Tuberculous pyelonephritis in children: three case reportsFootnote

This paper was presented at the 28th annual conference of the Indian Society of Pediatric Nephrology, 9–11 December 2016, Cuttack, India.

References

• World Health Organization. TB burden estimates, notifications and treatment outcomes for individual countries and territories; 2016. Available from: www.who.int/tb/data
   Google Scholar
• Sharma SK, Mohan A. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Indian J Med Res. 2004;120:316–353.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alvarez S, McCabe WR. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis revisited: a review of experience at Boston city and other hospitals. Medicine. 1984;63:25–55.10.1097/00005792-198401000-00003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia Rodriquez JA, Garcia Sanchez JE, Gomez-Garcia AC, et al. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in a University Hospital in Spain. Eur J Epidemiol. 1989;5:154–157.10.1007/BF00156821
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ustvedt HJ. The relation between renal tuberculosis and primary infection. Tuberculosis. 1947;28:22–25.10.1016/S0041-3879(47)80046-7
   Google Scholar
• Chattopadhyay A, Bhatnagar V, Agarwala S, et al. Genitourinary tuberculosis in pediatric surgical practice. J Pediatr Surg. 1997;32:1283–1286.10.1016/S0022-3468(97)90302-X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abbara A, Davidson RN. Etiology and management of genitourinary tuberculosis. Nat Rev Urol. 2011;8:678–688.10.1038/nrurol.2011.172
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Muttarak M, ChiangMai WN, Lojanapiwat B. Tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract: imaging features with pathological correlation. Singapore Med J. 2005;46:568–574.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Dhandore P, Hombalkar NN, Vaze D. Non-healing sinus on the back: a rare presentation of genitourinary tuberculosis. J Pediatr Urol. 2010;6:423–425.10.1016/j.jpurol.2009.12.008
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Eastwood JB, Corbishley CM, Grange JM. Tuberculosis and the kidney. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2001;12:1307–1314.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daher Ede F, da Silva GB Jr, Barros EJ. Renal tuberculosis in the modern era. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013;88:54–64.10.4269/ajtmh.2013.12-0413
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chijioke A. Current concepts on pathogenesis of renal tuberculosis. West A J Med. 2001;20:107–110.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yarger WE. Urinary tract obstruction. In: Brenner BM, Rector FC, editors. The kidney. 4th ed. Philadelphia (PA): Saunders; 1991. p. 1768–1808.
   Google Scholar
• Nerli RB, Kamat GV, Alur SB, et al. Genitourinary tuberculosis in pediatric urological practice. J Pediatr Urol. 2008;4:299–303.10.1016/j.jpurol.2007.11.016
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Krishnamurthy S, Samanta D, Yadav S. Renal amyloidosis secondary to childhood tuberculosis: a report of two cases. J Postgrad Med. 2009;55:121–123.10.4103/0022-3859.52843
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Narayana A. Overview of renal tuberculosis. Urology. 1982;19:231–237.10.1016/0090-4295(82)90490-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hemal AK, Gupta NP, Rajeev TP, et al. Polymerase chain reaction in clinically suspected genitourinary tuberculosis: comparison with intravenous urography, bladder biopsy and urine acid-fast bacilli culture. Urology. 2000;56:570–574.10.1016/S0090-4295(00)00668-3
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kollins SA, Hartman GW, Carr DT, et al. Roentgenographic findings in urinary tract tuberculosis. A 10 year review. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1974;121:487–499.10.2214/ajr.121.3.487
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Premkumar A, Lattimer J, Newhouse JH. CT and sonography of advanced urinary tract tuberculosis. Am J Roentgenol. 1987;148:65–69.10.2214/ajr.148.1.65
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elkin M. Urogenital tuberculosis. In: Ney C, Friedenberg RM, editors. Clinical urography. Philadelphia (PA): WB Saunders; 1990. p. 1020–1052.
   Google Scholar
• Kapoor R, Ansari MS, Mandhani A, et al. Clinical presentation and diagnostic approach in cases of genitourinary tuberculosis. Indian J Urol. 2008;24:401–405.10.4103/0970-1591.42626
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Tuberculosis of the kidney. In: C Ney, RM Friedenberg, editors. Radiographic atlas of the genitourinary system. 2nd ed. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott; 1981.
   Google Scholar
• Kenney PJ. Imaging of chronic renal infections. Am J Roentgenol. 1990;155:485–494.10.2214/ajr.155.3.2117344
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Merchant SA. Tuberculosis of the genitourinary system. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 1993;3:253–274.
   Google Scholar
• Merchant S, Bharati A, Merchant N. Tuberculosis of the genitourinary system-urinary tract tuberculosis: renal tuberculosis-part I. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2013;23:46–63.10.4103/0971-3026.113615
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ataei N, Madani A, Habibi R, et al. Evaluation of acute pyelonephritis with DMSA scans in children presenting after the age of 5 years. Pediatr Nephrol. 2005;20:1439–1444.10.1007/s00467-005-1925-6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Thoracic Society. Diagnostic standards and classification of tuberculosis in adults and children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2000;161:1376–1395.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Garcia-Rodrigues JA. Genitourinary tuberculosis in Spain: review of 81 cases. Clin Infect Dis. 1994;18:557–561.10.1093/clinids/18.4.557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Christensen WI. Genitourinary tuberculosis: review of 102 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1974;53:377–390.10.1097/00005792-197409000-00004
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gibson MS, Puckett ML, Shelly ME. Renal tuberculosis. RadioGraphics. 2004;24:251–256.10.1148/rg.241035071
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aaronson IA. Urogenital tuberculosis in children. S Afr Med J. 1987;71:424–426.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma N, Sharma V, Singh PR, et al. Diagnostic value of PCR in genitourinary tuberculosis. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2013;28:305–308.10.1007/s12291-012-0279-7
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Arisan S, Sönmez NC, Çakır OO, et al. Polymerase chain reaction is a good diagnostic tool for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in urine samples. J Cell Mol Biol. 2003;2:99–103.
   Google Scholar
• Boehme CC, Nabeta P, Hilleamann D, et al. Rapid molecular detection of tuberculosis and rifampin resistance. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:1005–1015.10.1056/NEJMoa0907847
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillemann D, Rusch-Gerdes S, Boehme C, et al. Rapid molecular detection of extrapulmonarytuberculosis by the automated GeneXpert MTB/RIF system. J Clin Microbiol. 2011;49:1202–1205.10.1128/JCM.02268-10
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Revised National TB Control Programme. Technical and operational guidelines for tuberculosis control in India; 2016. Available from: www.tbcindia.nic.in
   Google Scholar
• Carl P, Stark L. Indications for surgical management of genitourinary tuberculosis. World J Surg. 1997;21:505–510.10.1007/PL00012277
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar