Thirst revolution: practices of contestation and mobilisation in rural Egypt

References

• Abdel-Gawad, S., 2007. Actualizing the right to water: an Egyptian perspective for an action plan. International journal of water resources development, 23 (2), 341–354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Abdel-Mawla, I., 2008. Drinking water protests in Egypt and the role of civil society. Reclaiming Public Water. Transnational Institute. Available from: https://www.tni.org/files/drinking_water_protest_in_egypt_by_abdel_mawla.pdf [Accessed November 2018].
   Google Scholar
• Abdelrahman, M., 2014. Egypt's long revolution: protest movements and uprisings. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Aboul Fadl, G., Gouda, N., and Soliman, M., 2016. The catastrophe of fish mortality worsens and causes the closure of drinking stations after high ammonia content, youm7 newspaper, January 18. Available from: https://is.gd/Frrdbe [Accessed November 2019].
   Google Scholar
• Abu-Lughod, L.I., 2012. Living the ‘revolution’ in an Egyptian village: moral action in a national space. American ethnologist, 39 (1), 21–25.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ahmed, M., 2014. The death of Kafr El Sheikh fish, a humanitarian catastrophe. Masr Al Arabya newsweb, 21 January. Available from: http://tinyurl.com/pegme7a [Accessed November 2019].
   Google Scholar
• Allam, M.N., Elassiouti, I.M., and Riley, P., 1994. Irrigation water cost in Egypt. Water international, 19 (3), 145–151.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Allan, T., 2001. The Middle East water question: Hydropolitics and the global economy. Bloomsbury Publishing.
   Google Scholar
• Allan, T., 2011. Virtual water: tackling the threat to our planet's most precious resource. London: IB Tauris.
   Google Scholar
• Al Sayd, I., 2007. In the village of ‘Thirsty Revolution’. Al Masry Al Youm. 7 July. Available from: http://today.almasryalyoum.com/article2.aspx?ArticleID=67665 [Accessed November 2019].
   Google Scholar
• Ayeb, H., 2004. La question Hydraulique en Égypte: Pauvreté, Accès et Gouvernance. De la pauvreté hydraulique. PCSI seminar paper, December, Montpellier.
   Google Scholar
• Ayeb, H., 2010. La crise de la société rurale en egypte. La fin du fellah? Paris: Karthala Editions.
   Google Scholar
• Ayeb, H., and Bush, R., 2019. Food insecurity and revolution in the Middle East and North Africa: Agrarian questions in Egypt and Tunisia. London: Anthem Press.
   Google Scholar
• Ayeb, H., and Saad, R., 2013. Gender, Poverty, and Agro-biodiversity Conservation in Rural Egypt and Tunisia. In H. Ayeb, and R. Saad, eds. Agrarian Transformation in the Arab World: Persistent and Emerging Challenges, Cairo Papers, 32(2), 129–155.
   Google Scholar
• Badawy, W.M., et al., 2017. Major and trace element distribution in soil and sediments from the Egyptian central Nile valley. Journal of African earth sciences, 131, 53–61.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barnes, J., 2014. Cultivating the Nile: the everyday politics of water in Egypt. Durham, NC: Duke University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Blaikie, P., 1995. Changing environments or changing views? A political ecology for developing countries. Geography, 80 (3), 203–214.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boelens, R., et al., 2016. Hydrosocial territories: a political ecology perspective. Water international, 41 (1), 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boelens, R., Perreault, T., and Vos, J., 2018. Water justice. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics (CAPMAS). 2019. Egypt in figures 2018. Cairo: CAPMAS.
   Google Scholar
• Damonte, G., and Boelens, R., 2019. Hydrosocial territories, agro-export and water scarcity: capitalist territorial transformations and water governance in Peru’s coastal valleys. Water international, 44 (2), 206–223.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Democracy Index Association, Index of the protest movement in Egypt in 2015 (Report), 2016. http://demometer.blogspot.fr/2016/01/3691-2015.html [Accessed January 2019].
   Google Scholar
• Egyptian Center for Social and Economic Rights (ECSER). 2014. Protest bulletin report for 2013. Cairo: ECSER.
   Google Scholar
• Egyptian Organization for Human Rights (EOHR). 2009. Water pollution: a ticking time bomb threatening the life of the Egyptians. EOHR.
   Google Scholar
• El Nour, S., 2013. Dynamiques contemporaines de la pauvreté dans l’Égypte rurale: Cas de Nazlet Salman, Dissertation (PhD). Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense.
   Google Scholar
• El Nour, S., 2015. Small farmers and the revolution in Egypt: the forgotten actors. Contemporary Arab affairs, 8 (2), 198–211.
   Google Scholar
• El Nour, S., 2019. Grabbing from below: a study of land reclamation in Egypt. Review of African political economy, 46 (162), 549–566.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• El Watan News, 2015. Thirst crisis intensifies in Port Said, Asyut and Luxor, 24 August. Available from: http://www.elwatannews.com/news/details/791797 [Accessed January 2017].
   Google Scholar
• Fernea, R.A., and Kennedy, J.G., 1966. Initial adaptations to resettlement: a new life for Egyptian Nubians. Current anthropology, 7 (3), 349–354.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Government of Egypt, 2014. Sustainable development Strategy: Egypt’s Vision 2030 and medium-term investment framework 2014/2015-2018-2019. Available from: http://extwprlegs1.fao.org/docs/pdf/egy151569.pdf [Accessed March 2021].
   Google Scholar
• Guha, R., 1997. The environmentalism of the poor. In: R. Fox and O. Starn, eds. Between resistance and revolution. Cultural politics and social protest. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 17–40.
   Google Scholar
• Habashi, R., 2016. A rise in prices of drinking water. Muheet Press, 22 December, http://www.muheet.net/egypt-news/105746.html?source=true [Accessed January 2017].
   Google Scholar
• Habi Center for Environmental Rights (HCER). 2012a. Right to water, first quarterly report, January-march. Cairo: HCER.
   Google Scholar
• Habi Center for Environmental Rights (HCER). 2012b. Right to water, second quarterly report, April-June. Cairo: HCER.
   Google Scholar
• Habi Center for Environmental Rights (HCER). 2012c. Right to water, third quarterly report, July-September. Cairo: HCER.
   Google Scholar
• Habi Center for Environmental Rights (HCER). 2012d. Right to water, fourth quarterly report, October-December. Cairo: HCER.
   Google Scholar
• Hutter, S., 2014. Protest event analysis and its offspring. In: Donatella Della Porta, ed. Methodological practices in social movement research. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 335–367.
   Google Scholar
• Kamel, E.G., and El-Minshawy, O., 2010. Environmental factors incriminated in the development of end stage renal disease in El-Minia Governorate, Upper Egypt. Journal of nephro-urology monthly, 2 (3), 431–437.
   Google Scholar
• Khaled, A., 2016. Sisi: the citizen pays less than a quarter of the cost of water and takes the rest. Al Bedaiah Newspaer, 6 February. Available from: http://albedaiah.com/news/2016/02/06/106478 [Accessed January 2019].
   Google Scholar
• Lolwa, R., 2018. Analysis: What are Egyptians using the internet for? 30 May. Egypt today new site. https://is.gd/sxmE8Q [Accessed September 4 2019].
   Google Scholar
• Martin, A., 2017. Just conservation: biodiversity, wellbeing and sustainability. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez-Alier, J., 2003. The environmentalism of the poor: a study of ecological conflicts and valuation. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez-Alier, J., 2009. Social metabolism, ecological distribution conflicts, and languages of valuation. Capitalism nature socialism, 20 (1), 58–87.
   Google Scholar
• Megahed, A.M., Dahshan, H., Abd-El-Kader, M.A., Abd-Elall, A.M.M., Elbana, M.H., Nabawy, E. and Mahmoud, H.A., 2015. Polychlorinated biphenyls water pollution along the River Nile, Egypt. The scientific World journal. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/389213.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Agriculture and Land Reclamation (MARL). 2009. Strategy for sustainable agricultural development 2030. Cairo: MARL, Agricultural Research Council.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Communication and Information Technology. 2015. Measuring the digital society in Egypt: Internet at a glance statistical profile 2015. Available from: https://is.gd/Q1dzaN [Accessed 20 September 2019].
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MERI). 2005. National water resources plan for Egypt – 2017. Cairo: MERI.
   Google Scholar
• Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation (MWRI). 2002. Survey of Nile system pollution sources. APRP-water policy activity (report No. 64). MWRI, EPIQ.
   Google Scholar
• Mitchell, T., 2002. Rule of experts: Egypt, techno-politics, modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press.
   Google Scholar
• Mohamed, N.N., 2016. Land degradation in the Nile delta. In: A.M Negm, ed. The Nile delta. Cham: Springer, 235–264.
   Google Scholar
• Official Gazette. 2004. Presidential Decree No. 135, Issue 18bis, April 29. Al-Matba’ Al-Amriya.
   Google Scholar
• Official Gazette. 2017. Council of Ministers Decree No. 1730, Issue 30bis, August 1. Al-Matba’ Al-Amriya.
   Google Scholar
• Official Gazette. 2018a. Law No.7, Issue 3bis, January 24. Al-Matba’ Al-A amriya.
   Google Scholar
• Official Gazette. 2018b. Issue 22bis, Council of Ministers Decree No. 1012, May 31. Al-Matba’ Al-Amriya.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver, P.E., Cadena-Roa, J., and Strawn, K.D., 2003. Emerging trends in the study of protest and social movements. Research in political sociology, 12 (1), 213–244.
   Google Scholar
• Rap, E., et al., 2019. The limits to participation: branch-canal water user associations in the Egyptian delta. Water international, 44 (1), 31–50.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Labajos, B., and Martínez-Alier, J., 2015. Political ecology of water conflicts. WIREs water Wiley interdisciplinary reviews: water, 2 (5), 537–558.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saad, R., 2016. Before the spring: shifting patterns of protest in rural Egypt. In: A. Ghazal and J. Hanssen, eds. The Oxford handbook of Contemporary middle-Eastern and North African history. http://www.oxfordhandbooks.com/view/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199672530.001.0001/oxfordhb-9780199672530-e-32
   Google Scholar
• Said, R., 2001. The Nile river: Its origins and use of water in the past and the future. Cairo: Dar Al-Hilal.
   Google Scholar
• Schlosberg, D., 2007. Defining environmental justice: theories, movements, and nature. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Serag, Y., 2013. Nubian resettlement challenges between past memories and present settings. In Sustainable building conference SB13-Cairo.
   Google Scholar
• Shamrukh, M. and Abdel-Wahab, A., 2011. Water pollution and riverbank filtration for water supply along river Nile, Egypt. In Riverbank filtration for water security in desert countries, Ray, Chittaranjan, and Mohamed Shamrukh, eds., pp. 5–28. Dordrecht: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Sneddon, C., and Fox, C., 2008. River-basin politics and the rise of ecological and transnational democracy in Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. Water alternatives, 1 (1), 66–88.
   Google Scholar
• Social Justice Platform (SJP), 2019. 2018: a year of social and economic protests (report). Cairo: SJP.
   Google Scholar
• Sowers, J., 2012. Institutional change in authoritarian regimes: water and the state in Egypt. In: P.F. Steinberg and S.D VanDeveer, eds. Comparative environmental politics: theory, practice, and prospects. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 231–253.
   Google Scholar
• Tadamun. 2013. How the Egyptians get a cup of pure water? November 29. http://www.tadamun.co/?post_type=initiative&p=2869#.XdBaelczbIV [Accessed November 2019].
   Google Scholar
• Tarrow, S. G., 1989. Struggle, politics, and reform: collective action, social movements and cycles of protest (No. 21). Center for International Studies, Cairo: Cornell University.
   Google Scholar
• Tilly, C., 1978. From mobilization to revolution. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
   Google Scholar
• United States Agency for International Development (USAID). 2013. Egypt water policy and regulatory reform program: final report. USAID. Available from: https://www.chemonics.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Egypt-WPRR-Final-Report-September-2013.pdf [Accessed November 2019].
   Google Scholar
• Wahaab, R.A., and Badawy, M.I., 2004. Water quality assessment of the River Nile system: an overview. Biomedical and environmental sciences, 17 (1), 87–100.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Bank. 2018. Implementation, completion and results report on a loan amount of US$100 million equivalent to the Government of Egypt, Ministry of International Cooperation for the Egypt-farm-level irrigation modernization (P117745). Available from: http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/851281529960662155/pdf/Implementation-Completion-and-Results-Report-ICR-Document-06222018.pdf [Accessed March 2021].
   Google Scholar
• Yassin, M., 2011. Assiut water crisis: 80% of the population rely on wells and the purification plants is disabled. Al Masry Al Youm. 30 May. https://www.almasryalyoum.com/news/details/135205 [Accessed November 2019].
   Google Scholar
• Zwarteveen, M.Z., and Boelens, R., 2014. Defining, researching and struggling for water justice: some conceptual building blocks for research and action. Water international, 39 (2), 143–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar