From local to national metabolism: a review and a scale-up framework

References

• Agudelo-Vera, C. M., A. Mels, K. Keesman, and H. Rijnaarts. 2012. “The Urban Harvest Approach as an Aid for Sustainable Urban Resource Planning.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 16 (6): 839–19.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Akiyama, T. Urban Metabolism and Sustainability. AUICK Newsletter, No. 17, Japan. 1994.
   Google Scholar
• Arshad Ansari, M., S. Haider, and N. A. Khan. 2020. “Environmental Kuznets Curve Revisited: An Analysis Using Ecological and Material Footprint.” Ecological Indicators 115: 106416.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ayres, R. U., and U. E. Simonis. 1994. Industrial Metabolism: Restructuring for Sustainable Development Tokyo. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Baccini, P. 1996. “Understanding Regional Metabolism for a Sustainable Development of Urban Systems.” Environmental Science and Pollution Research 3 (2): 108–111.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Baccini, P., and H.-P. Bader. 1996. Regionaler Stoffhaushalt: Erfassung, Bewertung, Steuerung [Regional Materials Management: Analysis, Evaluation, Control]. Heidelberg, Germany: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag.
   Google Scholar
• Baccini, P., and P. H. Brunner Metabolism of the Anthroposphere: Analysis, Evaluation, Design. 2012.
   Google Scholar
• Baccni, P., and H. P. Bader Regionaler Stoffhaushalt (Regional Material Management). Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, Heidelberg. 1996.
   Google Scholar
• Bai, X. 2003. “The Process and Mechanism of Urban Environmental Change: An Evolutionary View.” International Journal of Environment and Pollution 19 (5): 528.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bai, X. 2007. “Industrial Ecology and the Global Impacts of Cities.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 11 (2): 1–6.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barles, S. 2009. “Urban Metabolism of Paris and Its Region.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 13 (6): 898–913.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barles, S. 2010. “Society, Energy and Materials: The Contribution of Urban Metabolism Studies to Sustainable Urban Development Issues.” Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 53 (4): 439–455.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Barracó, H., M. Parés, A. Prat, and J. Terradas. 1999. Barcelona 1985-1999. Ecologia D’una Ciutat. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona.
   Google Scholar
• Baynes, T. M. 2016. MDB. A Socio-economic Metabolism Approach to Sustainable Development and Climate Change Mitigation. Cham: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Beloin-Saint-Pierre, D., B. Rugani, S. Lasvaux, A. Mailhac, E. Popovici, G. Sibiude, E. Benetto, and N. Schiopu. 2017. “A Review of Urban Metabolism Studies to Identify Key Methodological Choices for Future Harmonization and Implementation.” Journal of Cleaner Production 163:S223–S40.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bettencourt, L. M. A., J. Lobo, D. Helbing, C. Kuhnert, and G. B. West. 2007. “Growth, Innovation, Scaling, and the Pace of Life in Cities.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 104: 7301–7730.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• BRIDGE. 2008. About BRIDGE project.
   Google Scholar
• Brito, L. 2012. “Analyzing Sustainable Development Goals.” Science 336 (6087): 1396.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Broto, V. C., A. Allen, and E. Rapoport. 2012. “Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Urban Metabolism.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 16 (6): 851–861.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brown, J. H., J. F. Gillooly, A. P. Allen, V. M. Savage, and G. B. West. 2004. “Toward A Metabolic Theory of Ecology.” Ecology 85 (7): 1771–1789.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cash, D. W., W. N. Adger, F. Berkes, P. Garden, L. Lebel, P. Olsson, L. Pritchard, and O. Young. 2006. “Scale and Cross-scale Dynamics: Governance and Information in a Multilevel World.” Ecology and Society 11 (2): 12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Céspedes Restrepo, J. D., and T. Morales-Pinzón. 2018. “Urban Metabolism and Sustainability: Precedents, Genesis and Research Perspectives.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 131: 216–224.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chau, K., T. M. Leung, and W. Y. Ng. 2015. “A Review on Life Cycle Assessment, Life Cycle Energy Assessment and Life Cycle Carbon Emissions Assessment on Buildings.” Applied Energy 143: 395–413.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Chelleri, L., J. J. Waters, M. Olazabal, and G. Minucci. 2015. “Resilience Trade-offs: Addressing Multiple Scales and Temporal Aspects of Urban Resilience.” Environment and Urbanization 27 (1): 181–198.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• ConAccount 2008: Urban metabolism-measuring the ecological city. 1st edition ed. Charles University Environment Centre, Prague, Czech Republic. 2009.
   Google Scholar
• Conan, M. Environmentalism in Landscape Architecture. 2000.
   Google Scholar
• Conke, L. S., and T. L. Ferreira. 2015. “Urban Metabolism: Measuring the City’s Contribution to Sustainable Development.” Environmental Pollution 202: 146–152.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cui, X. Z., X. T. Wang, and Y. Y. Feng. 2019. “Examining Urban Metabolism: A Material Flow Perspective on Cities and Their Sustainability.” Journal of Cleaner Production 214: 767–781.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Curran, M. A. 1997. Environmental Life Cycle Assessment. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Currie, P. K., and J. K. Musango. 2017. “African Urbanization: Assimilating Urban Metabolism into Sustainability Discourse and Practice.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 21 (5): 1262–1276.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Daniels, P. L. 2002. “Approaches for Quantifying the Metabolism of Physical Economies: A Comparative Survey: Part II: Review of Individual Approaches.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 6 (1): 65–88.
   Google Scholar
• Daniels, P. L., and S. Moore. 2001. “Approaches for Quantifying the Metabolism of Physical Economies: Part I.” Methodological Overview 4 (69–93): 5.
   Google Scholar
• Davoudi, S., and J. Sturzaker. 2017. “Urban Form, Policy Packaging and Sustainable Urban Metabolism.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 120: 55–64.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Decker, E. H., S. Elliott, F. A. Smith, D. R. Blake, and F. S. Rowland. 2000. “Energy and Material Flow through the Urban Ecosystem.” Energy & Environmental Science 25: 685–740.
   Google Scholar
• Di Felice, L., M. Ripa, and M. Giampietro. 2018. “Deep Decarbonisation from a Biophysical Perspective: GHG Emissions of a Renewable Electricity Transformation in the EU.” Sustainability 10: 10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Di Felice, L. J., M. Ripa, and M. Giampietro. 2019. “An Alternative to Market-oriented Energy Models: Nexus Patterns across Hierarchical Levels.” Energy Policy 126: 431–443.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Diaz-Maurin, F., and M. Giampietro. 2013. “A “Grammar” for Assessing the Performance of Power-supply Systems: Comparing Nuclear Energy to Fossil Energy.” Energy 49: 162–177.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Dombi, M., A. Karcagi-Kováts, K. Tóth-Szita, and I. Kuti. 2018. “The Structure of Socio-economic Metabolism and Its Drivers on Household Level in Hungary.” Journal of Cleaner Production 172: 758–767.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Duchin, F., and G. M. Lange. 1998. “Prospects for the Recycling of Plastics in the United States.” Structural Change and Economic Dynamics 9 (3): 307–331.
   Google Scholar
• Elmqvist, T., G. Barnett, and C. Wilkinson. 2013. “Exploring Urban Sustainability and Resilience.” In Resilient Sustainable Cities, edited by L. Pearson, 19–28. New York: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Elmqvist, T., M. Fragkias, J. Goodness, B. Güneralp, P. J. Marcotullio, R. I. McDonald, S. Parnell, M. Schewenius, M. Sendstad, K. C. Seto, et al. 2013. “Stewardship of the Biosphere in the Urban Era.” In Urbanization, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services: Challenges and Opportunities: A Global Assessment, edited by T. Elmqvist, M. Fragkias, J. Goodness, B. Güneralp, P. J. Marcotullio, R. I. McDonald, S. Parnell, M. Schewenius, M. Sendstad, K. C. Seto, et al., 719–746. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
   Google Scholar
• Erkman, S. 1997. “Industrial Ecology: An Historical View.” Journal of Cleaner Production 5 (1): 1–10.
   Google Scholar
• Espey, J., E. Swanson, S. Badiee, Z. Christensen, A. Fischer, M. Levy, G. Yetman, A. de Sherbinin, R. Chen, Y. Qiu, et al. 2015. Data for Development: A Needs Assessment for SDG Monitoring and Statistical Capacity Development. UNSDSN.
   Google Scholar
• Eurostat. “Economy-wide Material-flow Accounts and Derived Indicators: A Methodological Guide”. Eurostat, European Commission, Luxembourg. 2001.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer-Kowalski, M. 1998. “Society’s Metabolism: The Intellectual History of Materials Flow Analysis, PART 1, 1860-1970.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 2 (1): 61–78.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer-Kowalski, M., and H. Haberl. 1998. “Sustainable Development: Socio-economic Metabolism and Colonization of Nature.” International Social Science Journal 50 (158): 573–587.
   Google Scholar
• Fischer-Kowalski, M., and W. Huttler. 1988. “Society’s Metabolism: The Intellectual History of Material Flow Analysis, Part II,1970-1988.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 2 (4): 106–136.
   Google Scholar
• Folke, C., Å. Jansson, J. Larsson, and R. Costanza. 1997. “Ecosystem Appropriation by Cities..” Ambio 26: 167–172.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Folke, C., S. R. Carpenter, B. Walker, M. Scheffer, T. Chapin, and J. Rockström. 2010. “Resilience Thinking: Integrating Resilience, Adaptability and Transformability.” Ecology and Society 15 (4): 20.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Foster, J. B. 1999. “Marx’s Theory of Metabolic Rift Classical Foundations for Environmental Sociology.” American Journal of Sociology 105 (2): 366–405.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fritz, S., L. See, T. Carlson, M. Haklay, J. L. Oliver, D. Fraisl, R. Mondardini, M. Brocklehurst, L. A. Shanley, S. Schade, et al. 2019. “Citizen Science and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals.” Nature Sustainability 2 (10): 922–930.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fu, B., J. Zhang, S. Wang, and W. Zhao Classification–coordination–collaboration: a systems approach for advancing sustainable development goals 2020.
   Google Scholar
• Fuso Nerini, F., B. Sovacool, N. Hughes, L. Cozzi, E. Cosgrave, M. Howells, M. Tavoni, J. Tomei, H. Zerriffi, and B. Milligan. 2019. “Connecting Climate Action with Other Sustainable Development Goals.” Nature Sustainability 2 (8): 674–680.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gaggioli, R. A., and W. J. Wepfer. 1980. “Exergy Economics.” Energy 5 (8–9): 823–837.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Geng, Y., Y. Liu, D. Liu, H. Zhao, and B. Xue. 2011. “Regional Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism Analysis in China: A Multi-scale Integrated Analysis of Societal metabolism(MSIASM) Approach.” Energy 36 (8): 4799–4808.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Gerber, J. F., and S. A. Scheidel. 2018. “In Search of Substantive Economics: Comparing Today’s Two Major Socio-metabolic Approaches to the Economy – MEFA and MuSIASEM.” Ecological Economics 144: 186–194.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giampietro, M., and K. Mayumi. 2000a. “Multiple-Scale Integrated Assessment of Societal Metabolism: Introducing the Approach.” Population and Environment 22 (2): 109–153.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giampietro, M., and K. Mayumi. 2000b. “Multiple-scale Integrated Assessments of Societal Metabolis Integrating Biophysical and Economic Representations across Scales.” Population and Environment 22: 155–210.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giampietro, M., K. Mayumi, and A Şorman. 2012. The Metabolic Pattern of Societies: Where Economists Fall Short. London: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Giampietro, M., K. Mayumi, and J. Ramos-Martin. 2009. “Multi-scale Integrated Analysis of Societal and Ecosystem Metabolism (Musiasem): Theoretical Concepts and Basic Rationale.” Energy 34 (3): 313–322.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giljum, S., H. Wieland, S. Lutter, N. Eisenmenger, H. Schandl, and A. Owen. 2019. “The Impacts of Data Deviations between MRIO Models on Material Footprints: A Comparison of EXIOBASE, Eora, and ICIO.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 23 (4): 946–958.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Giljum, S., and K. Hubacek. 2009. Conceptual Foundations and Applications of Physical Input-output Tables. London and New York: Springer Science+Business Media.
   Google Scholar
• Goldstein, B., M. Birkved, M. B. Quitzau, and M. Hauschild. 2013. “Quantification of Urban Metabolism through Coupling with the Life Cycle Assessment Framework: Concept Development and Case Study.” Environmental Research Letters 8 (3): 035024.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• González-López, R., and M. Giampietro. 2017. “Multi-Scale Integrated Analysis of Charcoal Production in Complex Social-Ecological Systems.” Frontiers in Environmental Science 5: 1–11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grove, J. M. 2009. Cities: Managing Densely Settled Social-ecological Systems. Edited by F. S. Chapin, 281–294. New York: Springer.
   Google Scholar
• Haberl, H., D. Wiedenhofer, S. Pauliuk, F. Krausmann, D. B. Müller, and M. Fischer-Kowalski. 2019. “Contributions of Sociometabolic Research to Sustainability Science.” Nature Sustainability 2 (3): 173–184.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haberl, H., M. Fischer-Kowalski, F. Krausmann, H. Weisz, and V. Winiwarter. 2004. “Progress Towards Sustainability? What the Conceptual Framework of Material and Energy Flow Accounting (MEFA) Can Offer.” Land Use Policy 21 (3): 199–213.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Haberl, H., M. Fischer-Kowalski, F. Krausmann, J. Martinez-Alier, and V. Winiwarter. 2011. “A Socio-metabolic Transition Towards Sustainability? Challenges for Another Great Transformation.” Sustainable Development 19 (1): 1–14.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hammer, M., S. Giljum, S. Bargigli, and F. Hinterberger. 2003. “Material Flow Analysis on the Regional Level.” In Questions, Problems, Solutions, edited by N. W. Paper, 1–19. Hamburg: SERI.
   Google Scholar
• Hayter, R., T. J. Barnes, and M. J. Bradshaw. 2003. “Relocating Resource Peripheries to the Core of Economic Geography’s Theorizing: Rationale and Agenda.” Area 35: 15–23.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hermanowicz, S. W., and T. Asano. 1999. “Abel Wolman’s “The Metabolism of Cities” Revisited: A Case for Water Recycling and Reuse.” Water Science and Technology 40 (4): 29–36.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Heynen, N., M. Kaika, and E. Swyngedouw. 2006. In the Nature of Cities: Urban Political Ecology and the Politics of Urban Metabolism. Abingdon: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Hoekstra, A. Y., and T. O. Wiedmann. 2014. “Humanity’s Unsustainable Environmental Footprint.” Science 344 (6188): 1114.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Huang, S.-L. 1998. “Urban Ecosystems, Energetic Hierarchies, and Ecological Economics of Taipei Metropolis.” Journal of Environmental Management 52: 39–51.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Independent Group of Scientists Appointed by the Secretary-General. 2019. Global Sustainable Development Report 2019: The Future is Now-Science for Achieving Sustainable Development. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• IPCC. 2014. “Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change.” In IPCC Working Group III Contribution to AR5. Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Kalbar, P. P., M. Birkved, S. Kabins, and S. E. Nygaard. 2016. “Personal Metabolism (PM) Coupled with Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Model: Danish Case Study.” Environment International 91: 168–179.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kates, R. W., W. C. Clark, R. Corell, J. M. Hall, C. C. Jaeger, I. Lowe, J. J. McCarthy, H. J. Schellnhuber, B. Bolin, N. M. Dickson, et al. 2001. “Sustainability Science.” Science 292 (5517): 641–642.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, C., and D. Hoornweg. 2012. “Mainstreaming Urban Metabolism.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 16 (6): 780–782.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, C., J. Cuddihy, and J. Engel-Yan. 2007. “The Changing of Urban Metabolism of Cities.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 11 (2): 43–59.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kennedy, C., S. Pincetl, and P. Bunje. 2011. “The Study of Urban Metabolism and Its Applications to Urban Planning and Design.” Environmental Pollution 159 (8–9): 1965–1973.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kenny, T., and N. F. Gray. 2009. “A Preliminary Survey of Household and Personal Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Ireland.” Environment International 35 (2): 259–272.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Kroll, C., A. Warchold, and P. Pradhan. 2019. “Sustainable Development Goals (Sdgs): Are We Successful in Turning Trade-offs into Synergies?” Palgrave Communications 5 (1): 140.
   Google Scholar
• Laakso, S., and M. Lettenmeier. 2016. “Household-level Transition Methodology Towards Sustainable Material Footprints.” Journal of Cleaner Production 132: 184–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lausselet, C., L. A. W. Ellingsen, A. H. Strømman, and H. Brattebø. 2019. “A Life‐cycle Assessment Model for Zero Emission Neighborhoods.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 2019: 1–17.
   Google Scholar
• Lederer, J., and U. Kral. 2015. “Theodor Weyl: A Pioneer of Urban Metabolism Studies.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 19 (5): 695–702.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Leontief, W. W. 1936. “Quantitative Input and Output Relations in the Economic Systems of the United States.” The Review of Economics and Statistics 18 (3): 105–125.
   Google Scholar
• Li, H., and M.P. Kwan. 2018. “Advancing Analytical Methods for Urban Metabolism Studies.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 132: 239–245.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Li, M., and Q. Wang. 2014. “International Environmental Efficiency Differences and Their Determinants.” Energy 78: 411–420.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lin, L., M. Liu, F. Luo, K. Wang, Q. Zhang and W.N. Xiang. 2012. “Comment on ‘The Study of Urban Metabolism and Its Applications to Urban Planning and Design’ by Kennedy et al. (2011).” Environmental Pollution 167: 184–185.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, G., M. Brown, and M. Casazza. 2017. “Enhancing the Sustainability Narrative through a Deeper Understanding of Sustainable Development Indicators.” Sustainability 9: 6.
   Google Scholar
• Liu, G., Z. Yang, B. Chen, M. Su, Y. Zhang, L. Zhang, and M. M. Jiang. 2011. “Extended Exergy Analysis of Urban Socioeconomic System: A Case Study of Beijing, 1996-2006.” International Journal of Exergy 9 (2): 168–191.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Liu, J., H. Mooney, V. Hull, S. J. Davis, J. Gaskell, T. Hertel, J. Lubchenco, K. C. Seto, P. Gleick, C. Kremen, et al. 2015. “Systems Integration for Global Sustainability.” Science 347 (6225): 1258832.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loiseau, E., G. Junqua, P. Roux, and V. Bellon-Maurel. 2012. “Environmental Assessment of a Territory: An Overview of Existing Tools and Methods.” Journal of Environmental Management 112: 213–225.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Loorbach, D. 2010. “Transition Management for Sustainable Development: A Prescriptive, Complexity-Based Governance Framework.” Governance 23 (1): 161–183.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Lu, Y., and B. Chen. 2015. “A Review on Urban Metabolism: Connotation and Methodology.” Acta Ecologica Sinica 35: 2438–2451.
   Google Scholar
• Lutter, S., S. Giljum, and M. Bruckner. 2016. “A Review and Comparative Assessment of Existing Approaches to Calculate Material Footprints.” Ecological Economics 127: 1–10.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Magoni, M. 2017. “Resilience Thinking and Urban Metabolism in Spatial Planning: Which Possible Integrations.” City, Territory and Architecture 4 (1): 19.
   Google Scholar
• Marcotullio, P., and G. McGranahan. 2007. Scaling the Urban Environmental Transition, from Local to Global and Back. London: Earthscan.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez-Alier, J. 2009. “Social Metabolism, Ecological Distribution Conflicts, and Languages of Valuation.” Capitalism Nature Socialism 20 (1): 58–87.
   Google Scholar
• Martinez-Alier, J., G. Kallis, S. Veuthey, M. Walter, and L. Temper. 2010. “Social Metabolism, Ecological Distribution Conflicts, and Valuation Languages.” Ecological Economics 70 (2): 153–158.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Miller, R. E., and P. D. Blair. 1985. Input-Output Analysis: Foundations and Extensions. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
   Google Scholar
• Moore, J., M. Kissinger, and W. E. Rees. 2013. “An Urban Metabolism and Ecological Footprint Assessment of Metro Vancouver.” Journal of Environmental Management 124: 51–61.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mostafavi, N., M. Farzinmoghadam, and S. Hoque. 2014. “A Framework for Integrated Urban Metabolism Analysis Tool (IUMAT).” Building and Environment 82: 702–712.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Musango, J. K., P. Currie, and B. Robinson. 2017. Urban Metabolism for Resource Efficient Cities: From Theory to Implementation. Paris: UN Environment.
   Google Scholar
• Newell, J. P., and J. J. Cousins. 2014. “The Boundaries of Urban Metabolism.” Progress in Human Geography 39 (6): 702–728.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Newman, P. 2016. “The Environmental Impact of Cities.” Environment and Urbanization 18 (2): 275–295.
   Google Scholar
• Newman, P. W. G. 1999. “Sustainability and Cities: Extending the Metabolism Model.” Landscape and Urban Planning 44: 210–226.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Nuss, P., and G. A. Blengini. 2018. “Towards Better Monitoring of Technology Critical Elements in Europe: Coupling of Natural and Anthropogenic Cycles.” The Science of the Total Environment 613-614: 569–578.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Odum, E. P. 1959. Fundamentals of ecology. Missouri: Saunders College Publishing/Harcourt Brace.
   Google Scholar
• Odum, E. P. 1989. Ecology and Our Endangered Life-Support Systems. Sinauer: Sunderland, MA.
   Google Scholar
• Odum, H. T. 1971. Environment, Power, and Society. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
   Google Scholar
• Odum, H. T. 1973. “Energy, Ecology, and Economics.” Ambio 2 (6): 220–227.
   Google Scholar
• Odum, H. T. 1981. Energy Basis for Man and Nature. New York: McGraw-Hill.
   Google Scholar
• Odum, H. T. 2007. Environment, Power, and Society for the Twenty-first Century the Hierarchy of Energy. New York; Chichester: Columbia University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Odum HT. 1983. Systems Ecology: An Introduction. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
   Google Scholar
• Oliver‐Solà, J., M. Núñez, X. Gabarrell, M. Boada, and J. Rieradevall. 2008. “Service Sector Metabolism: Accounting for Energy Impacts of the Montjuic Urban Park in Barcelona.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 11 (2): 83–98.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• (OREP) OREP. 2015.
   Google Scholar
• Ostrom, E. 2004. “Panarchy: Understanding Transformations in Human and Natural Systems.” Ecological Economics 49 (4): 488–491.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pares, M., G. Pou, and J. Terradas. 1985. Descobrir El Medi Urbá: 2. Ecología D’una Ciutat. Barcelona: Ajuntament de Barcelona-Publicacions.
   Google Scholar
• Pastore, G., M. Giampietro, and K. Mayumi. 2000. “Societal Metabolism and Multiple-Scale Integrated Assessment: Empirical Validation and Examples of Application.” Population and Environment 22 (2): 211–254.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Patten, O. 1981. “The Cybernetic Nature of Ecosystems.” American Naturalist 118: 886–895.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pendall, R., K. A. Foster, and M. Cowell. 2010. “Resilience and Regions: Building Understanding of the Metaphor.” Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society 3 (1): 71–84.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Perez-Sanchez, L., M. Giampietro, R. Velasco-Fernandez, and M. Ripa. 2019. “Characterizing the Metabolic Pattern of Urban Systems Using MuSIASEM: The Case of Barcelona.” Energy Policy 124: 13–22.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Peterson, G. Green Art – from Collapse to Resilience? 2011.
   Google Scholar
• Pincetl, S., P. M. E. Bunje, and T. Holmes. 2012. “An Expanded Urban Metabolism Method: Toward a Systems Approach for Assessing Urban Energy Processes and Causes.” Landscape and Urban Planning 107: 193–202.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Pothen, F., and M. A. Tovar Reaños. 2018. “The Distribution of Material Footprints in Germany.” Ecological Economics 153: 237–251.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Programme UNE. Global Material Flows and Resource Productivity 2016.
   Google Scholar
• Pulido Barrera, P., J. Rosales Carreón, and H. J. de Boer. 2018. “A Multi-level Framework for Metabolism in Urban Energy Systems from an Ecological Perspective.” Resources, Conservation and Recycling 132: 230–238.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Qi, W., X. Deng, X. Chu, C. Zhao, and F. Zhang. 2017. “Emergy Analysis on Urban Metabolism by Counties in Beijing.” Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 101: 157–165.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Ribeiro, P. J. G., and L. Goncalves. 2019. “Urban Resilience: A Conceptual Framework.” Sustainable Cities and Society 50: 11.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodríguez-Huerta, E., M. Rosas-Casals, and L. M. Hernández-Terrones. 2019. “Water Societal Metabolism in the Yucatan Peninsula. The Impact of Climate Change on the Recharge of Groundwater by 2030.” Journal of Cleaner Production 235: 272–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rosado, L., Y. Kalmykova, and J. Patricio. 2016. “Urban Metabolism Profiles. An Empirical Analysis of the Material Flow Characteristics of Three Metropolitan Areas in Sweden.” Journal of Cleaner Production 126: 206–217.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rueda, S., J. M. Alier, A. Sanz, A. Oliveres, F. Magrinyà, F. Càrdenas, P. Cabrera, X. Monclús, J. Figueras, and M. Olivella. 1999. La ciutat sostenible: un procés de transformació: Universitat de Girona.
   Google Scholar
• Sala, S., B. Ciuffo, and P. Nijkamp. 2015. “A Systemic Framework for Sustainability Assessment.” Ecological Economics 119: 314–325.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Salvia, M., S. D. Leo, C. Nakos, H. Maras, S. Panevski, O. Fülöp, S. Papagianni, Z. Tarevska, D. Čeh, E. Szabó, et al. 2015. “Creating aSustainable and Resource Efficient Future: A Methodological Toolkit for Municipalities.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 50:480–496.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Santana, N. B. 2014. “Aparecida Do Nascimento Rebelatto D, Périco AE, Mariano EB. Sustainable Development in the BRICS Countries: An Efficiency Analysis by Data Envelopment.” International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology 21 (3): 259–272.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Seitzinger, S. P., U. Svedin, C. L. Crumley, W. Steffen, S. A. Abdullah, C. Alfsen, W. J. Broadgate, F. Biermann, N. R. Bondre, J. A. Dearing, et al. 2012. “Planetary Stewardship in an Urbanizing World: Beyond City Limits.” Ambio 41 (8): 787–794.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sennett, R. 1996. Flesh and Stone: The Body and the City in Western Civilization. Revised ed. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
   Google Scholar
• Seto, K. C., A. Reenberg, C. G. Boone, M. Fragkias, D. Haase, T. Langanke, P. Marcotullio, D. K. Munroe, B. Olah, and D. Simon. 2012. “Urban Land Teleconnections and Sustainability.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109 (20): 7687–7692.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Smit, S., J. K. Musango, Z. Kovacic, and A. C. Brent. 2018. “Towards Measuring the Informal City: A Societal Metabolism Approach.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 23 (3): 674–685.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Sorman, A. H., and M. Giampietro. 2011. “Generating Better Energy Indicators: Addressing the Existence of Multiple Scales and Multiple Dimensions.” Ecological Modelling 223 (1): 41–53.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Stanhill, G. 1976. “An Urban Agro-ecosystem: The Example of Nineteenth-century Paris.” Agro-Ecosystems 3: 269–284.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tainter, J. A. 2003. The Collapse of Complex Societies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
   Google Scholar
• Tan, R. B. H., and H. H. Khoo. 2005. “An LCA Study of a Primary Aluminum Supply Chain.” Journal of Cleaner Production 13 (6): 607–618.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Tello, E., and J. R. Ostos. 2012. “Water Consumption in Barcelona and Its Regional Environmental Imprint: A Long-term History (1717–2008).” Regional Environmental Change 12 (2): 347–361.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• UN-DESA. 2018. Population Division: World Urbanization Prospects 2018.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2009. System of national accounts 2008. New York: United Nations.
   Google Scholar
• United Nations. 2011. National Accounts Main Aggregates Database (United Nations Statistics Division, New York).
   Google Scholar
• United Nations U. 2015. Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
   Google Scholar
• Velasco-Fernández, R., J. Ramos-Martín, and M. Giampietro. 2015. “The Energy Metabolism of China and India between 1971 and 2010: Studying the Bifurcation.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 41: 1052–1066.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Velasco-Fernández, R., M. Giampietro, and S. G. F. Bukkens. 2018. “Analyzing the Energy Performance of Manufacturing across Levels Using the End-use Matrix.” Energy 161: 559–572.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Vergragt, P. J., L. Dendler, M. de Jong, and K. Matus. 2016. “Transitions to Sustainable Consumption and Production in Cities.” Journal of Cleaner Production 134: 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wallace, D., and R. Wallace. 2008. “Urban Systems during Disasters: Factors for Resilience.” Ecology and Society 13 (1): 18.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wang, X., S. Wu, and S. Li. 2017. “Urban Metabolism of Three Cities in Jing-Jin-Ji Urban Agglomeration, China: Using the MuSIASEM Approach.” Sustainability 9 (8): 1481.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wassenaar, T. 2015. “Reconsidering Industrial Metabolism: From Analogy to Denoting Actuality.” Journal of Industrial Ecology 19 (5): 715–727.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Weisz, H. 2011. “The Probability of the Improbable: Society–nature Coevolution.” Geografiska Annaler. Series B, Human Geography 93 (4): 325–336.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wheeler, S. M., and T. Beatley. 2014. Sustainable Urban Development Reader. New York, NY: Routledge.
   Google Scholar
• Wiesen, K., and M. Wirges. 2017. “From Cumulated Energy Demand to Cumulated Raw Material Demand: The Material Footprint as a Sum Parameter in Life Cycle Assessment.” Energy, Sustainability and Society 7: 13.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wilbanks, T. J. 2007. “Scale and Sustainability.” Climate Policy 7 (4): 278–287.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wolman, A. 1965. “The Metabolism of Cities.” Scientific American 213 (3): 179–190.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Woo, C., Y. Chung, D. Chun, H. Seo, and S. Hong. 2015. “The Static and Dynamic Environmental Efficiency of Renewable Energy: A Malmquist Index Analysis of OECD Countries.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 47: 367–376.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Wu, J., and O. L. Loucks. 1995. “From Balance of Nature to Hierarchical Patch Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Ecology.” Quarterly Review of Biology 70: 439–466.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Xian, C. F., and Z. Y. Ouyang. 2014. “Urban Ecosystem Nitrogen Metabolism: Research Progress.” Shengtaixue Zazhi 33 (9): 2548–2557.
   Google Scholar
• Young, O.R. 2002. The Institutional Dimensions of Environmental Change: Fit, Interplay, Scale. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
   Google Scholar
• Yuan, Z., J. Shi, H. Wu, L. Zhang, and J. Bi. 2011. “Understanding the Anthropogenic Phosphorus Pathway with Substance Flow Analysis at the City Level.” Journal of Environmental Management 92 (8): 2021–2028.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y. 2013. “Urban Metabolism: A Review of Research Methodologies.” Environmental Pollution 178: 463–473.
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Z. Yang, and W. Li. 2006. “Analyses of Urban Ecosystem Based on Information Entropy.” Ecological Modelling 197 (1): 1–12.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Z. Yang, and X. Yu. 2009. “Ecological Network and Emergy Analysis of Urban Metabolic Systems: Model Development, and a Case Study of Four Chinese Cities.” Ecological Modelling 220 (11): 1431–1442.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zhang, Y., Z. Yang, and X. Yu. 2015.“Urban Metabolism: A Review of Current Knowledge and Directions for Future Study.” Environmental Science & Technology 49 (19): 11247–11263.
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zucchetto, J. 1975. “Energy-economic Theory and Mathematical Models for Combining the Systems of Man and Nature, Case Study: The Urban Region of Miami, Florida.” Ecological Modelling 1: 241–268.
   Google Scholar