Understanding the Severity of Wrongdoing in Health Care Delivery and Research: Lessons Learned From a Historiometric Study of 100 Cases

REFERENCES

• Aldrich , N. 2010, May . Medicare fraud estimates: A moving target? . The Sentinel , : 1 – 4 . Available at: http://www.smpresource.org/Content/NavigationMenu/AboutSMPs/MedicareFraudEstimatesAMovingTarget/Medicare_Fraud_Estimates.pdf
   Google Scholar
• Anderson , M. S. , Ronning , E. A. , De Vries , R. and Martinson , B. C. 2007 . The perverse effects of competition on scientists’ work and relationships . Science and Engineering Ethics , 13 ( 4 ) : 437 – 461 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Antes , A. L. , Brown , R. P. Murphy , S. T. 2007 . Personality and ethical decision-making in research: The role of perceptions of self and others . Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics , 2 ( 4 ) : 15 – 34 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Arnold , S. R. and Straus , S. E. 2005 . Interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing practices in ambulatory care . Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , 4 Available at: http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD003539/frame.html
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Bandura , A. , Underwood , B. and Fromson , M. 1975 . Disinhibitionof aggression through diffusion of responsibility and dehumanization of victims . Journal of Research in Personality , 9 : 253 – 269 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bolin , A. and Heatherly , L. 2001 . Predictors of employee deviance: The relationship between bad attitudes and bad behavior . Journal of Business and Psychology , 15 ( 3 ) : 405 – 418 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Boulware , L. E. , Ratner , L. E. , Cooper , L. A. , Sosa , J. A , LaVeist , T. A. and Powe , N. R. 2002 . Understanding disparities in donor behavior: Race and gender differences in willingness to donate blood and cadaveric organs . Medical Care , 40 ( 2 ) : 85 – 95 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Bramstedt , K. A. and Kassimatis , K. 2004 . A study of warning letters issued to institutional review boards by the United States Food and Drug Administration . Clinical and Investigative Medicine , 27 ( 6 ) : 316 – 323 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Brewer , M. 2000 . “ Research design and issues of validity ” . In Handbook of research methods in social and personality psychology , Edited by: Reis , H. and Judd , C. 3 – 16 . Cambridge , , UK : Cambridge University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Carr , G. D. 2003 . Professional sexual misconduct—An overview . Journal of the Mississippi State Medical Association , 44 ( 9 ) : 283 – 300 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Colquitt , J. A. , Noe , R. A. and Jackson , C. L. 2002 . Justice in teams: Antecedents and consequences of procedural justice climate . Personnel Psychology , 55 ( 1 ) : 83 – 109 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Cooper , C. , Selwood , A. and Livingston , G. 2008 . The prevalence of elder abuse and neglect: A systematic review . Age and Ageing , 37 ( 2 ) : 151 – 160 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Coughlin , S. S. , Barker , A. and Dawson , A. 2012 . Ethics and scientific integrity in public health, epidemiology and clinical research . Public Health Reviews , 34 ( 1 ) : 1 – 13 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Davis , M. S. 2003 . The role of culture in research misconduct . Accountability in Research , 10 ( 3 ) : 189 – 201 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Deluga , R. J. 1997 . Relationship among American presidential charismatic leadership, narcissism, and rated performance . Leadership Quarterly , 8 ( 1 ) : 49 – 65 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuBois , J. M. 2008 . Ethics in mental health research: Principles,guidance, and cases , New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• DuBois , J. M. , Anderson , E. E. Carroll , K. 2012 . Environmental factors contributing to wrongdoing in medicine: A criterion-based review of studies and cases . Ethics and Behavior , 22 ( 3 ) : 163 – 188 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• DuBois , J. M. and Dueker , J. M. 2009 . Teaching and assessing the responsible conduct of research: A Delphi consensus panel report . Journal of Research Administration , XL ( 1 ) : 49 – 70 .
   Google Scholar
• DuBois , J. M. , Kraus , E. and Vasher , M. 2012 . The development of a taxonomy of wrongdoing in medical practice and research . American Journal of Preventive Medicine , 42 ( 1 ) : 89 – 98 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Fanelli , D. 2009 . How many scientists fabricate and falsify research? A systematic review and meta-analysis of survey data . PLoS One , 4 ( 5 ) : e5738
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grant , D. and Alfred , K. C. 2007 . Sanctions and recidivism: An evaluation of physician discipline by state medical boards . Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law , 32 ( 5 ) : 867 – 885 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Greenberg , J. 1993 . Stealing in the name of justice: Informational and interpersonal moderators of theft reactions to underpayment inequity . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 54 ( 1 ) : 81 – 103 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Grover , S. L. 1993 . Why professionals lie: The impact of professional role conflict on reporting accuracy . Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes , 55 ( 2 ) : 251 – 272 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hall , A. J. , Logan , J. E. Toblin , R. L. 2008 . Patterns of abuse among unintentional pharmaceutical overdose fatalities . Journal of the American Medical Association , 300 ( 22 ) : 2613 – 20 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Hegarty , W. H. and Sims , P. H. 1978 . Some determinants of unethical decision behavior: An experiment . Journal of Applied Psychology , 63 ( 4 ) : 451 – 457 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Iglehart , J. K. 2009 . Finding money for health care reform—Rooting out waste, fraud, and abuse . New England Journal of Medicine , 361 ( 3 ) : 229 – 231 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jansen , E. and Von Glinow , M. A. 1985 . Ethical ambivalence and organizational reward systems . Academy of Management Review , 10 ( 4 ) : 814 – 822 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Jennings , M. 2006 . The seven signs of ethical collapse: How to spot moral meltdowns in companies… Before it's too late , New York , NY : St. Martin's Press .
   Google Scholar
• Judge , T. A. , LePine , J. A. and Rich , B. L. 2006 . Loving yourself abundantly: Relationship of the narcissistic personality to self- and other perceptions of workplace deviance, leadership, and task and contextual performance . Journal of Applied Psychology , 91 ( 4 ) : 762 – 776 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Keith-Spiegel , P. and Koocher , G. P. 2005 . The IRB paradox: Could the protectors also encourage deceit? . Ethics and Behavior , 15 ( 4 ) : 339 – 349 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Levine , R. J. 1992 . Clinical trials and physicians as double agents . Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine , 65 ( 2 ) : 65 – 74 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Marshall , E. 1999 . Clinical research—Shutdown of research at Duke sends a message . Science , 284 ( 5418 ) : 1246 – 1246 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinson , B. , Crain , A. L. , Anderson , M. and DeVries , R. 2009 . Institutions’expectations for researchers’ self-funding, federal grant holding, and private industry involvement: Manifold drivers of self-interest and researcher behavior . Academic Medicine , 84 ( 11 ) : 1491 – 1499 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinson , B. C. , Anderson , M. S. and de Vries , R. 2005 . Scientists behaving badly . Nature , 435 ( 7043 ) : 737 – 738 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinson , B. C. , Crain , A. L. , De Vries , R. and Anderson , M. S. 2010 . The importance of organizational justice in ensuring research integrity . Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics , 5 ( 3 ) : 67 – 83 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Martinson , B. C. , Anderson , M. S. , Crain , A. L. and De Vries , R. 2006 . Scientists’ perceptions of organizational justice and self-reported misbehaviors . Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics , 1 ( 1 ) : 51 – 66 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Meyer , W. M. and Bernier , G. M. Jr . 2002 . “ Potential cultural factors in scientific misconduct allegations ” . In Investigating research integrity: Proceedings of the first ORI Research Conference on Research Integrity , Edited by: Steneck , N. and Scheetz , M. 163 – 166 . Washington , DC : Department of Health and Human Services .
   Google Scholar
• Milgram , S. 1965 . Some conditions of obedience and disobedience to authority . Human Relations , 18 ( 1 ) : 57 – 76 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Mumford , M. D. 2006 . Pathways to outstanding leadership. A comparative analysis of charasmatic, ideological, and pragmatic leaders , Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• O’Connor , J. , Mumford , M. D. , Clifton , T. C. , Gessner , T. L. and Connelly , M. S. 1995 . Charismatic leaders and destructiveness: An historiometric study . Leadership Quarterly , 6 ( 4 ) : 529 – 555 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Roback , H. B. , Strassberg , D. , Iannelli , R. J. , Finlayson , A. J. , Blanco , M. and Neufeld , R. 2007 . Problematic physicians: A comparison of personality profiles by offence type . Canadian Journal of Psychiatry , 52 ( 5 ) : 315 – 322 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Rodwin , M. A. 1993 . Medicine, money, and morals: Physicians’ conflicts of interest , New York , NY : Oxford University Press .
   Google Scholar
• Schuchman , M. 2008 . Medical whistle-blower protection lacking . Canadian Medical Association Journal , 12 : 1529
   Google Scholar
• Shah , S. , Whittle , A. , Wilfond , B. , Gensler , G. and Wendler , D. 2004 . How do institutional review boards apply the federal risk and benefit standards for pediatric research? . Journal of the American Medical Association , 291 ( 4 ) : 476 – 482 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonton , D. K. 1999 . Significant samples: The psychological study of eminent individuals . Psychological Methods , 4 ( 4 ) : 425 – 451 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Simonton , D. K. 2003 . Qualitative and quantitative analyses of historical data . Annual Review of Psychology , 54 ( 54 ) : 617 – 640 .
   PubMedGoogle Scholar
• Sims , R. L. 2009 . A study of deviance as a retaliatory response to organizational power . Journal of Business Ethics , 92 ( 4 ) : 553 – 563 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Suedfeld , P. and Bluck , S. 1988 . Changes in integrative complexity prior to surprise attacks . Journal of Conflict Resolution , 32 : 626 – 635 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Titus , S. L. , Wells , J. A. and Rhoades , L. J. 2008 . Repairing research integrity . Nature , 453 ( 7198 ) : 980 – 982 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Trevino , L. K. , Butterfield , K. and McCabe , D. 1998 . The ethical context in organizations: Influences on employee attitudes and behaviors . Business Ethics Quarterly , 8 ( 3 ) : 447 – 476 .
   Google Scholar
• Vardi , Y. and Weitz , E. 2004 . Misbehavior in organizations: Theory, research, and management , Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates .
   Google Scholar
• Victor , B. , Trevino , L. K. and Shapiro , D. L. 1993 . Peer reporting of unethical behavior: The influence of justice evaluations and social context factors . Journal of Business Ethics , 12 ( 4 ) : 253 – 263 .
   Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Williams , D. R. and Mohammed , S. A. 2009 . Discrimination and racial disparities in health: Evidence and needed research . Journal of Behavioral Medicine , 32 ( 1 ) : 20 – 47 .
   PubMed Web of Science ®Google Scholar
• Zimbardo , P. G. 2007 . The Lucifer effect , New York , NY : Random House .
   Google Scholar