Stress, anxiety, and depression in professional graduate students during COVID 19 pandemic

References

• Agius, A. M., Gatt, G., Vento Zahra, E., Busuttil, A., Gainza‐cirauqui, M. L., Cortes, A. R., & Attard, N. J. (2021). Self‐reported dental student stressors and experiences during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Dental Education, 85(2), 208–215. https://doi.org/10.1002/jdd.12409
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akkus, A. (2019). Developing a scale to measure students’ attitudes toward science. International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education, 6(4), 706–720. https://doi.org/10.21449/ijate.548516
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alansari, B. M. (2005). Relationship between depression and anxiety among undergraduate students in eighteen Arab countries: A cross-cultural study. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 33(5), 503–512. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2005.33.5.503
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Alzahem, A. M., van der Molen, H. T., Alaujan, A. H., Schmidt, H. G., & Zamakhshary, M. H. (2011). Stress amongst dental students: A systematic review. European Journal of Dental Education, 15(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0579.2010.00640.x
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ashraf, N. A., & Sahar, S. (2021). Prevalence of stress among physical therapy students: A comparative study between public and private university. Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation, 10(2). http://ojs.zu.edu.pk/ojs/index.php/pjr/article/view/1188
   Google Scholar
• Aucejo, E. M., French, J., Araya, M. P. U., & Zafar, B. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on student experiences and expectations: Evidence from a survey. Journal of Public Economics, 191, 104271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104271
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barlow, P., van Schalkwyk, M. C., McKee, M., Labonté, R., & Stuckler, D. (2021). COVID-19 and the collapse of global trade: Building an effective public health response. The Lancet Planetary Health, 5(2), e102–e107. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(20)30291-6
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Basudan, S., Binanzan, N., & Alhassan, A. (2017). Depression, anxiety, and stress in dental students. International Journal of Medical Education, 8, 179–186. https://doi.org/10.5116/ijme.5910.b961
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bergdahl, J., & Bergdahl, M. (2002). Perceived stress in adults: Prevalence and association of depression, anxiety, and medication in a Swedish population. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 18(5), 235–241. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.946
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Berzosa, C., Cebrian, I., Fuentes-Broto, L., Gomez-Trullen, E., Piedrafita, E., Martinez-Ballarin, E., López-Pingarrón, L., Reiter, R., & García, J. (2011). Acute exercise increases plasma total antioxidant status and antioxidant enzyme activities in untrained men. Journal of Biomedicine & Biotechnology, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/540458
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bettio, L., Thacker, J. S., Hutton, C., & Christie, B. R. (2019). Modulation of synaptic plasticity by exercise. International Review of Neurobiology, 147, 295–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2019.07.002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bibi, A., Lin, M., Zhang, X. C., & Margraf, J. (2020). Psychometric properties and measurement invariance of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS‐21) across cultures. International Journal of Psychology, 55(6), 916–925. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12671
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bogardus, J. M., Blackinton, M., Litwin, B., Nelson, T. M., & Mitchell, K. (2021). Depression, anxiety, and stress in doctor of physical therapy students: Analysis of incidence and lived experiences. Journal of Physical Therapy Education, 35(3), 251–257. https://doi.org/10.1097/JTE.0000000000000185
   Google Scholar
• Boschloo, L., Vogelzangs, N., van den Brink, W., Smit, J. H., Veltman, D. J., Beekman, A. T., & Penninx, B. W. (2013). Depressive and anxiety disorders predicting the first incidence of alcohol use disorders: Results of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 74(12), 1233–1240. https://doi.org/10.4088/JCP.12m08159
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulton, M., & O’Connell, K. A. (2017). Nursing students’ perceived faculty support, stress, and substance misuse. The Journal of Nursing Education, 56(7), 404–411. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20170619-04
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bridgeman, P. J., Bridgeman, M. B., & Barone, J. (2018). Burnout syndrome among healthcare professionals. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 75(3), 147–152. https://doi.org/10.2146/ajhp170460
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cadaret, M. C., & Bennett, S. R. (2019). College students’ reported financial stress and its relationship to psychological distress. Journal of College Counseling, 22(3), 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12139
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cheng, P., Casement, M. D., Kalmbach, D. A., Castelan, A. C., & Drake, C. L. (2021). Digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia promotes later health resilience during the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Sleep, 44(4). https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa258
   Google Scholar
• Chew, N. W. S., Cheong, C., Kong, G., Phua, K., Ngiam, J. N., Tan, B. Y. Q., Wang, B., Hao, F., Tan, W., Han, X., Tran, B. X., Hoang, M. T., Pham, H. Q., Vu, G. T., Chen, Y., Danuaji, R., Rn, K., Pv, M., Talati, K., … Sharma, V. K. (2021). An Asia-Pacific study on healthcare workers’ perceptions of, and willingness to receive, the COVID-19 vaccination. International Journal of Infectious Diseases, 106, 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2021.03.069
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chirikov, I., Soria, K. M., Horgos, B., & Jones-White, D. (2020). Undergraduate and graduate students’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Center for Studies in Higher Education. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80k5d5hw
   Google Scholar
• Clark, D. A., Steer, R. A., & Beck, A. T. (1994). Common and specific dimensions of self-reported anxiety and depression: Implications for the cognitive and tripartite models. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103(4), 645. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.103.4.645
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coker, A., Coker, O., & Sanni, D. (2018). Psychometric properties of the 21-item depression anxiety stress scale (DASS-21). African Research Review, 12(2), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v12i2.13
   Google Scholar
• Crum, R. M., La Flair, L., Storr, C. L., Green, K. M., Stuart, E. A., Alvanzo, A. A., Lazareck, S., Bolton, J. M., Robinson, J., & Sareen, J. (2013). Reports of drinking to self‐medicate anxiety symptoms: Longitudinal assessment for subgroups of individuals with alcohol dependence. Depression and Anxiety, 30(2), 174–183. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22024
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Debowska, A., Horeczy, B., Boduszek, D., & Dolinski, D. (2020). A repeated cross-sectional survey assessing university students’ stress, depression, anxiety, and suicidality in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland. Psychological Medicine, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1017/S003329172000392X
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dendle, C., Baulch, J., Pellicano, R., Hay, M., Lichtwark, I., Ayoub, S., Clarke, D. M., Morand, E. F., Kumar, A., & Leech, M. (2018). Medical student psychological distress and academic performance. Medical Teacher, 40(12), 1257–1263. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2018.1427222
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Destin, M., & Svoboda, R. C. (2018). Costs on the mind: The influence of the financial burden of college on academic performance and cognitive functioning. Research in Higher Education, 59(3), 302–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-017-9469-8
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyrbye, L. N., Massie, F. S.,sJr., Eacker, A., Harper, W., Power, D., Durning, S. J., Thomas, M. R., Moutier, C., Satele, D., Sloan, J., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2010). Relationship between burnout and professional conduct and attitudes among US medical students. JAMA, 304(11), 1173–1180. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1318
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dyrbye, L. N., Thomas, M. R., & Shanafelt, T. D. (2006). Systematic review of depression, anxiety, and other indicators of psychological distress among U.S. and Canadian medical students. Academic Medicine: Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges, 81(4), 354–373. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200604000-00009
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Elsalem, L., Al-Azzam, N., Jum’Ah, A. A., Obeidat, N., Sindiani, A. M., & Kheirallah, K. A. (2020). Stress and behavioral changes with remote E-exams during the Covid-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study among undergraduates of medical sciences. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 60, 271–279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2020.10.058
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ganesananthan, S., Li, C., Donnir, A., Anthony, A., Woo, T., Zielinska, A. P., & Khajuria, A. (2021). Changing student perception of an online integrated structured clinical examination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 12, 887–894. https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S325364
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ghafoor, S., Chaudhry, S., & Khan, J. S. (2020). Marital status as a stress indicator in postgraduate dental students. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 70(1), 158–161. https://doi.org/10.5455/JPMA.4571
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Halboub, E., Alhajj, M. N., AlKhairat, A. M., Sahaqi, A.-A.-M., & Quadri, M. F. A. (2018). Perceived stress among undergraduate dental students in relation to gender, clinical training and academic performance. Acta Stomatologica Croatica, 52(1), 37. https://doi.org/10.15644/asc52/1/6
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hamza, C. A., Ewing, L., Heath, N. L., & Goldstein, A. L. (2021). When social isolation is nothing new: A longitudinal study on psychological distress during COVID-19 among university students with and without preexisting mental health concerns. Canadian Psychology/psychologie Canadienne, 62(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000255
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ho, C. S., Chee, C. Y., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Mental health strategies to combat the psychological impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) beyond paranoia and panic. Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore, 49(3), 155–160. https://doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.202043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Husain, S. F., Yu, R., Tang, T. B., Tam, W. W., Tran, B., Quek, T. T., Hwang, S. H., Chang, C. W., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Validating a functional near-infrared spectroscopy diagnostic paradigm for Major Depressive Disorder. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 9740. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66784-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hussein, O. M., Zainal, N. Z. B., & Abdel Latif, M. E. (2012). Prevalence of stress among international post-graduate doctors at the University Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research, 6(5), 859–862. https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2012/.2221
   Google Scholar
• Iqbal, S., Gupta, S., & Venkatarao, E. (2015). Stress, anxiety, and depression among medical undergraduate students and their socio-demographic correlates. The Indian Journal of Medical Research, 141(3), 354–357. https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.156571
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Kallies, G., Rapp, M. A., Fydrich, T., Fehm, L., Tschorn, M., Terán, C., Schwefel, M., Pietrek, A., Henze, R., & Hellweg, R. (2019). Serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) at rest and after acute aerobic exercise in major depressive disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 102, 212–215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.12.015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lan, H. T. Q., Long, N. T., & Van Hanh, N. (2020). Validation of depression, anxiety, and stress scales (DASS-21): Immediate psychological responses of students in the e-learning environment. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(5), 125. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijhe.v9n5p125
   Google Scholar
• Le, H. T., Lai, A. J. X., Sun, J., Hoang, M. T., Vu, L. G., Pham, H. Q., Nguyen, T. H., Tran, B. X., Latkin, C. A., Le, X. T. T., Nguyen, T. T., Pham, Q. T., Ta, N. T. K., Nguyen, Q. T., Ho, R. C. M., & Ho, C. S. H. (2020). Anxiety and depression among people under the nationwide partial lockdown in Vietnam. Frontiers in Public Health, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.589359
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Le, M. T. H., Tran, T. D., Holton, S., Nguyen, H. T., Wolfe, R., & Fisher, J. (2017). Reliability, convergent validity, and factor structure of the DASS-21 in a sample of Vietnamese adolescents. PLoS One, 12(7), e0180557. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180557
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lee, D. (2019). The convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21). Journal of Affective Disorders, 259, 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2019.06.036
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, S.-Y., Fried, E. I., & Eaton, N. R. (2020). The association of life stress with substance use symptoms: A network analysis and replication. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 129(2), 204. https://doi.org/10.1037/abn0000485
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1996). Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales (2nd ed.). Psychology Foundation of Australia.
   Google Scholar
• Malhi, G. S., & Mann, J. J. (2018). Depression. Lancet, 392(10161), 2299–2312. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31948-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• McIntyre, J. C., Worsley, J., Corcoran, R., Harrison Woods, P., & Bentall, R. P. (2018). Academic and non-academic predictors of student psychological distress: The role of social identity and loneliness. Journal of Mental Health, 27(3), 230–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638237.2018.1437608
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mousavi, M. P. S., Sohrabpour, Z., Anderson, E. L., Stemig-Vindedahl, A., Golden, D., Christenson, G., Lust, K., & Bühlmann, P. (2018). Stress and mental health in graduate school: How student empowerment creates lasting change. Journal of Chemical Education, 95(11), 1939–1946. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.8b00188
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Moutinho, I. L., Maddalena, N. C., Roland, R. K., Lucchetti, A. L., Tibiriçá, S. H., Ezequiel, O. D., & Lucchetti, G. (2017). Depression, stress, and anxiety in medical students: A cross-sectional comparison between students from different semesters. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira, 63(1), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.63.01.21
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mukosolu, O., Ibrahim, F., Rampal, L., & Ibrahim, N. (2015). Prevalence of job stress and its associated factors among Universiti Putra Malaysia staff. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 11(1), 27–38. http://www.medic.upm.edu.my/upload/dokumen/FKUSK1_Article_4_(1).pdf
   Google Scholar
• Narita, Z., Banawa, R., Zhou, S., DeVylder, J., Koyanagi, A., & Oh, H. (2022). Loneliness and psychotic experiences among US university students: Findings from the Healthy Minds Study 2020. Psychiatry Research, 308, 114362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114362
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• O’Keefe, R., & Auffermann, K. (2022). Exploring the effect of COVID-19 on graduate nursing education. Academic Medicine, 97(3), S61. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000004537
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Osman, A., Wong, J. L., Bagge, C. L., Freedenthal, S., Gutierrez, P. M., & Lozano, G. (2012). The depression anxiety stress scales—21 (DASS‐21): Further examination of dimensions, scale reliability, and correlates. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(12), 1322–1338. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21908
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pisaniello, M. S., Asahina, A. T., Bacchi, S., Wagner, M., Perry, S. W., Wong, M. L., & Licinio, J. (2019). Effect of medical student debt on mental health, academic performance and specialty choice: A systematic review. BMJ Open, 9(7), e029980. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029980
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Puthran, R., Zhang, M. W., Tam, W. W., & Ho, R. C. (2016). Prevalence of depression amongst medical students: A meta-analysis. Medical Education, 50(4), 456–468. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12962
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, I. J., Pereira, R., Freire, I. V., de Oliveira, B. G., Casotti, C. A., & Boery, E. N. (2018). Stress and quality of life among university students: A systematic literature review. Health Professions Education, 4(2), 70–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hpe.2017.03.002
   Google Scholar
• Saeed, S. A., Cunningham, K., & Bloch, R. M. (2019). Depression and anxiety disorders: benefits of exercise, yoga, and meditation. American Family Physician, 99(10), 620–627. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2019/0515/p620.html
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Saidy, C., & Sura, T. (2020). When everything changes overnight: What we learned from teaching the writing practicum in the era of Covid-19. Teaching/writing: The Journal of Writing Teacher Education, 9(1), 21. https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/wte/vol9/iss1/21
   Google Scholar
• Sallam, N., & Laher, I. (2016). Exercise modulates oxidative stress and inflammation in aging and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2016, 7239639. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/7239639
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sanches, B. P., Da Silva, N. R., & Silva, M. L. (2018). Evaluation of stress in students graduating from occupational therapy. Cadernos Brasileiros De Terapia Ocupacional-Brazilian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 26(1), 153–161. https://doi.org/10.4322/2526-8910.ctoAO1025
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sani, M., Mahfouz, M., Bani, I., Alsomily, A., Alagi, D., Alsomily, N., & Asiri, S. (2012). Prevalence of stress among medical students in Jizan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Gulf Medical Journal, 1(1), 19–25. https://www.academia.edu/34494729/Prevalence_of_stress_among_medical_students_in_Jizan_University_Kingdom_of_Saudi_Arabia
   Google Scholar
• Shete, A., & Garkal, K. (2015). A study of stress, anxiety, and depression among postgraduate medical students. CHRISMED Journal of Health and Research, 2(2), 119–123. https://doi.org/10.4103/2348-3334.153255
   Google Scholar
• Soh, H. L., Ho, R. C., Ho, C. S., & Tam, W. W. (2020). Efficacy of digital cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Sleep Medicine, 75, 315–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.08.020
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Son, C., Hegde, S., Smith, A., Wang, X., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 on college students’ mental health in the United States: Interview survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9), e21279. https://doi.org/10.2196/21279
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stone, B. M. (2021). The ethical use of fit indices in structural equation modeling: Recommendations for psychologists. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 783226. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.783226
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tee, M. L., Tee, C. A., Anlacan, J. P., Aligam, K. J. G., Reyes, P. W. C., Kuruchittham, V., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 379–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.043
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thompson, M. N., Her, P., Fetter, A. K., & Perez‐chavez, J. (2019). College student psychological distress: Relationship to self‐esteem and career decision self‐efficacy beliefs. The Career Development Quarterly, 67(4), 282–297. https://doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12199
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran, B. X., Nguyen, H. T., Le, H. T., Latkin, C. A., Pham, H. Q., Vu, L. G., Le, X. T. T., Nguyen, T. T., Pham, Q. T., Ta, N. T. K., Nguyen, Q. T., Ho, C. S. H., & Ho, R. C. M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on economic well-being and quality of life of the Vietnamese during the national social distancing. Frontiers in Psychology, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.565153
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tran, T. D., Tran, T., & Fisher, J. (2013). Validation of the depression anxiety stress scales (DASS) 21 as a screening instrument for depression and anxiety in a rural community-based cohort of northern Vietnamese women. BMC Psychiatry, 13(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-13-24
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, C., Chudzicka-Czupała, A., Grabowski, D., Pan, R., Adamus, K., Wan, X., Hetnał, M., Tan, Y., Olszewska-Guizzo, A., & Xu, L. (2020). The association between physical and mental health and face mask use during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparison of two countries with different views and practices. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 569981. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.569981
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., Hegde, S., Son, C., Keller, B., Smith, A., & Sasangohar, F. (2020). Investigating mental health of US college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional survey study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(9), e22817. https://doi.org/10.2196/22817
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C., López-Núñez, M. I., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Choo, F., Ho, R., Ho, C., & Aparicio García, M. E. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health in China and Spain: Cross-sectional study. JMIR Form Res, 5(5), e27818. https://doi.org/10.2196/27818
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Wang, C., Pan, R., Wan, X., Tan, Y., Xu, L., Ho, C. S., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051729
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, C., Tripp, C., Sears, S. F., Xu, L., Tan, Y., Zhou, D., Ma, W., Xu, Z., Chan, N. A., & Ho, C. (2021). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical and mental health in the two largest economies in the world: A comparison between the United States and China. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 44(6), 741–759. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-021-00237-7
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Webber, S. C., Wener, P., MacDonald, L. L., Tittlemier, B. J., Hahn, F., & Cooper, J. E. (2020). “This program should come with a warning sign!”: Mental wellness in occupational therapy and physical therapy students. Journal of American College Health, 31, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1865983
   Google Scholar
• Xiong, J., Lipsitz, O., Nasri, F., Lui, L., Gill, H., Phan, L., Chen-Li, D., Iacobucci, M., Ho, R., Majeed, A., & McIntyre, R. S. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. Journal of Affective Disorders, 277, 55–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.001
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zegeye, A., Mossie, A., Gebrie, A., & Markos, Y. (2018). Stress among postgraduate students and its association with substance use. Journal of Psychiatry, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.4172/2378-5756.1000448
   Google Scholar