroscience, 22(5), 1233–1238.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Schaller, M., & O’Brien, M. (1992). “Intuitive analysis of covariance” and group stereotype formation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 18(6), 776–785.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Segal, E. M. (1995). Cognitive-phenomenological theory of fictional narrative. In J. F. Duchan, G. A. Bruder, & L. E. Hewitt (Eds.), Deixis in narrative: A cognitive science perspective (pp. 61–78). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
   Google Scholar
• Sloman, S. A., & Lagnado, D. (2015). Causality in thought. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 223–247.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Spirtes, P., Glymour, C., & Scheines, R. (1993). Causation, prediction and search. New York, NY: Springer-Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Steele, C. M. (1997). A threat in the air: How stereotypes shape intellectual identity and performance. American Psychologist, 52(6), 613–629.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suitner, C., & Maass, A. (2016). Spatial agency bias: Representing people in space. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 53, 245–301.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1974). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science, 185(4157), 1124–1131.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1977). Causal thinking in judgment under uncertainty. In R. E. Butts & J. Hintikka (Eds.), Basic problems in methodology and linguistics (Vol. 11. Part three of the proceedings of the fifth international congress of Logic, Methodology and Philosophy of Science, London, Ontario, Canada-1975, pp. 167–190). Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1980). Causal schemas in judgments under uncertainty. Progress in Social Psychology, 1, 49–72.
   Google Scholar
• Van Der Meer, E., Beyer, R., Heinze, B., & Badel, I. (2002). Temporal order relations in language comprehension. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 28(4), 770–779.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• van der Meer, E., Krüger, F., & Nuthmann, A. (2005). The influence of temporal order information in general event knowledge on language comprehension. Zeitschrift für Psychologie/Journal of Psychology, 213(3), 142–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldmann, M. R. (2001). Predictive versus diagnostic causal learning: Evidence from an overshadowing paradigm. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 8(3), 600–608.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldmann, M. R., Hagmayer, Y., & Blaisdell, A. P. (2006). Beyond the information given: Causal models in learning and reasoning. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(6), 307–311.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• White, P. A. (2006). The causal asymmetry. Psychological Review, 113(1), 132–147.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwaan, R. A., & Radvansky, G. A. (1998). Situation models in language comprehension and memory. Psychological Bulletin, 123, 162–185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zwaan, R. A., & Yaxley, R. H. (2003). Spatial iconicity affects semantic relatedness judgments. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 10(4), 954–958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar