Modifiable factors within the prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme associated with failure to prevent HIV transmission in the Onandjokwe district of Namibia

References

• Global plan towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children by 2015 and keeping their mothers alive. [cited 2016 Feb 26]. Available from: http://www.readbag.com/unaids-en-media-unaids-contentassets-documents-unaidspublication-2011-20110609-jc2137-global-plan-elimination-hiv-children-en
   Google Scholar
• Proposal for Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable development knowledge platform [cited 2016 Feb 23]. Available from: https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/focussdgs.html
   Google Scholar
• Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV. [cited 2016 Apr 15]. Available from: http://www.avert.org/professionals/hiv-programming/prevention/prevention-mother-child
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. WHO validates elimination of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and syphilis in Cuba [cited 2016 Feb 26]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/mtct-hiv-cuba/en/
   Google Scholar
• Caffe S, Perez F, Kamb ML, et al. Cuba validated as the first country to eliminate mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and congenital syphilis: lessons learned from the implementation of the global validation methodology. Sex Transm Dis. 2016;43(12):733–736. doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0000000000000528
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• VanDeusen A, Paintsil E, Agyarko-Poku T, et al. Cost effectiveness of option B plus for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in resource-limited countries: evidence from Kumasi, Ghana. BMC Infect Dis. 2015;15:130. doi: 10.1186/s12879-015-0859-2
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bhardwaj S, Carter B, Aarons GA, et al. Implementation research for the prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in Sub-Saharan Africa: existing evidence, current gaps, and new opportunities. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep. 2015;12(2):246–255. doi: 10.1007/s11904-015-0260-1
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Shetty AK. Epidemiology of HIV infection in women and children: a global perspective. Curr HIV Res. 2013;11(2):81–92. doi: 10.2174/1570162X11311020002
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Thomas TK, Masaba R, Borkowf CB, et al. Triple-antiretroviral prophylaxis to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission through breastfeeding – the Kisumu breastfeeding study, Kenya: a clinical trial. PLoS Med. 2011;8(3):e1001015. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001015
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for treating and preventing HIV infection [cited 2016 Feb 29]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK195400/
   Google Scholar
• World Health Organization. Guideline on when to start antiretroviral therapy and on pre-exposure prophylaxis for HIV [cited 2016 Feb 26]. Available from: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/186275/1/9789241509565_eng.pdf
   Google Scholar
• AIDS Info. Recommendations for use of antiretroviral drugs in pregnant HIV-1 infected women for maternal health and interventions to reduce perinatal HIV transmission in the United States [cited 2017 Jun 24]. Available from: https://aidsinfo.nih.gov/guidelines/html/3/perinatal-guidelines/187/infant-antiretroviral-prophylaxis
   Google Scholar
• Republic of Namibia. National guidelines for antiretroviral therapy. 5th ed. [cited 2017 Jun 28], Ministry of Health and Social Service, Namibia. Available from: http://www.methealth.com.na/PDF/2017/MaxFINAL_Namibia_ART_Guidelines2017.pdf.
   Google Scholar
• Woldesenbet S, Jackson D, Lombard C, et al. Missed opportunities along the prevention of mother-to-child transmission services cascade in South Africa: uptake, determinants, and attributable risk (the SAPMTCTE). PLoS One. 2015;10(7):e0132425. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132425
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kendall C, Claessens L, Dorward J, et al. Reasons for failure of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in a rural South African district hospital. South Afr J HIV Med. 2015;16(1):a365. doi: 10.4102/sajhivmed.v16i1.365
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UNAIDS. Progress report on the global plan towards the elimination of new HIV infections among children and keeping their mothers alive [cited 2018 Jun 27]. Available from: http://www.unaids.org/en/resources/documents/2015/JC2774_2015ProgressReport_GlobalPlan
   Google Scholar
• Buchanan AM, Cunningham CK. Advances and failures in preventing perinatal human immunodeficiency virus infection. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009;22(3):493–507. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00054-08
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Audureau E, Kahn JG, Besson M-H, et al. Scaling up prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission programs in sub-Saharan African countries: a multilevel assessment of site-, program- and country-level determinants of performance. BMC Public Health. 2013;13(1):286. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-286
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Paintsil E, Andiman WA. Update on successes and challenges regarding mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2009;21(1):94–101. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e32831ec353
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mdala JF, Mash R. Causes of mortality and associated modifiable health care factors for children (< 5-years) admitted at onandjokwe hospital, Namibia. African J Prim Heal Care Fam Med. 2015;7(1):1–8. doi: 10.4102/phcfm.v7i1.840
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sialubanje C, Massar K, Hamer DH, et al. Reasons for home delivery and use of traditional birth attendants in rural Zambia: a qualitative study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2015;15:123. doi:10.1186/s12884-015-0652-7.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namibian Ministry of Health and Social Services Directorate of Special Programmes. National guidelines for antiretroviral therapy 2010 [cited 2017 Oct 15]. Available from: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/guidelines/namibia_art.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Tweya H, Gugsa S, Hosseinipour M, et al. Understanding factors, outcomes and reasons for loss to follow-up among women in option B+ PMTCT programme in Lilongwe, Malawi. Trop Med Int Heal 2014;19(11):1360–1366. doi: 10.1111/tmi.12369
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Camacho-Gonzalez AF, Kingbo M-H, Boylan A, et al. Missed opportunities for prevention of mother-to-child transmission in the United States. AIDS. 2015;29(12):1511–1515. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000000710
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Namibia national ART guidelines. 2014 [cited 2016 Mar 1]. Available from: http://preventcrypto.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/Namibia-National-ART-guidelines-2014.pdf
   Google Scholar