References
- Statistical release P 0302. Midyear population estimates. 2013. Available from: www.statssa.gov.za
- Mamsallah F, Naidoo N, Glencross DK, et al. Providing immediate CD4 count results at HIV testing improves ART initiation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;58:e54–9.
- Moir S, Fauci AS. Pathogenic mechanisms of B-lymphocyte dysfunction in HIV disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008;122(1):12–9.10.1016/j.jaci.2008.04.034
- Tathiah N, Parboosing R, Pudifin D, et al. HIV and serum protein electrophoresis patterns in Kwazulu-Natal: a retrospective study. SAJHIVMED. 2011;12(1):24–6.
- Sarro YS, Tounkara A, Tangara E, et al. Serum protein electrophoreses: any role in monitoring for antiretroviral therapy? Afr Health Sci. 2010;10(2):138–43.
- Moses A, Nelson J, Bagtey GC. The influence of HIV on haematopoiesis. Blood. 1998;91(5):1479–95.
- Christine C. Haematological abnormalities in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease. J Clin Pathol. 1988;41:711–5.
- Akinda NO, Olasode O, Adediran A, et al. The search for a predictor of CD4 cell count continues: total lymphocyte count is not a substitute for CD4 cell count in management of HIV-infected individuals in a resource limited setting. CID. 2004;39:579–81.
- Wondimeneh Y, Ferede G, Yismaw G, et al. Total lymphocyte count as surrogate marker for CD4 cell count in HIV-infected individuals in Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. AIDS Res Ther. 2012;9:1–4.10.1186/1742-6405-9-21
- Chen J, Li W, Huang X, et al. Evaluating total lymphocyte count as a surrogate marker for CD4 cell count in the management of HIV-infected patients in resource-limited settings: a study from China. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(7):1–6.10.1371/journal.pone.0069704
- Vanker N, Ipp H. The use of the full blood count and differential parameters to assess immune activation levels in asymptomatic, untreated HIV infection. SAMJ. 2014;104(1):45–8.
- Olawumi HO, Olatunji PO. The value of serum albumin in pretreatment assessment and monitoring of therapy in HIV/AIDS patients. HIV Med. 2006;7:351–5.10.1111/hiv.2006.7.issue-6
- Larson BA, Brennan A, McNamara L, et al. Lost opportunities to complete CD4+ lymphocyte testing among patients who tested positive for HIV in South Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88:675–80.10.2471/BLT.09.068981
- Wynberg E, Cooke G, Shroufi A, et al. Impact of point-of-care CD4 testing on linkage to HIV care: a systemic review. JIAS. 2014;17:1–6.
- Mugglin C, Estill J, Wandeler G, et al. Loss to programme between HIV diagnosis and initiation of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis. Trop Med Int Health. 2012;17(12):1509–20.10.1111/tmi.2012.17.issue-12
- Jani IV, Sitoe NE, Alfai ER, et al. Effect of point-of-care CD4 cell count tests on retention of patients and rates of antiretroviral therapy initiation in primary health clinics: an observational cohort study. Lancet. 2011;378(9802):1572–9.10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61052-0
- Mamsallah F, Naidoo N, Glencross DK, et al. Providing immediate CD4 count results at HIV testing improves ART initiation. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2011;58:e54–9.
- Department of Health. National consolidated guidelines for the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) and the management of HIV in children, adolescent and adults. 2014 Dec 24:65–66. Available from: www.doh.gov.za.
- Damtie D, Yismaw G, Woldeyohannes D, et al. Common opportunistic infections and their CD4 cell correlates among HIV-infected patients attending at antiretroviral therapy clinic of Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes. 2013;6:1–7.10.1186/1756-0500-6-534
- Kulkarni SV, Kairon R, Sane SS, et al. Opportunistic parasitic infections in HIV/AIDS patients presenting with diarrhoea by the level of immunesuppression. Indian J Med Res. 2009;130:63–6.
- Phair J, Muñoz A, Detels R, et al. The risk of Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia among men infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1. N Engl J Med. 1990;322(3):161–5.10.1056/NEJM199001183220304
- Mansharamani NG, Garland R, Delaney D, et al. Management and outcome patterns for adult Pnuemocystis carinii Pneumonia, 1985 to 1995. Chest. 2000;118(3):704–11.10.1378/chest.118.3.704
- Mermin J, Lule J, Ekwaru P, et al. Effect of co-trimoxazole prophylaxis on morbidity, mortality, CD4-cell count, and viral load in HIV infection in rural Uganda. Lancet. 2004;364:1428–34.10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17225-5
- Bipath P, Viljoen M, Levay PF. Levels of procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and neopterin in patients with advanced HIV-1 infection. SAJHIVMED. 2012;13(2):78–82.
- Mildvan D, et al. Serum neopterin, an immune activation marker, independently predicts disease progression in advanced HIV-1 infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;40:853–8.10.1086/427877