References
- World Health Organization. Revised WHO classification and treatment of childhood pneumonia at health dacilities – evidence summaries. Geneva: WHO; 2015.
- McCulloh RJ, Patel K. Recent developments in pediatric community-acquired pneumonia. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2016;18:204. doi:10.1007/s11908-016-0521-1.
- Victora CG, Requejo JH, Barros AJ, et al. Countdown to 2015: a decade of tracking progress for maternal, newborn, and child survival. Lancet. 2016;387:2049–2059.
- World Health Organization. Antimicrobial resistance global report on surveillance: 2014 summary. Geneva: WHO; 2014.
- UNICEF, World Health Organization. Pneumonia: the forgotten killer of children. Geneva: WHO; 2006.
- Jain S, Williams DJ, Arnold SR, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among U.S. Children. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:835–845.
- Harris M, Clark J, Coote N, et al. British Thoracic Society guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in children: update 2011. Thorax. 2011;66(Suppl 2):ii1–ii23.
- Paediatric Formulary Committee. BNF for children 2016–2017. Vol. 12. London: BMJ Group, Pharmaceutical Press and RCPCH Publications; 2016.
- Sharland M, Butler K, Cant A, et al. OSH manual of childhood infections. The blue book. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2016.
- Esposito S, Cohen R, Domingo JD, et al. Antibiotic therapy for pediatric community-acquired pneumonia: do we know when, what and for how long to treat? Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012;31:e78–e85.
- Le Saux N, Robinson JL, Canadian Paediatric Society for Infectious Diseases, et al. Uncomplicated pneumonia in healthy Canadian children and youth: practice points for management. Pediatr Child Health. 2015;20:441–450.
- Bradley JS, Byington CL, Shah SS, et al. The management of community-acquired pneumonia in infants and children older than 3 months of age: clinical practice guidelines by the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:e25–e76.
- Beijing Children’s Hospital. Population pharmacokinetics of cephalosporins and macrolides in Chinese children with community acquired pneumonia. 2016. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02775968
- Cempra Inc. Safety and efficacy of solithromycin in adolescents and children with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. 2016. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02605122
- Hamilton Health Sciences Corporation, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario. Short-course antimicrobial therapy for paediatric respiratory infections. 2016. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02380352
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Trial to evaluate beta-lactam antimicrobial therapy of community acquired pneumonia in Children. 2016. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02891915.
- University of Malaya, Menzies School of Health Research. Trial on the ideal duration of oral antibiotics in children with pneumonia. 2014. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02258763
- Save the Children, University of North Carolina, University of Washington. 3 days amoxicillin versus placebo for fast breathing childhood pneumonia in Malawi. 2016. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02760420.
- Save the Children, University of North Carolina, University of Washington. 3 days versus 5 days amoxicillin for chest-indrawing childhood pneumonia in Malawi. 2016. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02678195
- Malaria Consortium, World Health Organization. Community case management of chest indrawing pneumonia. 2016. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02878031
- Aga Khan University. Randomized trial of amoxicillin versus placebo for (fast breathing) pneumonia; 2014. Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02372461
- Dose and duration of antibiotic treatment in young children with community-acquired pneumonia. ISRCTN; 2015. Available from: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN76888927
- Cannavino CR, Nemeth A, Korczowski B, et al. A randomized, prospective study of pediatric patients with community-acquired pneumonia treated with ceftaroline versus ceftriaxone. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016;35:752–759.
- Blumer JL, Ghonghadze T, Cannavino C, et al. A multicenter, randomized, observer-blinded, active-controlled study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of ceftaroline compared with ceftriaxone plus vancomycin in pediatric patients with complicated community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2016;35:760–766.
- World Health Organization, United Nations Children’s Fund. Integrated Global Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Pneumonia and Diarrhoea. Geneva: WHO/UNICEF; 2013.
- GAVI Alliance. Progress report 2015. Geneva: GAVI Alliance; 2016.
- Agweyu A, Gathara D, Oliwa J, et al. Oral amoxicillin versus benzyl penicillin for severe pneumonia among kenyan children: a pragmatic randomized controlled noninferiority trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2015;60:1216–1224.
- Patel AB, Bang A, Singh M, et al. A randomized controlled trial of hospital versus home based therapy with oral amoxicillin for severe pneumonia in children aged 3–59 months: The IndiaCLEN Severe Pneumonia Oral Therapy (ISPOT) study. BMC Pediatr. 2015;15:1405. doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0510-9.
- Lodha R, Kabra SK, Pandey RM. Antibiotics for community-acquired pneumonia in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;6:CD004874. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004874.pub4.
- Lassi ZS, Das JK, Haider SW, et al. Systematic review on antibiotic therapy for pneumonia in children between 2 and 59 months of age. Arch Dis Child. 2014;99:687–693.
- McCollum ED, King C, Hollowell R, et al. Predictors of treatment failure for non-severe childhood pneumonia in developing countries – systematic literature review and expert survey – the first step towards a community focused mHealth risk-assessment tool? BMC Pediatr. 2015;15:547. doi:10.1186/s12887-015-0392-x.
- Biondi E, McCulloh R, Alverson B, et al. Treatment of mycoplasma pneumonia: a systematic review. PEDIATRICS. 2014;133:1081–1090.
- Kuehn J, Ismael Z, Long PF, et al. Reported rates of diarrhea following oral penicillin therapy in pediatric clinical trials. J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2015;20:90–104.
- Vernet G, Mary C, Altmann DM, et al. Surveillance for antimicrobial drug resistance in under-resourced countries. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:434–441.
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Europe: annual report of the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Network (EARS-Net). Stockholm: ECDC; 2017. Available from: https://ecdc.europa.eu/sites/portal/files/media/en/publications/Publications/antimicrobial-resistance-europe-2015.pdf. 2015.
- Moore MR, Link-Gelles R, Schaffner W, et al. Effect of use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children on invasive pneumococcal disease in children and adults in the USA: analysis of multisite, population-based surveillance. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15:301–309.
- Moore MR, Link-Gelles R, Schaffner W, et al. Effectiveness of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for prevention of invasive pneumococcal disease in children in the USA: a matched case-control study. Lancet Respir Med. 2016;4:399–406.
- Metcalf BJ, Gertz RE Jr, Gladstone RA, et al. Strain features and distributions in pneumococci from children with invasive disease before and after 13-valent conjugate vaccine implementation in the USA. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2016;22:60.e9–60.e29.
- Alanee SR, McGee L, Jackson D, et al. Association of serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae with disease severity and outcome in adults: an international study. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:46–51.
- McMullan BJ, Andresen D, Blyth CC, et al. Antibiotic duration and timing of the switch from intravenous to oral route for bacterial infections in children: systematic review and guidelines. Lancet Infect Dis. 2016;16:e139–e152.