11,063
Views
2
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Review

Cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients: a review

ORCID Icon, &

References

  • Safarpour H, Cevik M, Zarean M, et al. Global status of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors in people living with HIV. AIDS. 2020;34(3):469–474.
  • CDC. Global health, division of parasitic diseases and malaria. Accessed 1 April 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/toxoplasmosis/epi.html
  • Wang ZD, Wang SC, Liu HH, et al. Prevalence and burden of Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-infected people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet HIV. 2017;4(4):e177–e188.
  • WHO. AIDS epidemic update. USAIDS; 2000.
  • Lakoh S, Jiba DF, Kanu JE, et al. Causes of hospitalization and predictors of HIV-associated mortality at the main referral hospital in Sierra Leone: a prospective study. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1320.
  • Nacher M, Adenis A, Guarmit B, et al. What is AIDS in the Amazon and the Guianas in the 90-90-90 era? PLoS One. 2020;15(7):e0236368.
  • Telles JP, Fernandes R, Barros TD, et al. Neurological manifestations in people living with HIV/AIDS in the late cART era: a prospective observational study at a tertiary healthcare center in São Paulo, Brazil. HIV Res Clin Pract. 2021;22(4): 87–95.
  • Jianu C, Bolboacă SD, Topan AV, et al. A view of human immunodeficiency virus infections in the North-West Region of Romania. Medicina (B Aires). 2019;55(12):765.
  • Imran D, Estiasari R, Maharani K, et al. Presentation, etiology, and outcome of brain infections in an Indonesian hospital: a cohort study. Neurol-Clin Pract. 2018;8(5):379–388.
  • Raberahona M, Razafinambinintsoa T, Andriananja V, et al. Hospitalization of HIV positive patients in a referral tertiary care hospital in Antananarivo Madagascar, 2010–2016: trends, causes and outcome. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0203437.
  • El Fane M, Sodqi M, Lamdini H, et al. Central neurological diagnosis in patients infected with HIV in the Infectious Diseases Unit of University Hospital of Casablanca, Morocco. Bull Soc Pathol Exot. 2018;111(1):24–30.
  • Gams Massi D, Mintyene Mintyene MRR, Magnerou AM, et al. Spectrum of central nervous system infections in a tertiary health care centre in Cameroon. Egypt J Neurol Psychiatr Neurosurg. 2022;58(1):18.
  • Pacheco PRG, Zara ALSA, Souza SE, et al. Late onset of antiretroviral therapy in adults living with HIV in an urban area in Brazil: prevalence and risk factors. J Trop Med. 2019;2019:5165313.
  • Seo HH, Han HW, Lee SE, et al. Modelling. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020;9(1):1943–1954.
  • Azovtseva OV, Viktorova EA, Bakulina EG, et al. Cerebral toxoplasmosis in HIV-infected patients over 2015-2018 (a case study of Russia). Epidemiol Infect. 2020;148:e142.
  • Vidal JE. HIV-related cerebral toxoplasmosis revisited: current concepts and controversies of an old disease. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2019;18:2325958219867315.
  • Attias M, Teixeira DE, Benchimol M, et al. The life-cycle of Toxoplasma gondii reviewed using animations. Parasit Vectors. 2020;13(1):588.
  • Elsheikha HM, Marra CM, Zhu XQ. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of cerebral toxoplasmosis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021;34(1):e00115–19.
  • Graham AK, Fong C, Naqvi A, et al. Toxoplasmosis of the central nervous system: manifestations vary with immune responses. J Neurol Sci. 2021;420:117223.
  • Corcino YL, Portillo JC, Subauste CS. Epidermal growth factor receptor promotes cerebral and retinal invasion by Toxoplasma gondii. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):669.
  • Schlüter D, Barragan A. Advances and challenges in understanding cerebral toxoplasmosis. Front Immunol. 2019;10:242.
  • El Saftawy EA, Shash RY, Aboulhoda BE, et al. Insights into immunopathology and triggering of apoptosis in chronic cerebral toxoplasmosis using murine models. Trop Biomed. 2021;38(2):53–62.
  • Moreira-Souza ACA, Rangel TP, Silva SRBD, et al. Disruption of purinergic receptor P2X7 signaling increases susceptibility to cerebral toxoplasmosis. Am J Pathol. 2019;189(4):730–738.
  • Ihara F, Tanaka S, Fereig RM, et al. Involvement of Toll-like receptor 2 in the cerebral immune response and behavioral changes caused by latent Toxoplasma infection in mice. PLoS One. 2019;14(8):e0220560.
  • Salvioni A, Belloy M, Lebourg A, et al. Robust control of a brain-persisting parasite through MHC I presentation by infected neurons. Cell Rep. 2019;27(11):3254–3268.e8.
  • Suzuki Y. The immune system utilizes two distinct effector mechanisms of T cells depending on two different life cycle stages of a single pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii, to control its cerebral infection. Parasitol Int. 2020;76:102030.
  • Still KM, Batista SJ, O’Brien CA, et al. Astrocytes promote a protective immune response to brain Toxoplasma gondii infection via IL-33-ST2 signaling. PLoS Pathog. 2020;16(10):e1009027.
  • Moreira-Souza ACA, Almeida-da-Silva CLC, Rangel TP, et al. The P2X7 receptor mediates Toxoplasma gondii control in macrophages through canonical NLRP3 inflammasome activation and reactive oxygen species production. Front Immunol. 2017;81257. DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2017.01257
  • Alves VS, Leite-Aguiar R, Silva JPD, et al. Purinergic signaling in infectious diseases of the central nervous system. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;89:480–490.
  • Huang SW, Walker C, Pennock J, et al. P2X7 receptor-dependent tuning of gut epithelial responses to infection. Immunol Cell Biol. 2017;95(2):178–188.
  • Corrêa G, Marques da Silva C, de Abreu Moreira-Souza AC, et al. Activation of the P2X(7) receptor triggers the elimination of Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites from infected macrophages. Microbes Infect. 2010;12(6):497–504.
  • da Cruz Ab, Maia MM, Pereira IDS, et al. Human extracellular vesicles and correlation with two clinical forms of toxoplasmosis. PLoS One. 2020;15(3):e0229602.
  • Bando H, Lee Y, Sakaguchi N, et al. Effector GRA15-dependent suppression of IFN-γ-induced antiparasitic response in human neurons. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:140.
  • Bando H, Sakaguchi N, Lee Y, et al. Effector TgIST targets host IDO1 to antagonize the IFN-γ-induced anti-parasitic response in human cells. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2073.
  • Bhandage AK, Kanatani S, Barragan A. Induced hypermigration of primary cortical microglia implicates GABAergic signaling. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:73.
  • Lau A, Jain MK, Chow JY, et al. Toxoplasmosis encephalitis: a cross-sectional analysis at a U.S. safety-net hospital in the late cART era. J Int Assoc Provid AIDS Care. 2021;20:23259582211043863.
  • Panel on Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2020.
  • Amare A. Seizure in HIV-infected patients: clinical presentation, cause and treatment outcome in Ethiopia-a retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):790.
  • Kaplan, Jonathan , Benson, Constan , Holmes, King CDC. Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Vol. 58. 2009. Accessed 2021 4 2021. Recommendations for CDC, the National Institutes of Health, and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/contentfiles/lvguidelines/adult_oi.pdf.
  • Bondarenko AV, Katsapov DV, Gavrylov AV, et al. Immunodiagnostics of cerebral toxoplasmosis depending on permeability of blood-brain barrier. Wiad Lek. 2020;73(2):285–288.
  • Gutierrez-Loli R, Ferradas C, Diestra A, et al. Development of a novel protocol based on blood clot to improve the sensitivity of qPCR detection of. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2019;100(1):83–89.
  • Bokharaei-Salim F, Esteghamati A, Khanaliha K, et al. Evaluation of a PCR assay for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell among HIV/AIDS patients. J Parasit Dis. 2020;44(1):159–165.
  • Wang ZH, Zhang W, Zhang XZ, et al. Development of a real-time recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) molecular diagnosis assay for sensitive and rapid detection of Toxoplasma gondii. Vet Parasitol. 2021;298:109489.
  • Xu M, Gao J, Li S, et al. Metagenomic analysis and identification of emerging pathogens in blood from healthy donors. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):15809.
  • de Faria Junior GM, Murata FHA, Lorenzi HA, et al. The role of microRNAs in the infection by. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:670548.
  • Yenilmez E, Çetinkaya RA. Difference in. Turkiye Parazitol Derg. 2019;43(Suppl 1):1–7.
  • Vargas-Montes M, Cardona N, Moncada DM, et al. Enzyme-Linked Aptamer Assay (ELAA) for detection of. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2019;9:386.
  • Konstantinovic N, Guegan H, Stäjner T, et al. Treatment of toxoplasmosis: current options and future perspectives. Food Waterborne Parasitol. 2019;15:e00036.
  • Foroutan M, Ghaffarifar F, Sharifi Z, et al. Bioinformatics analysis of ROP8 protein to improve vaccine design against Toxoplasma gondii. Infect Genet Evol. 2018;62:193–204.
  • Pellegrino D, Gryschek R, de Oliveira ACP, et al. Efficacy and safety of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in HIV-infected patients with cerebral toxoplasmosis in Brazil: a single-arm open-label clinical trial. Int J STD AIDS. 2019;30(12):1156–1162.
  • Hernandez AV, Thota P, Pellegrino D, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the relative efficacy and safety of treatment regimens for HIV-associated cerebral toxoplasmosis: is trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole a real option? HIV Med. 2017;18(2):115–124.
  • Li Y, Zeng YM, Lu YQ, et al. A study for precision diagnosing and treatment strategies in difficult-to-treat AIDS cases and HIV-infected patients with highly fatal or highly disabling opportunistic infections. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(20):e20146.
  • Azoulay É, de Castro N, Barbier F. Critically ill patients with HIV: 40 years later. Chest. 2020;157(2):293–309.
  • Schäfer G, Hoffmann C, Arasteh K, et al. Immediate versus deferred antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected patients presenting with acute AIDS-defining events (toxoplasmosis, Pneumocystis jirovecii-pneumonia): a prospective, randomized, open-label multicenter study (IDEAL-study). AIDS Res Ther. 2019;16(1):34.
  • Zeng YM, Li Y, He XQ, et al. A study for precision diagnosing and treatment strategies in difficult-to-treat AIDS cases and HIV-infected patients with highly fatal or highly disabling opportunistic infections: study protocol for antiretroviral therapy timing in AIDS patients with toxoplasma encephalitis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(29):e21141.
  • Wang JL, Elsheikha HM, Li TT, et al. Efficacy of antiretroviral compounds against Toxoplasma gondii in vitro. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2019;54(6):814–819.
  • Nishi L, Santana PL, Evangelista FF, et al. Rosuvastatin reduced brain parasite burden in a chronic toxoplasmosis. Parasitology. 2020;147(3):303–309.
  • Bottari NB, Reichert KP, Fracasso M, et al. Neuroprotective role of resveratrol mediated by purinergic signalling in cerebral cortex of mice infected by Toxoplasma gondii. Parasitol Res. 2020;119(9):2897–2905.
  • Foroutan M, Ghaffarifar F, Sharifi Z, et al. Rhoptry antigens as. Clin Exp Vaccine Res. 2019;8(1):4–26.
  • Warner RC, Chapman RC, Davis BN, et al. Review of DNA vaccine approaches against the parasite toxoplasma gondii. J Parasitol. 2021;107(6):882–903.
  • Mévélec MN, Lakhrif Z, Dimier-Poisson I. Key limitations and new insights into the. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020;10:607198.
  • Dunay IR, Gajurel K, Dhakal R, et al. Treatment of toxoplasmosis: historical perspective, animal models, and current clinical practice. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2018;31(4):e00057–17.
  • Connolly MP, Haitsma G, Hernández AV, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of secondary prophylaxis for prevention of HIV-related toxoplasmic encephalitis relapse using trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Pathog Glob Health. 2017;111(6):327–331.
  • Connolly MP, Goodwin E, Schey C, et al. Toxoplasmic encephalitis relapse rates with pyrimethamine-based therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pathog Glob Health. 2017;111(1):31–44.
  • Letang E, Rakislova N, Martinez MJ, et al. Minimally invasive tissue sampling: a tool to guide efforts to reduce AIDS-related mortality in resource-limited settings. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(Suppl_5):S343–S350.
  • Li Y, Zeng YM, Liu M, et al. Development of a risk scoring system for prognostication in HIV-related toxoplasma encephalitis. BMC Infect Dis. 2020;20(1):923.