Internet-based versus face-to-face intervention training for parents of young children with excessive screen-time and autism spectrum disorder–like symptoms: a comparative study

References

• Abidin, R. R. 1995. Parenting stress index: Professional manual. 3rd ed. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
   Google Scholar
• Adams, E. L., Marini, M. E., Stokes, J., Birch, L. L., Paul, I. M. and Savage, J. S. 2018. Insight responsive parenting intervention reduces infant’s screen time and television exposure. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 15, 24.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• American Psychiatric Association, 2013. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.
   Google Scholar
• Anyanwu, J. I., Onuigbo, L. N., Obiyo, N. O., Eze, U. N., Akaneme, I. N., Aye, E. N., Enyi, C., Oforka, T. O., Chigbu, B. C., Ezenwaji, I. O., Ogbuabor, S. E. and Adimora, E. D. 2019. Parenting stress in families of children with autism spectrum disorder: The roles of the extended family. Global Journal of Health Science, 11, 51.
   Google Scholar
• Aqdassi, L., Pouretemad, H. R., Fathabadi, J. and Sadeghi, S. 2019. Family-based tele-intervention of SPARK program on motor proficiency and severity of autism symptoms in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study [Research]. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences, 25, 61–71.
   Google Scholar
• Aqdassi, L., Sadeghi, S., Pouretemad, H. R. and Fathabadi, J. 2021. A family-based tele-rehabilitation program for gross motor skills in children with high functioning autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Modern Rehabilitation In press.
   Google Scholar
• Ashburner, J., Vickerstaff, S., Beetge, J. and Copley, J. 2016. Remote versus face-to-face delivery of early intervention programs for children with autism spectrum disorders: Perceptions of rural families and service providers. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 23, 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baharav, E. and Reiser, C. 2010. Using telepractice in parent training in early autism. Telemedicine Journal and e-Health: The Official Journal of the American Telemedicine Association, 16, 727–731.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barak, A. and Grohol, J. M. 2011. Current and future trends in internet-supported mental health interventions. Journal of Technology in Human Services, 29, 155–196.
   Google Scholar
• Bearss, K., Burrell, T. L., Challa, S. A., Postorino, V., Gillespie, S. E., Crooks, C. and Scahill, L. 2018. Feasibility of parent training via telehealth for children with autism spectrum disorder and disruptive behavior: A demonstration pilot. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 48, 1020–1030.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bickham, D. S. and Rich, M. 2006. Is television viewing associated with social isolation? Roles of exposure time, viewing context, and violent content. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 160, 387–392.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bodfish, J. W., Symons, F. J., Parker, D. E. and Lewis, M. H. 2000. Varieties of repetitive behavior in autism: Comparisons to mental retardation. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 237–243.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boisvert, M., Lang, R., Andrianopoulos, M. and Boscardin, M. L. 2010. Telepractice in the assessment and treatment of individuals with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review. Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 13, 423–432.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bordelon, A. E. and Bradley, R. L. 2019. Family Inclusion. In: Robert D. Rieske, ed. Handbook of Interdisciplinary treatments for autism spectrum disorder. Switzerland: Springer, pp. 445–463.
   Google Scholar
• Boyd, B. A., McDonough, S. G. and Bodfish, J. W. 2012. Evidence-based behavioral interventions for repetitive behaviors in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42, 1236–1248.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Breitenstein, S. M., Gross, D. and Christophersen, R. 2014. Digital delivery methods of parenting training interventions: A systematic review. Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing, 11, 168–176.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Catalano, D., Holloway, L. and Mpofu, E. 2018. Mental health interventions for parent carers of children with autistic spectrum disorder: Practice guidelines from a Critical Interpretive Synthesis (CIS) systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 15, 341.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chang, H. Y., Park, E.-J., Yoo, H.-J., Won Lee, J. and Shin, Y. 2018. Electronic media exposure and use among toddlers. Psychiatry Investigation, 15, 568–573.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chen, J.-Y., Strodl, E., Wu, C.-A., Huang, L.-H., Yin, X.-N., Wen, G.-M., Sun, D.-L., Xian, D.-X., Chen, Y.-J. and Yang, G.-Y. 2020. Screen time and autistic-like behaviors among preschool children in China. Psychology, Health & Medicine, 7, 1–14.
   Google Scholar
• Cohen, J. 2013. Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. USA: Academic Press.
   Google Scholar
• Corp, I. 2013. IBM SPSS statistics for windows, version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
   Google Scholar
• Davis, N. O. and Carter, A. S. 2008. Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: Associations with child characteristics. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38, 1278–1291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dieu-Osika, S., Bossière, M.-C. and Osika, E. 2020. Early media overexposure syndrome must be suspected in toddlers who display speech delay with autism-like symptoms. Global Pediatric Health, 7, 1–4.
   Google Scholar
• Estes, A., Vismara, L., Mercado, C., Fitzpatrick, A., Elder, L., Greenson, J., Lord, C., Munson, J., Winter, J., Young, G., Dawson, G. and Rogers, S. 2014. The impact of parent-delivered intervention on parents of very young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44, 353–365.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fadaei, Z., Dehghani, M., Tahmasiyan, K. and Farhadi, F. 2011. Investigating reliability, validity and factor structure of parenting stress- short form in mother’s of 7-12 year-old children. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 8, 81–91.
   Google Scholar
• Gibson, J. L., Pennington, R. C., Stenhoff, D. M. and Hopper, J. S. 2010. Using desktop videoconferencing to deliver interventions to a preschool student with autism. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education, 29, 214–225.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gilliam, J. 2006. Gilliam autism rating scale–second edition (GARS-2). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
   Google Scholar
• Gilliam, J. E. 1995. Gilliam autism rating scale: Examiner’s manual. Austin, TX: Pro-ed.
   Google Scholar
• Gong, Y., Du, Y., Li, H., Zhang, X., An, Y. and Wu, B.-L. 2015. Parenting stress and affective symptoms in parents of autistic children. Science China. Life Sciences, 58, 1036–1043.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamad, C. D., Serna, R. W., Morrison, L. and Fleming, R. 2010. Extending the reach of early intervention training for practitioners: A preliminary investigation of an online curriculum for teaching behavioral intervention knowledge in autism to families and service providers. Infants and Young Children, 23, 195–208.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammond, G. C., Croudace, T. J., Radhakrishnan, M., Lafortune, L., Watson, A., McMillan-Shields, F. and Jones, P. B. 2012. Comparative effectiveness of cognitive therapies delivered face-to-face or over the telephone: An observational study using propensity methods. PloS One, 7, e42916.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haskett, M. E., Ahern, L. S., Ward, C. S. and Allaire, J. C. 2006. Factor structure and validity of the parenting stress index-short form. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 302–312.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hayes, S. A. and Watson, S. L. 2013. The impact of parenting stress: A meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 629–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Healy, O., O'Connor, J., Leader, G. and Kenny, N. 2008. Three years of intensive applied behavior analysis: A case study. Journal of Early and Intensive Behavior Intervention, 5, 4–22.
   Google Scholar
• Heffler, K. F. and Oestreicher, L. M. 2016. Causation model of autism: Audiovisual brain specialization in infancy competes with social brain networks. Medical Hypotheses, 91, 114–122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heffler, K. F., Sienko, D. M., Subedi, K., McCann, K. A. and Bennett, D. S. 2020. Association of early-life social and digital media experiences with development of autism spectrum disorder–like symptoms. JAMA Pediatrics, 174, 690.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermawati, D., Rahmadi, F. A., Sumekar, T. A. and Winarni, T. I. 2018. Early electronic screen exposure and autistic-like symptoms. Intractable & Rare Diseases Research, 7, 69–71.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hill, M. M., Gangi, D., Miller, M., Rafi, S. M. and Ozonoff, S. 2020. Screen time in 36-month-olds at increased likelihood for ASD and ADHD. Infant Behavior & Development, 61, 101484.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hoksbergen, R., Ter Laak, J., Rijk, K., van Dijkum, C. and Stoutjesdijk, F. 2005. Post-institutional autistic syndrome in Romanian adoptees. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35, 615–623.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jensen, P. S., Goldman, E., Offord, D., Costello, E. J., Friedman, R., Huff, B., Crowe, M., Amsel, L., Bennett, K., Bird, H., Conger, R., Fisher, P., Hoagwood, K., Kessler, R. C. and Roberts, R. 2011. Overlooked and underserved: “Action signs” for identifying children with unmet mental health needs. Pediatrics, 128, 970–979.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kabali, H. K., Irigoyen, M. M., Nunez-Davis, R., Budacki, J. G., Mohanty, S. H., Leister, K. P. and Bonner, R. L. 2015. Exposure and use of mobile media devices by young children. Pediatrics, 136, 1044–2151.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kazdin, A. E. and Blase, S. L. 2011. Rebooting psychotherapy research and practice to reduce the burden of mental illness. Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 6, 21–37.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kazdin, A. E. and Rabbitt, S. M. 2013. Novel models for delivering mental health services and reducing the burdens of mental illness. Clinical Psychological Science, 1, 170–191.
   Google Scholar
• Khamoushi, M. and Mirmahdi, S. R. 2015. The effectiveness of sensory integration procedure on reduction of stereotypical behaviors in autistic children. Developmental Psychology: Iranian Psychologists, 11, 417–423.
   Google Scholar
• Khan, K., Hall, C. L., Davies, E. B., Hollis, C. and Glazebrook, C. 2019. The effectiveness of web-based interventions delivered to children and young people with neurodevelopmental disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21, e13478.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Khanna, M., Aschenbrand, S. G. and Kendall, P. C. 2007. New frontiers: Computer technology in the treatment of anxious youth. The Behavior Therapist, 21, 1.
   Google Scholar
• Lam, K. S. and Aman, M. G. 2007. The repetitive behavior scale-revised: Independent validation in individuals with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 37, 855–866.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levin, A. R., Fox, N. A., Zeanah, C. H., Jr, and Nelson, C. A. 2015. Social communication difficulties and autism in previously institutionalized children. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54, 108–115.e101.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lindgren, S., Wacker, D., Suess, A., Schieltz, K., Pelzel, K., Kopelman, T., Lee, J., Romani, P. and Waldron, D. 2016. Telehealth and autism: Treating challenging behavior at lower cost. Pediatrics, 137, S167–S175.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marino, F., Chilà, P., Failla, C., Crimi, I., Minutoli, R., Puglisi, A., Arnao, A. A., Tartarisco, G., Ruta, L., Vagni, D. and Pioggia, G. 2020. Tele-assisted behavioral intervention for families with children with autism spectrum disorders: A randomized control trial. Brain Sciences, 10, 649.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McStay, R. L., Dissanayake, C., Scheeren, A., Koot, H. M. and Begeer, S. 2014. Parenting stress and autism: The role of age, autism severity, quality of life and problem behaviour of children and adolescents with autism. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 18, 502–510.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meadan, H. and Daczewitz, M. E. 2015. Internet-based intervention training for parents of young children with disabilities: A promising service-delivery model. Early Child Development and Care, 185, 155–169.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Özyurt, G., Dinsever, Ç., Çalişkan, Z. and Evgin, D. 2018. Effects of triple P on digital technological device use in preschool children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27, 280–289.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pearson, N., Biddle, S. J., Griffiths, P., Sherar, L. B., McGeorge, S. and Haycraft, E. 2020. Reducing screen-time and unhealthy snacking in 9-11 year old children: The Kids FIRST pilot randomised controlled trial. BMC Public Health, 20, 122.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pennefather, J., Hieneman, M., Raulston, T. J. and Caraway, N. 2018. Evaluation of an online training program to improve family routines, parental well-being, and the behavior of children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 54, 21–26.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pottie, C. G., Cohen, J. and Ingram, K. M. 2009. Parenting a child with autism: Contextual factors associated with enhanced daily parental mood. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 34, 419–429.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pouretemad, H. 2010. The role of digital nursing in shaping of autistic disorders symptoms. The 3rd Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Conference, Tehran.
   Google Scholar
• Pouretemad, H. R., Fathabadi, J., Sadeghi, S. and Shalani, B. 2016. The effectiveness of social skills training on autism spectrum disorder symptoms in adolescents: A quasi-experimental study. Journal of Research in Rehabilitation Sciences, 12, 216–220.
   Google Scholar
• Pouretemad, H. R., Sadeghi, S. and Rahmati, Y. 2017. Digital nanning and autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Exceptional Education, 3, 39–44.
   Google Scholar
• Ray, M. and Jat, K. R. 2010. Effect of electronic media on children. Indian Pediatrics, 47, 561–568.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rezayi, S. and Lari Lavasani, M. 2017. The study of role of motor skills for predicting social skill and challenging behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders. Psychology of Exceptional Individuals, 7, 19–33.
   Google Scholar
• Ristkari, T., Kurki, M., Suominen, A., Gilbert, S., Sinokki, A., Kinnunen, M., Huttunen, J., McGrath, P. and Sourander, A. 2019. Web-based parent training intervention with telephone coaching for disruptive behavior in 4-year-old children in real-world practice: Implementation study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21, e11446.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter, M., Andersen-Wood, L., Beckett, C., Bredenkamp, D., Castle, J., Groothues, C., Kreppner, J., Keaveney, L., Lord, C. and O'Connor, T. G. 1999. Quasi-autistic patterns following severe early global privation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 40, 537–549.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rutter, M., Kreppner, J., Croft, C., Murin, M., Colvert, E., Beckett, C., Castle, J. and Sonuga-Barke, E. 2007. Early adolescent outcomes of institutionally deprived and non-deprived adoptees. III. Quasi-autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 48, 1200–1207.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeghi, S. 2019. The efficacy of emotional diet intervention on behavioral and electrophysiological changes in young children with autism symptoms exposed to digital nanning. Tehran, Iran: Shahid Beheshti Unversity.
   Google Scholar
• Sadeghi, S., Pouretemad, H., Khosrowabadi, R., Fathabadi, J. and Nikbakht, S. 2019a. Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence for parent training in young children with autism symptoms and excessive screen-time. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 45, 7–12.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeghi, S., Pouretemad, H., Khosrowabadi, R., Fathabadi, J. and Nikbakht, S. 2019b. Effects of parent-child interaction training on children who are excessively exposed to digital devices: A pilot study. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 54, 408–423.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeghi, S., Pouretemad, H., Khosrowabadi, R., Fathabadi, J. and Nikbakht, S. 2019c. Parent–child interaction effects on autism symptoms and EEG relative power in young children with excessive screen-time. Early Child Development and Care, 1–10.doi:10.1080/03004430.2019.1649256
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sadeghi, S., Pouretemad, H. R. and Fathabadi, J. 2017. Effectiveness of social skills training on behavioral problems and social skills in high-functioning adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Quarterly of Applied Psychology, 10, 477–499.
   Google Scholar
• Sadeghi, S., Pouretemad, H. R., Khosroabadi, R., Fathabadi, J. and Nikbakht, S. 2020. The effectiveness of emotional diet intervention on parent-child interaction and parental stress in mothers of young children with autistic-like behaviors and exposure to digital nanning. Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal, 26, 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Samadi, S. A. and McConkey, R. 2014. The utility of the Gilliam autism rating scale for identifying Iranian children with autism. Disability and Rehabilitation, 36, 452–456.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shire, S. Y., Worthman, L. B., Shih, W. and Kasari, C. 2020. Comparison of face-to-face and remote support for interventionists learning to deliver JASPER intervention with children who have autism. Journal of Behavioral Education, 29, 317–338.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Slobodin, O., Heffler, K. F. and Davidovitch, M. 2019. Screen media and autism spectrum disorder: A systematic literature review. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics: JDBP, 40, 303–311.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Soltanifar, A., Akbarzadeh, F., Moharreri, F., Soltanifar, A., Ebrahimi, A., Mokhber, N., Minoocherhr, A. and Naqvi, S. S. A. 2015. Comparison of parental stress among mothers and fathers of children with autistic spectrum disorder in Iran. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 20, 93.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Speyer, R., Denman, D., Wilkes-Gillan, S., Chen, Y.-W., Bogaardt, H., Kim, J.-H., Heckathorn, D.-E. and Cordier, R. 2018. Effects of telehealth by allied health professionals and nurses in rural and remote areas: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine, 50, 225–235.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stiglic, N. and Viner, R. M. 2019. Effects of screentime on the health and well-being of children and adolescents: A systematic review of reviews. BMJ Open, 9, e023191.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland, R., Trembath, D., Hodge, M. A., Rose, V. and Roberts, J. 2019. Telehealth and autism: Are telehealth language assessments reliable and feasible for children with autism? International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 54, 281–291.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sutherland, R., Trembath, D. and Roberts, J. 2018. Telehealth and autism: A systematic search and review of the literature. International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 20, 324–336.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Taheri, M. 2013. The effect of new communication technologies on social isolation of children in families. Journal of Behavioral Sciences in Asia, 1, 61–69.
   Google Scholar
• Vismara, L. A., McCormick, C., Young, G. S., Nadhan, A. and Monlux, K. 2013. Preliminary findings of a telehealth approach to parent training in autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 2953–2969.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Waldman, M. Nicholson, S. and Adilov, N. 2006. Does television cause autism? Johnson School Research Paper Series No. 01-07. Available at https://ssrn.com/abstract=989648.
   Google Scholar
• Whiteside-Mansell, L., Ayoub, C., McKelvey, L., Faldowski, R. A., Hart, A. and Shears, J. 2007. Parenting stress of low-income parents of toddlers and preschoolers: Psychometric properties of a short form of the Parenting Stress Index. Parenting, 7, 26–56.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Yurika, N. U., Hiroyuki, Y., Hiroki, S., Wakaba, E., Mitsugu, U., Chieko, N. and Shigeo, K. 2018. Attachment disorder and early media exposure: Neurobehavioral symptoms mimicking autism spectrum disorder. The Journal of Medical Investigation, 65, 280–282.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zamfir, M. T. 2018. The consumption of virtual environment more than 4 hours/day, in the children between 0-3 years old, can cause a syndrome similar with the autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Romanian Literary Studies, 7, 69–71.
   Google Scholar