Continued dominance of dengue virus serotype 2 during the recent Central India outbreaks (2019-2021) with evidence of genetic divergence

References

• WHO (World Health Organization). 2022. [cited 21 Jun 2022]. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/dengue-and-severe-dengue
   Google Scholar
• NVBDCP (National Vector Borne Diseases Control Programme). 2022. [cited 21 Jun 2022]. Available from: https://nvbdcp.gov.in/index4.php?lang=1&level=0&linkid=431&lid=3715
   Google Scholar
• Rico-Hesse R. Microevolution and virulence of dengue viruses. Adv Virus Res. 2003;59:315.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Goncalvez AP, Escalante AA, Pujol FH, et al. Diversity and evolution of the envelope gene of dengue virus type 1. Virology. 2002;303(1):110–119. doi: 10.1006/viro.2002.1686
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dash PK, Sharma S, Soni M, et al. Complete genome sequencing and evolutionary analysis of Indian isolates of dengue virus type 2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2013;436(3):478–485. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.130
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Twiddy SS, Farrar JJ, Chau NV, et al. Phylogenetic relationships and differential selection pressures among genotypes of dengue-2 virus. Virology. 2002;298(1):63–72. doi: 10.1006/viro.2002.1447
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang E, Ni H, Xu R, et al. Evolutionary relationships of endemic/epidemic and sylvatic dengue viruses. J Virol. 2000;74(7):3227–3234. doi: 10.1128/JVI.74.7.3227-3234.2000
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanciotti RS, Lewis JG, Gubler DJ, et al. Molecular evolution and epidemiology of dengue-3 viruses. J Gen Virol. 1994;75(1):65–75. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-1-65
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wittke V, Robb TE, Thu HM, et al. Extinction and rapid emergence of strains of dengue 3 virus during an interepidemic period. Virology. 2002;301(1):148–156. doi: 10.1006/viro.2002.1549
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Aquino VH, Amarilla AA, Alfonso HL, et al. New genotype of dengue type 3 virus circulating in Brazil and Colombia showed a close relationship to old Asian viruses. PLoS One. 2009;4(10):e7299. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007299
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Klungthong C, Zhang C, Mammen MP Jr, et al. The molecular epidemiology of dengue virus serotype 4 in Bangkok, Thailand. Virology. 2004;329(1):168–179. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.08.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weaver SC, Vasilakis N. Molecular evolution of dengue viruses: contributions of phylogenetics to understanding the history and epidemiology of the preeminent arboviral disease. Infect Genet Evol. 2009;9(4):523–540. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2009.02.003
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lanciotti RS, Calisher CH, Gubler DJ, et al. Rapid detection and typing of dengue viruses from clinical samples by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. J Clin Microbiol. 1992;30(3):545–551. doi: 10.1128/jcm.30.3.545-551.1992
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K. MEGA7: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets. Mol Biol Evol. 2016;33(7):1870–1874. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msw054
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tamura K, Nei M. Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol. 1993;10(3):512–526. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040023
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Najri NI, Mazlan Z, Jaimin JJ, et al. Genotypes of the dengue virus in patients with dengue infection from Sabah, Malaysia. J Phys Conf Ser. 2019;1358(1):012019. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1358/1/012019
   Google Scholar
• Dar L, Gupta E, Narang P, et al. Cocirculation of dengue serotypes, Delhi, India, 2003. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12(2):352. doi: 10.3201/eid1202.050767
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Reich NG, Shrestha S, King AA, et al. Interactions between serotypes of dengue highlight epidemiological impact of cross-immunity. J R Soc Interface. 2013;10(86):20130414. doi: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0414
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodenhuis-Zybert IA, Wilschut J, Smit JM. Dengue virus life cycle: viral and host factors modulating infectivity. Cell Molec Life Sci. 2010;67(16):2773–2786. doi: 10.1007/s00018-010-0357-z
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Afreen N, Deeba F, Naqvi I, et al. Molecular investigation of 2013 dengue fever outbreak from Delhi, India. PLoS Curr. 2014;6.
   Google Scholar
• Prakash O, Singh DD, Mishra G, et al. Observation on dengue cases from a virus diagnostic laboratory of a tertiary care hospital in North India. Indian J Med Res. 2015;142(Suppl 1):S7. doi: 10.4103/0971-5916.176596
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Reddy MN, Dungdung R, Valliyott L, et al. Occurrence of concurrent infections with multiple serotypes of dengue viruses during 2013–2015 in northern Kerala, India. Peer J. 2017;5:e2970. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2970
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barde PV, Godbole S, Bharti PK, et al. Detection of dengue virus 4 from central India. Indian J Med Res. 2012;136(3):491.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barde PV, Shukla MK, Kori BK, et al. Emergence of dengue in tribal villages of Mandla district, Madhya Pradesh, India. Indian J Med Res. 2015;141(5):584. doi: 10.4103/0971-5916.159517
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Agarwal A, Gupta S, Chincholkar T, et al. Co-circulation of dengue virus serotypes in Central India: evidence of prolonged viremia in DENV-2. Infect Genet Evol. 2019;70:72–79. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.02.024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chakravarti A, Arora R, Luxemburger C. Fifty years of dengue in India. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2012;106(5):273–282. doi: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2011.12.007
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mishra B, Turuk J, Sahu SJ, et al. Co-circulation of all four dengue virus serotypes: first report from Odisha. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2017;35(2):293–295. doi: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_15_536
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shrivastava S, Tiraki D, Diwan A, et al. Co-circulation of all the four dengue virus serotypes and detection of a novel clade of DENV-4 (genotype I) virus in Pune, India during 2016 season. PLoS One. 2018;13(2):e0192672. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192672
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martina BE, Koraka P, Osterhaus AD. Dengue virus pathogenesis: an integrated view. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22(4):564–581. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00035-09
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kukreti H, Chaudhary A, Rautela RS, et al. Emergence of an independent lineage of dengue virus type 1 (DENV-1) and its co-circulation with predominant DENV-3 during the 2006 dengue fever outbreak in Delhi. Int J Infect Dis. 2008;12(5):542–549. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2008.02.009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barde PV, Shukla MK, Bharti PK, et al. Co-circulation of dengue virus serotypes with chikungunya virus in Madhya Pradesh, central India. WHO South-East Asia J Public Health. 2014;3(1):36–40. doi: 10.4103/2224-3151.206881
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Cecilia D, Patil JA, Kakade MB, et al. Emergence of the Asian genotype of DENV1 in South India. Virology. 2017;510:405. doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2017.07.004
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sharma P, Mittal V, Chhabra M, et al. Dominance shift of DENV-1 towards reemergence and co-dominant circulation of DENV-2 & DENV-3 during postmonsoon period of 2012 in Delhi, India. J Virol Retrovirol. 2014;1(1):1–5.
   Google Scholar
• Sharma P, Mittal V, Chhabra M, et al. Continued circulation of DENV-2 (genotype IV) in Delhi, India. Br Microbiol Res J. 2016;11(3):1–8. doi: 10.9734/BMRJ/2016/21728
   Google Scholar
• Murugesan A, Aridoss D, Senthilkumar S, et al. Molecular diversity of dengue virus serotypes 1–4 during an outbreak of acute dengue virus infection in Theni, India. Indian J Medi Microbiol. 2020;38(3–4):401–408. doi: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_20_89
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barde PV, Shukla MK, Joshi P, et al. Molecular studies on dengue viruses detected in patients from Central India. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2019;37(1):12–18. doi: 10.4103/ijmm.IJMM_18_377
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dash PK, Sharma S, Srivastava A, et al. Emergence of dengue virus type 4 (genotype I) in India. Epidemiol Infect. 2011;139:85761. doi: 10.1017/S0950268810001706
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Neeraja M, Lakshmi V, Dash PK, et al. The clinical, serological and molecular diagnosis of emerging dengue infection at a tertiary care institute in Southern, India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7:45761. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2013/4786.2798
   Google Scholar
• Patil JA, Cherian S, Walimbe AM, et al. Influence of evolutionary events on the Indian subcontinent on the phylogeography of dengue type 3 and 4 viruses. Infect Genet Evol. 2012;12:175969. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.07.009
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Carrington CV, Foster JE, Pybus OG, et al. Invasion and maintenance of dengue virus type 2 and type 4 in the Americas. J Virol. 2005;79:146807. doi: 10.1128/JVI.79.23.14680-14687.2005
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar