Presence of Leptospira spp. and absence of Bartonella spp. in urban rodents of Buenos Aires province, Argentina

References

• Grimmond SU. Urbanization and global environmental change: local effects of urban warming. Geog J. 2007;173(1):83–88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosoy M, Bai Y. Bartonella bacteria in urban rats: a movement from the jungles of Southeast Asia to metropoles around the globe. Front Ecol Evol. 2019;7:88.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McFarlane R, Sleigh A, McMichael T. Synanthropy of wild mammals as a determinant of emerging infectious diseases in the Asian–Australasian region. EcoHealth. 2012;9(1):24–35.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Battersby S, Hirschhorn RB, Amman BR. Commensal rodents. In: Bonnefoy X, Kampen H, Sweeney K, editors. Public health significance of urban pests. Copenhagen: World Health Organization; 2008. p. 387–419.
   Google Scholar
• Abuauad A, Cecilia M, Osorio G, et al. Leptospirosis: presentación de una infección fulminante y revisión de la literatura. Rev Chil Infectol. 2005;22(1):93–97.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Meerburg BG, Singleton GR, Kijlstra A. Rodent-borne diseases and their risks for public health. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2009;35(3):221–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancke D, Navone GT, Suárez OV. Endoparasite community of Rattus norvegicus captured in a shantytown of Buenos Aires City, Argentina. Helminthologia. 2011;48(3):167–173.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zonta M, Navone G, Y Oyhenart E. Intestinal parasites in preschool and school age children: current situation in urban, periurban and rural populations in Brandsen, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Parasitol Latinoam. 2007;62(1–2):54–60.
   Google Scholar
• Fitte B, Robles M, Dellarupe A, et al. Taenia taeniformis larvae (Strobilocercus fasciolaris) (Cestoda: cyclophyllidea) from commensal rodents in Argentina: potential sanitary risk. Mastozool Neotrop. 2017;24(1):227–233.
   Google Scholar
• Hancke D, Suárez OV. Environmental health education in schools as strategy for rodent control: an experience in a shantytown of Buenos Aires, Argentina. EcoHealth. 2014;11(1):133–140.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hancke D, Suárez OV. Helminth diversity in synanthropic rodents from an urban ecosystem. EcoHealth. 2017;14(3):603–613.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himsworth CG, Bidulka J, Parsons KL, et al. Ecology of Leptospira interrogans in Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in an inner-city neighborhood of Vancouver, Canada. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013a;7(6):e2270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jittapalapong S, Herbreteau V, Hugot JP, et al. Relationship of parasites and pathogens diversity to rodents in Thailand. Kasetsart J Nat Sci. 2009;43:106–117.
   Google Scholar
• Kataranovski M, Mirkov I, Belij S, et al. Intestinal helminths infection of rats (Ratus norvegicus) in the Belgrade area (Serbia): the effect of sex, age and habitat. Parasite. 2011;18(2):189.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Otteson EW, Riolo J, Rowe JE, et al. Occurrence of hantavirus within the rodent population of northeasternCalifornia and Nevada. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996;54(2):127–133.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hofmann J, Weiss S, Kuhns M, et al. Importation of human Seoul virus infection to Germany from Indonesia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2018;24(6):1099.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bierque E, Thibeaux R, Girault D, et al. A systematic review of Leptospira in water and soil environments. PLoS One. 2020;15(1):e0227055.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boey K, Shiokawa K, Rajeev S. Leptospira infection in rats: a literature review of global prevalence and distribution. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(8):e0007499.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulouis HJ, Chang CC, Henn JB, et al. Factors associated with the rapid emergence of zoonotic Bartonella infections. Vet Res. 2005;36(3):383–410.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown PD, Gravekamp C, Carrington DG, et al. Evaluation of the polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis of leptospirosis. J Med Microbiol. 1995;43(2):110–114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Caraballo-Blanco L, Arrieta-Bolaño P, Castellar-Martínez A, et al. Leptospira spp. patógenas en roedores del municipio de Sincelejo. Sucre; 2005.
   Google Scholar
• Chomel BB, Boulouis HJ, Breitschwerdt EB. Cat scratch disease and other zoonotic Bartonella infections. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2004;224(8):1270–1279.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Himsworth CG, Parsons KL, Jardine C, et al. Rats, cities, people, and pathogens: a systematic review and narrative synthesis of literature regarding the ecology of rat-associated zoonoses in urban centers. Vector-borne Zoonotic Dis. 2013b;13(6):349–359.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Agudelo-Florez P, Londoño AF, Quiroz VH, et al. Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in urban rodents from a groceries trade center of Medellín. Colomb Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009;81(5):906–910.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sacsaquispe R, Glenny M, Céspedes M. Estudio preliminar de leptospirosis en roedores y canes en salitral, Piura-1999. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Pública. 2003;20(1):39–40.
   Google Scholar
• Vincent AT, Schiettekatte O, Goarant C, et al. Revisiting the taxonomy and evolution of pathogenicity of the genus Leptospira through the prism of genomics. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(5):e0007270. pntd.0007270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daher EDF, Abreu KLSD, Silva Junior GBD. Leptospirosis-associated acute kidney injury. J Bras Nefrol. 2010;32(4):408–415.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Ko AI, Goarant C, Picardeau M. Leptospira: the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2009;7(10):736.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musacchio HM, Dorigo C, Volpato V, et al. Características clínicas y epidemiológicas de leptospirosis: 10 años de experiencia en Santa Fe, Argentina. Rev Panam Infect. 2010;12(1):43–46.
   Google Scholar
• Torres-Castro M, Cruz-Camargo B, Medina-Pinto R, et al. Detección molecular de leptospiras patógenas en roedores sinantrópicos y silvestres capturados en Yucatán, México. Biomédica. 2018;38(3):51–58.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Yalin W, Lingbing Z, Hongliang Y, et al. High prevalence of pathogenic Leptospira in wild and domesticated animals in an endemic area of China. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2011;4(11):841–845.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Billeter SA, Gundi VA, Rood MP, et al. Molecular detection and identification of Bartonella species in Xenopsylla cheopis fleas (Siphonaptera: pulicidae) collected from Rattus norvegicus rats in Los Angeles, California. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2001;77(21):7850–7852.
   Google Scholar
• Breitschwerdt EB, Kordick DL. Bartonella infection in animals: carriership, reservoir potential, pathogenicity, and zoonotic potential for human infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000;13(3):428–438.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brenner DJ, O’Connor SP, Winkler HH, et al. Proposals to unify the genera Bartonella and Rochalimaea, with descriptions of Bartonella quintana comb. nov., Bartonella vinsonii comb. nov., Bartonella henselae comb. nov., and Bartonella elizabethae comb. nov., and to remove the family Bartonellaceae from the order Rickettsiales. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 1993;43(4):777–786.
   Google Scholar
• Diaz MH, Bai Y, Malania L, et al. Development of a Novel Genus-Specific Real-Time PCR assay for detection and differentiation of Bartonella species and genotypes. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(5):1645–1649.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diniz PP, Maggi RG, Schwartz DS, et al. Canine bartonellosis: serological and molecular prevalence in Brazil and evidence of co-infection with Bartonella henselae and Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii. Vet Res. 2007;38(5):697–710.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nasereddin A, Risheq A, Harrus S, et al. Bartonella species in fleas from Palestinian territories: prevalence and genetic diversity. J Vector Ecol. 2014;39(2):261–270.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Blanco JR, Raoult D. Enfermedades producidas por Bartonella spp. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clín. 2005;23(5):313–320.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• de Mendonça Favacho AR, Andrade MN, de Oliveira RC, et al. Zoonotic Bartonella species in wild rodents in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Microbes Infect. 2015;17(11–12):889–892.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Malania L, Bai Y, Osikowicz LM, et al. Prevalence and diversity of Bartonella species in rodents from Georgia (Caucasus). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016;95(2):466–471.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arango J, Cittadino E, Agostini A, et al. Prevalencia de leptospiras en Rattus rattus y Rattus norvegicus en el Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina. Ecología austral. 2001;11(1):25–30.
   Google Scholar
• Fernández MS, Cueto G, Cavia R, et al. Prevalencia de Leptospira interrogans en Rattus norvegicus y Mus domesticus en un ambiente urbano marginal de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Acta Bioquím Clín Latinoam. 2006;3:252.
   Google Scholar
• Scialfa E, Bolpe J, Bardón JC, et al. Aislamiento de Leptospira interrogans de ratas suburbanas de Tandil, Buenos Aires, Argentina. Rev Arg Microbiol. 2010;42(2):126–128.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vanasco NB, Kemerer R, Oliva ME. Brote de leptospirosis rural en un tambo de la provincia de Entre Ríos, Argentina, febrero-marzo 2003. Salud (i) Cienc. 2004;12(4):26–31.
   Google Scholar
• Cacchione RA, Bulgini MJD, Cascelli ES, et al. Leptospirosis en animales silvestres. Estado actual de sus investigaciones, aislamientos y clasificación de cepas argentinas. Rev Fac Cienc Vet. 1967;20:37–54.
   Google Scholar
• Cacchione RA. Enfoques de los estudios de las leptospirosis humana y animal en América Latina. Rev Arg Microbiol. 1973;1:36–53.
   Google Scholar
• Loffler SG, Pavan ME, Vanasco B, et al. Genotypes of pathogenic Leptospira spp isolated from rodents in Argentina. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz. 2014;109(2):163–167.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicuttin GL, Brambati DF, De Gennaro MF, et al. Bartonella spp. in cats from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Vet Microbiol. 2014;168(1):225–228.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cicuttin GL, De Salvo MN, La Rosa I, et al. Neorickettsia risticii, Rickettsia sp. and Bartonella sp. in Tadarida brasiliensis bats from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis. 2017;52:1–5.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lareschi M, Venzal JM, Nava S, et al. The human flea Pulex irritans (Siphonaptera: pulicidae) in northwestern Argentina, with an investigation of Bartonella and Rickettsia spp. Rev Mex Biodivers. 2018;89(2).
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos de la República Argentina, web. Resultados CENSO 2010. Argentina; 2010.
   Google Scholar
• Stoddard RA. Detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. through real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting the LipL32 gene. Methods Mol Biol. 2013;943(17):257–266.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Galloway RL, Hoffmaster AR. Optimization of LipL32 PCR assay for increased sensitivity in diagnosing leptospirosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2015;82(3):199–200.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rózsa L, Reiczigel J, Majoros G. Quantifying parasites in samples of hosts. J Parasitol. 2000;86(2):228–232.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna; 2013. ISBN 3-900051-07-0.
   Google Scholar
• Evangelista KV, Coburn J. Leptospira as an emerging pathogen: a review of its biology, pathogenesis and host immune responses. Future Microbiol. 2010;5(9):1413–1425.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez J, Brescia F, Becam J, et al. Rodent abundance dynamics and leptospirosis carriage in an area of hyper-endemicity in new caledonia. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010;5(10):e1361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• de Faria MT, Calderwood MS, Athanazio DA, et al. Carriage of Leptospira interrogans among domestic rats from an urban setting highly endemic for leptospirosis in Brazil. Acta Trop. 2009;108(1):1–5.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Adler B, de la Peña Moctezuma A. Leptospira and leptospirosis. Vet Microbiol. 2010;140(3–4):287–296.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Espinoza-Martínez D, Sáancez-Montes DS, León-Paniagua L, et al. New wildlife hosts of Leptospira interrogans in Campeche, Mexico. Rev Inst Med Trop Sap Paulo. 2015;57(2):181–183.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levett PN. Systematics of leptospiraceae. In: Leptospira and Leptospirosis. Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer; 2015;387: 11–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45059-8_2
   Google Scholar
• Blasdell KR, Morand S, Perera D, et al. Association of rodent-borne Leptospira spp. with urban environments in Malaysian Borneo. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(2):e0007141.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Romero-Vivas CM, Falconar AK. Leptospira spp. y leptospirosis humana. Salud. 2016;32(1):123–143.
   Google Scholar
• Coto H. Biología y control de ratas sinantrópicas. Buenos Aires: Editorial Abierta; 1997.
   Google Scholar
• Rim BM, Rim CW, Chang WH, et al. Leptospirosis serology in Korean wild animals. J Wildl Dis. 1993;29(4):602–603.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Da Silva ÉF, Félix SR, Cerqueira GM, et al. Preliminary characterization of mus musculus–derived pathogenic strains of leptospira borgpetersenii serogroup ballum in a Hamster model. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2010;83(2):336–337.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thornley CN, Baker MG, Weinstein P, et al. Changing epidemiology of human leptospirosis in New Zealand. Epidemiol Infect. 2002;128(1):29–36.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vieira ML, Gama-Simoes MJ, Collares-Pereira M. Human leptospirosis in Portugal: a retrospective study of eighteen years. Int J Infect Dis. 2006;10(5):378–386.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gonzalez A, Rodriguez Y, Batista N, et al. Immunogenicity and protective capacity of leptospiral whole-cell monovalent serogroup Ballum vaccines in hamsters. Rev Arg Microbiol. 2005;37(4):169–175.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Slack AT, Symonds ML, Dohnt MF, et al. The epidemiology of leptospirosis and the emergence of Leptospira borgpetersenii serovar Arborea in Queensland, Australia, 1998–2004. Epidemiol Infect. 2006;134(6):1217–1225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kosoy M, Mckee C, Albayrak L, et al. Genotyping of Bartonella bacteria and their animal hosts: current status and perspectives. Parasitol. 2017;145(5):543–562.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gundi VA, Kosoy MY, Myint KS, et al. Prevalence and genetic diversity of Bartonella species detected in different tissies of small mammals in Nepal. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2010;76(24):8247–8254.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ellis BA, Regnery RL, Beati L, et al. Rats of the genus Rattus are reservoir hosts for pathogenic Bartonella species: an Old World origin for a New World disease? J Infect Dis. 1999;180(1):220–224.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Inoue K, Kabeya H, Shiratori H, et al. Bartonella japonica sp. nov. and Bartonella silvatica sp. nov., isolated from Apodemus mice. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2010;60(4):759–763.
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Martin-Alonso A, Houemenou G, Abreu-Yanes E, et al. Bartonella spp. in small mammals, Benin. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2016;16(4):229–237.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Costa F, Porter FH, Rodrigues G, et al. Infections by Leptospira interrogans, Seoul virus, and Bartonella spp. among Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from the urban slum environment in Brazil. Vector-Borne Zoonotic. 2014;14(1):33–40.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar