120
Views
4
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Original Article

Retinopathy of vivax malaria in adults and its relation with severity parameters

, , , , , & show all

References

  • World Malaria Report –2013. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2013 [cited 2014 Nov 29]. Available from: http://www.who.int/malaria/publications/world_malaria_report_2013/report/en/
  • Gething PW, Elyazar IRF, Moyes CL, Smith DL, Battle KE, Guerra CA, et al. A long neglected world malaria map: Plasmodium vivax endemicity in 2010. PlosNegl Trop Dis. 2012;6(9):e1814.10.1371/journal.pntd.0001814
  • Price RN, Tjitra E, Guerra CA, Yeung S, White NJ, Anstey NM. Vivax malaria: neglected and not benign. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77(6 Suppl):79–87.
  • Kumar A, Valecha N, Jain T, Dash AP. Burden of malaria in India: retrospective and prospective view. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77(6 Suppl):69–78.
  • Joshi H, Prajapati SK, Verma A, Kang’a S, Carlton JM. Plasmodium vivax in India. Trends Parasitol. 2008;24(5):228–35.10.1016/j.pt.2008.01.007
  • Kochar DK, Das A, Kochar SK, Saxena V, Sirohi P, Garg S, et al. Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria: a report on serial cases from Bikaner in northwestern India. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;80:194–8.
  • Baird JK. Evidence and implications of mortality associated with acute Plasmodium vivax malaria. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2013;26(1):36–57.10.1128/CMR.00074-12
  • Nosten F, McGready R, Simpson JA, Thwai KL, Balkan S, Cho T, et al. Effects of Plasmodium vivax malaria in pregnancy. Lancet. 1999;354:546–9.10.1016/S0140-6736(98)09247-2
  • Baird JK, Surjadjaja C. Consideration of ethics in primaquine therapy against malaria transmission. Trends Parasitol. 2011;27:11–6.10.1016/j.pt.2010.08.005
  • Beare NAV, Taylor TE, Harding SP, Lewallen S, Molyneux ME. Malarial retinopathy: a newly established diagnostic sign in severe malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2006;75:790–7.
  • Taylor TE, Fu WJ, Carr RA, Whitten RO, Mueller JS, Fosiko NG, et al. Differentiating the pathologies of cerebral malaria by postmortem parasite counts. Nat Med. 2004;10(2):143–5.10.1038/nm986
  • Maude RJ, Beare NA, Abu Sayeed A, Chang CC, Charunwatthana P, Faiz MA, et al. The spectrum of retinopathy in adults with Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2009;103:665–71.10.1016/j.trstmh.2009.03.001
  • Kochar DK, Shubhakaran, Kumawat BL, Thanvi I, Joshi A, Vyas SP. Ophthalmoscopic abnormalities in adults with falciparum malaria. QJM. 1998;91:845–52.10.1093/qjmed/91.12.845
  • Looareesuwan S, Warrell DA, White NJ, Chanthavanich P, Warrell MJ. Chantaratherakitti retinal hemorrhage, a common sign of prognostic significance in cerebral malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1983;32:911–5.
  • Biswas J, Fogla R, Srinivasan P, Narayan S, Haranath K, Badrinath V. Ocular malaria. clinical and histopathologic study. Ophthalmology. 1996;103:1471–5.10.1016/S0161-6420(96)30481-8
  • Choi HJ, Lee SY, Yang H, Bang JK. Retinal haemorrhage in vivax malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2004;98:387–9.10.1016/j.trstmh.2003.12.002
  • Lee JH, Chin HS, Chung MH, Moon YS. Case report: Retinal hemorrhage in Plasmodium vivax malaria. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;82(2):219–22.10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0439
  • Kochar A, Kalra P, Kochar S, Kochar SK, Kochar DK. Retinal haemorrhage: an unusual presentation of vivax malaria. J Vector Borne Dis. 2013;50:321–2.
  • Kochar DK, Sirohi P, Kochar SK, Budania MP, Lakhotia JP. Dynamics of malaria in Bikaner, Rajasthan, India (1975–2006). J Vector Borne Dis. 2007;44:281–4.
  • Management of severe malaria: a practical handbook. 3rd ed. Geneva: World Health Organisation; 2012 [cited 2013 Dec 01]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/79317/1/9789241548526_eng.pdf
  • Beare NA, Southern C, Chalira C, Taylor TE, Molyneux ME, Harding SP. Prognostic significance and course of retinopathy in children with severe malaria. Arch Ophthalmol. 2004;122:1141–7.10.1001/archopht.122.8.1141
  • Essuman VA, Ntim-Amponsah CT, Astrup BS, Adjei GO, Kurtzhals JA, Ndanu TA, et al. Retinopathy in severe malaria in Ghanaian children-overlap between fundus changes in cerebral and non-cerebral malaria. Malar J. 2010;9:232.10.1186/1475-2875-9-232
  • White VA, Lewallen S, Beare N, Kayira K, Carr RA, Taylor TE. Correlation of retinal hemorrhages with brain hemorrhages in children dying of cerebral malaria in Malawi. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2001;95(6):618–21.10.1016/S0035-9203(01)90097-5
  • Incorvaia C, Parmeggiani F, Costagliola C, Perri P, D’Angelo S, Sebastiani A. Quantitative evaluation of retinal venous tortousity in chronic anaemic patients affected by beta thalassaemia major. Eye. 2003;17:324–9.10.1038/sj.eye.6700352
  • McLeod D. Why cotton wool spots should not be regarded as retinal nerve fibre layer infarcts. Br J Ophthalmol. 2005;89(2):29–237.10.1136/bjo.2004.058347
  • Lewallen S, White VA, Whitten RO, Gardiner J, Hoar B, Lindley J, et al. Clinical-histopathological correlation of the abnormal retinal vessels in cerebral malaria. Arch Ophthalmol. 2000;118:924–8.
  • Beare NAV, Harding SP, Taylor TE, Lewallen S, Molyneux ME. Perfusion abnormalities in children with cerebral malaria and malarial retinopathy. J Infect Dis. 2008;199:263–71.
  • Clark IA, Budd AC, Alleva LM, Cowden WB. Human malarial disease: a consequence of inflammatory cytokine release. Malar J. 2006;5:85.10.1186/1475-2875-5-85
  • Anstey NM, Russell B, Yeo TW, Price RN. The pathophysiology of vivax malaria. Trends Parasitol. 2009;25(5):220–7.10.1016/j.pt.2009.02.003
  • Andrade B, Reis-Filho A, Souza-Neto SM, Clarencio J, Camargo L, Barral A, et al. Severe Plasmodium vivax malaria exhibits marked inflammatory imbalance. Malaria J. 2010;9:13.10.1186/1475-2875-9-13
  • Raza A, Ghanchi NK, SarwarZubairi Ab, Raheem A, Nizami S, Beg MA. Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-10, intercellular and vascular adhesion molecules are possible biomarkers of disease severity in complicated Plasmodium vivax isolates from Pakistan. PLoS One. 2013;8(12):e81363.10.1371/journal.pone.0081363
  • van der Heyde HC, Nolan J, Combes V, Gramaglia I, Grau GE. A unified hypothesis for the genesis of cerebral malaria: sequestration, inflammation and hemostasis leading to microcirculatory dysfunction. Trends Parasitol. 2006;22(11):503–8.10.1016/j.pt.2006.09.002
  • Carvalho BO, Lopes SC, Nogueira PA, Orlandi PP, Bargieri DY, Blanco YC, et al. On the cytoadhesion of Plasmodium vivax – infected erythrocytes. J Infect Dis. 2010;202:638–47.10.1086/653016
  • Chotivanich KT, Pukrittayakamee S, Simpson JA, White NJ, Udomsangpetch R. Characteristics of Plasmodium vivax-infected erythrocyte rosettes. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998;59(1):73–6.

Reprints and Corporate Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

To request a reprint or corporate permissions for this article, please click on the relevant link below:

Academic Permissions

Please note: Selecting permissions does not provide access to the full text of the article, please see our help page How do I view content?

Obtain permissions instantly via Rightslink by clicking on the button below:

If you are unable to obtain permissions via Rightslink, please complete and submit this Permissions form. For more information, please visit our Permissions help page.