Children with autism can express social emotions in their drawings

References

• Ashwin, C., Chapman, E., Colle, L. and Baron-Cohen, S. 2006. Impaired recognition of negative basic emotions in autism: A test of the amygdala theory. Social Neuroscience, 1, 349–363. doi:10.1080/17470910601040772.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen, S., 2000. Theory of mind and autism: A review. International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, 23, 169–184. doi:10.1016/S0074-7750(00)80010-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-cohen, S., Spitz, A. and Cross, P. 1993. Do children with autism recognise surprise? A research note. Cognition and Emotion, 7, 507–516. doi:10.1080/02699939308409202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baron-Cohen, S., Golan, O., Wheelwright, S. and Hill, J. 2004. Mindreading: The interactive guide to emotions. London: Jessica Kingsley.
   Google Scholar
• Begeer, S., Koot, H., Rieffe, C., Terwogt, M. and Stegge, H. 2008. Emotional competence in children with autism: Diagnostic criteria and empirical evidence. Developmental Review, 28, 342–369. doi:10.1016/j.dr.2007.09.001.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bonoti, F. and Misalidi, P., 2015. Social emotions in children's human figure drawings: Drawing shame, pride and jealousy. Infant and Child Development, 24, 661–672. doi:10.1002/icd.1918.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brechet, C., Picard, D. and Baldy R. 2007. Expression des emotions dans le dessin d’un home chez l ‘enfant de 5 a 11 ans. Canadian Journal of Experimental Psychology, 61, 142–153. doi:10.1037/cjep2007015.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Brechet, C., Baldy, R. and Picard, D., 2009. How does Sam feel? Children’s labelling and drawing of basic emotions. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 27, 587–606. doi:10.1348/026151008X345564.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Capps, L., Yirmiyat, N. and Sigmant, M., 1992. Understanding of simple and complex emotions in non-retarded children with Autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 1169–1182. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1992.tb00936.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Castelli, F., 2005. Understanding emotions from standardized facial expressions in autism and normal development. Autism, 9, 428–449. doi:10.1177/1362361305056082.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Celani, G., 2002. Human beings, animals and inanimate objects: What do people with autism like? Autism, 6, 93–102. doi:10.1177/1362361302006001007.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Charman, T. and Baron-Cohen, S., 1993. Drawing development in autism: The intellectual to visual realism shift. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 11, 171–185. doi:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1993.tb00596.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cox, M., 2005. The pictorial world of the child. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dedikousi, A., Gonida, E. and Kiosseoglou, G. 2013. Emotional understanding and awareness in school age: The contribution of children’s cognitive performance and their perceptions of parental warmth/coldness. Scientific Annals-School of Psychology, 10, 1–31.
   Google Scholar
• Denham, S., 1998. Emotional development in young children. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Dunn, L.M. and Dunn, L.M., 1981. Peabody picture vocabulary test-revised (PPVT-R). Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service.
   Google Scholar
• Eames, K. and Cox, M., 1994. Visual realism in the drawings of autistic, Down’s syndrome and normal children. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 12, 235–239. doi:10.1111/j.2044-835X.1994.tb00630.x.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ekman, P., 1992. An argument for basic emotions. Cognition and Emotion, 6, 169–200. doi:10.1080/02699939208411068.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fridenson-Hayo, S., Berggren, S., Lassalle, A., Tal, S., Pigat, D., Bölte, S., Baron-Cohen, S. and Golan, O. 2016. Basic and complex emotion recognition in children with autism: cross-cultural findings. Molecular Autism, 7, 938. doi:10.1186/s13229-016-0113-9.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Golomb, C., 1992. The child’s creation of a pictorial world. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Gross, T., 2004. The perception of four basic emotions in human and nonhuman faces by children with autism and other developmental disabilities. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 32, 469–480. doi:10.1023/B:JACP.0000037777.17698.01.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Harris, P.L., 1989. Children and emotion: The development of psychological understanding. Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Heerey, E., Keltner, D. and Capps, L. M. 2003. Making sense of self-conscious emotion: Linking theory of mind and emotion in children with autism. Emotion, 3, 394–400. doi:10.1037/1528-3542.3.4.394.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hillier, A. and Allinson, L., 2002. Understanding embarrassment among those with autism: Breaking down the complex emotion of embarrassment among those with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32, 583–592. doi:10.1023/A:1021259115185.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hobson, R., Chidambi, G., Lee, A., Meyer, J., Müller, U., Carpendale, J., Bibok, M., and Racine, T. 2006. Foundations for self-awareness: An exploration through autism. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 71, 1–166.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolley, R., 2010. Children and pictures: Drawing and understanding. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
   Google Scholar
• Jolley, R., Fenn, K. and Jones, L. 2004. The development of children’s expressive drawing. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 22, 545–567. doi:10.1348/0261510042378236.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jolley, R., O’Kelly, R., Barlow, C. M. and Jarrold, C. 2013. Brief report: Expressive drawing ability in children with autism. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 31, 143–149. doi:10.1111/bjdp.12008.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kushki, A., Chau, T. and Anagnostou, E. 2011. Handwriting difficulties in children with autism spectrum disorders: A scoping review. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 1706–1716. doi:10.1007/s10803-011-1206-0.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, A. and Peter Hobson, R., 2006. Drawing self and others: How do children with autism differ from those with learning difficulties? British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 24, 547–565. doi:10.1348/026151005X49881.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lewis, M., 1995. Self-conscious emotions. American Scientist, 83, 68–78.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lim, H. and Slaughter, V., 2008. Brief report: Human figure drawings by children with Asperger’s syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 988–994. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0468-z.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lombardo, M. and Baron-Cohen, S., 2010. Unraveling the paradox of the autistic self. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 1, 393–403. doi:10.1002/wcs.45.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Losh, M. and Capps, L., 2006. Understanding of emotional experience in autism: Insights from the personal accounts of high-functioning children with autism. Developmental Psychology, 42, 809–818. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.42.5.809.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lozier, L., Vanmeter, J. and Marsh, A. 2014. Impairments in facial affect recognition associated with autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis. Development and Psychopathology, 26, 933–945. doi:10.1017/S0954579414000479.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martens, J., Tracy, J. and Shariff, A. 2012. Status signals: Adaptive benefits of displaying and observing the nonverbal expressions of pride and shame. Cognition and Emotion, 26, 390–406. doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.645281.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Misailidi, P. and Bonoti, F., 2008. Emotion in children’s art. Do young children understand the emotions expressed in other children’s drawings? Journal of Early Childhood Research, 6, 189–200. doi:10.1177/1476718X08088677.
   Google Scholar
• Misalidi, P. and Bonoti, F., 2014. Children’s use of expressive drawing strategies: The effects of mood, age and topic. Early Child Development and Care, 184, 882–896. doi:10.1080/03004430.2013.823409.
   Google Scholar
• Nuske, H., Vivanti, G. and Dissanayake, C. 2013. Are emotion impairments unique to, universal, or specific in autism spectrum disorder? A comprehensive review. Cognition & Emotion, 27, 1042–1061. doi:10.1080/02699931.2012.762900.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Picard, D. and Gauthier, C., 2012. The development of expressive drawing abilities during childhood and into adolescence. Child Development Research, Article ID 925063, 7. doi: 10.1155/2012/925063.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Picard, D., Brechet, C. and Baldy, R. 2007. Expressive strategies in drawing are related to age and topic. Journal of Nonverbal Behavior, 31, 243–257. doi:10.007/s10919-007-0035-5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribordy, S., Camras, L., Stefani, R. and Spaccarelli, S. 1988. Vignettes for emotion recognition research and affective therapy with children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 17, 322–325. doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1704_4.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutherford, M. and Towns, A., 2008. Scan path differences and similarities during emotion perception in those with and without autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1371–1381. doi:10.1007/s10803-007-0525-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Selfe, L., 1985. Anomalous drawing development: Some clinical studies. In: N.H. Freeman and M.V. Cox, eds. Visual order: The nature and development of pictorial representation. London: Cambridge University Press, 135–154.
   Google Scholar
• Simos, P., Sideridis, G., Protopapas, A. and Mouzaki, A. 2011. Psychometric evaluation of a receptive vocabulary test for Greek elementary students. Assessment for Effective Intervention, 37, 34–49. doi:10.1177/1534508411413254.
   Google Scholar
• Tracy, J. and Robins, R., 2004. Show your pride: Evidence for a discrete emotion expression. Psychological Science, 15, 194–197. doi:10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.01503008.x.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tracy, J.L., Robins, R. W., & Tangney, J. P., eds. 2007. The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research. New York: Guilford Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tracy, J., Robins, R., Schriber, R. and Solomon, M. 2011. Is emotion recognition impaired in individuals with autism spectrum disorders? Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 102–109. doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1030-y.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Uljarevic, M. and Hamilton, A., 2013. Recognition of emotions in autism: A formal meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 1517–1526. doi:10.1007/s10803-012-1695-5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, S., Coleman, M. and Bailey, A. 2008. An investigation of basic facial expression recognition in autism spectrum disorders. Cognition and Emotion, 22, 1353–1380. doi:10.1080/02699930701782153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Widen, S. and Russell, J. 2010. Children’s scripts for social emotions: Causes and consequences are more central than are facial expressions. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 28, 565–581. doi:10.1348/026151009X457550d.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams, D. and Happé, F. 2010. Recognising ‘social’ and ‘non-social’ emotions in self and others: A study of autism. Autism, 14, 285–304. doi:10.1177/1362361309344849.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wright, B., Clarke, N., Jordan, J., Young, A., Clarke, P., Miles, J., Nation, K., Clarke, L., and Williams, C., 2008. Emotion recognition in faces and the use of visual context in young people with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders. Autism, 12, 607–626. doi:10.1177/1362361308097118.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar