1,821
Views
33
CrossRef citations to date
0
Altmetric
Point-of-View

More than meets the dimer: What is the quaternary structure of the glucocorticoid receptor?

&
Pages 32-39 | Received 30 Sep 2016, Accepted 12 Oct 2016, Published online: 14 Nov 2016

References

  • Moore JT, Collins JL, Pearce KH. The nuclear receptor superfamily and drug discovery. Chem Med Chem 2006; 1:504-523; PMID:16892386; http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmdc.200600006
  • Clark AR, Belvisi MG. Maps and legends: the quest for dissociated ligands of the glucocorticoid receptor. Pharmacol Ther 2012; 134:54-67; PMID 22212616; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2011.12.004
  • Presman DM, Ganguly S, Schiltz RL, Johnson TA, Karpova TS, Hager GL. DNA binding triggers tetramerization of the glucocorticoid receptor in live cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:8236-8241; PMID:27382178; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1606774113
  • Payvar F, DeFranco DB, Firestone GL, Edgar B, Wrange O, Okret S, Gustafsson JA, Yamamoto KR. Sequence-specific binding of glucocorticoid receptor to MTV DNA at sites within and upstream of the transcribed region. Cell 1983; 35:381-392; PMID:6317184; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(83)90171-X
  • Wrange O, Carlstedt-Duke J, Gustafsson JA. Stoichiometric analysis of the specific interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with DNA. J Biol Chem 1986; 261:11770-11778; PMID:3017946
  • Wrange O, Eriksson P, Perlmann T. The purified activated glucocorticoid receptor is a homodimer. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:5253-5259; PMID:2494184
  • Tsai SY, Carlstedt-Duke J, Weigel NL, Dahlman K, Gustafsson JA, Tsai MJ, O'Malley BW. Molecular interactions of steroid hormone receptor with its enhancer element: evidence for receptor dimer formation. Cell 1988; 55:361-369; PMID:3167984; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(88)90059-1
  • Chalepakis G, Schauer M, Cao X, Beato M. Efficient binding of glucocorticoid receptor to its responsive element requires a dimer and DNA flanking sequences. DNA Cell Biol 1990; 9:355-368; PMID:2372377; http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.1990.9.355
  • Dahlman-Wright K, Siltala-Roos H, Carlstedt-Duke J, Gustafsson JA. Protein-protein interactions facilitate DNA binding by the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:14030-14035; PMID:1974254
  • Dahlman-Wright K, Wright A, Gustafsson JA, Carlstedt-Duke J. Interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain with DNA as a dimer is mediated by a short segment of five amino acids. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:3107-3112; PMID:1993683
  • Cairns W, Cairns C, Pongratz I, Poellinger L, Okret S. Assembly of a glucocorticoid receptor complex prior to DNA binding enhances its specific interaction with a glucocorticoid response element. J Biol Chem 1991; 266:11221-11226; PMID:2040629
  • Drouin J, Sun YL, Tremblay S, Lavender P, Schmidt TJ, de LA, Nemer M. Homodimer formation is rate-limiting for high affinity DNA binding by glucocorticoid receptor. Mol Endocrinol 1992; 6:1299-1309; PMID:1406707
  • Eriksson P, Wrange O. Protein-protein contacts in the glucocorticoid receptor homodimer influence its DNA binding properties. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:3535-3542; PMID:2303460
  • Perlmann T, Eriksson P, Wrange O. Quantitative analysis of the glucocorticoid receptor-DNA interaction at the mouse mammary tumor virus glucocorticoid response element. J Biol Chem 1990; 265:17222-17229; PMID:2170368
  • Savory JG, Prefontaine GG, Lamprecht C, Liao M, Walther RF, Lefebvre YA, Hache RJ. Glucocorticoid receptor homodimers and glucocorticoid-mineralocorticoid receptor heterodimers form in the cytoplasm through alternative dimerization interfaces. MolCell Biol 2001; 21:781-793; PMID 11154266; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.21.3.781-793.2001
  • Robblee JP, Miura MT, Bain DL. Glucocorticoid receptor-promoter interactions: energetic dissection suggests a framework for the specificity of steroid receptor-mediated gene regulation. Biochemistry 2012; 51:4463-4472; PMID:22587663; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi3003956
  • Schmid W, Strahle U, Schutz G, Schmitt J, Stunnenberg H. Glucocorticoid receptor binds cooperatively to adjacent recognition sites. EMBO J 1989; 8:2257-2263; PMID:2792086
  • Wright AP, Gustafsson JA. Mechanism of synergistic transcriptional transactivation by the human glucocorticoid receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1991; 88:8283-8287; PMID:1924286; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.19.8283
  • Liu W, Wang J, Yu G, Pearce D. Steroid receptor transcriptional synergy is potentiated by disruption of the DNA-binding domain dimer interface. Mol Endocrinol 1996; 10:1399-1406; PMID:8923466
  • Garlatti M, Daheshia M, Slater E, Bouguet J, Hanoune J, Beato M, Barouki R. A functional glucocorticoid-responsive unit composed of two overlapping inactive receptor-binding sites: evidence for formation of a receptor tetramer. Mol Cell Biol 1994; 14:8007-8017; PMID:7969140; http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/MCB.14.12.8007
  • Hard T, Kellenbach E, Boelens R, Maler BA, Dahlman K, Freedman LP, Carlstedt-Duke J, Yamamoto KR, Gustafsson JA, Kaptein R. Solution structure of the glucocorticoid receptor DNA-binding domain. Science 1990; 249:157-160; PMID:2115209; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.2115209
  • Luisi BF, Xu WX, Otwinowski Z, Freedman LP, Yamamoto KR, Sigler PB. Crystallographic analysis of the interaction of the glucocorticoid receptor with DNA [see comments]. Nature 1991; 352:497-505; PMID:1865905; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/352497a0
  • Beato M, Herrlich P, Schutz G. Steroid hormone receptors: many actors in search of a plot. Cell 1995; 83:851-857; PMID:8521509; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(95)90201-5
  • Bledsoe RK, Montana VG, Stanley TB, Delves CJ, Apolito CJ, McKee DD, Consler TG, Parks DJ, Stewart EL, Willson TM et al. Crystal structure of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain reveals a novel mode of receptor dimerization and coactivator recognition. Cell 2002; 110:93-105; PMID:12151000; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(02)00817-6
  • Simons SS, Jr, Edwards DP, Kumar R. Minireview: dynamic structures of nuclear hormone receptors: new promises and challenges. Mol Endocrinol 2014; 28:173-182; PMID:24284822; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2013-1334
  • Dahlman-Wright K, Wright AP, Gustafsson JA. Determinants of high-affinity DNA binding by the glucocorticoid receptor: evaluation of receptor domains outside the DNA-binding domain. Biochemistry 1992; 31:9040-9044; PMID:1390690; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00152a047
  • Segard-Maurel I, Rajkowski K, Jibard N, Schweizer-Groyer G, Baulieu EE, Cadepond F. Glucocorticosteroid receptor dimerization investigated by analysis of receptor binding to glucocorticosteroid responsive elements using a monomer-dimer equilibrium model. Biochemistry 1996; 35:1634-1642; PMID:8634295; http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi951369h
  • Heck S, Kullmann M, Gast A, Ponta H, Rahmsdorf HJ, Herrlich P, Cato AC. A distinct modulating domain in glucocorticoid receptor monomers in the repression of activity of the transcription factor AP-1. EMBO J 1994; 13:4087-4095; PMID:8076604
  • Reichardt HM, Kaestner KH, Tuckermann J, Kretz O, Wessely O, Bock R, Gass P, Schmid W, Herrlich P, Angel P et al. DNA binding of the glucocorticoid receptor is not essential for survival [see comments]. Cell 1998; 93:531-541; PMID:9604929; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81183-6
  • Jewell CM, Scoltock AB, Hamel BL, Yudt MR, Cidlowski JA. Complex human glucocorticoid receptor dim mutations define glucocorticoid induced apoptotic resistance in bone cells. Mol Endocrinol 2012; 26:244-256; PMID:22174376; http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/me.2011-1116
  • Presman DM, Ogara MF, Stortz M, Alvarez LD, Pooley JR, Schiltz RL, Grontved L, Johnson TA, Mittelstadt PR, Ashwell JD et al. Live cell imaging unveils multiple domain requirements for in vivo dimerization of the Glucocorticoid Receptor. PLoS Biol 2014; 12:e1001813; PMID:24642507; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001813
  • Bledsoe RK, Stewart EL, Pearce KH. Structure and function of the glucocorticoid receptor ligand binding domain. VitamHorm 2004; 68:49-91; PMID 15193451; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0083-6729(04)68002-2
  • Helsen C, Claessens F. Looking at nuclear receptors from a new angle. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:97-106; PMID:24055275; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.009
  • Presman DM, Alvarez LD, Levi V, Eduardo S, Digman MA, Marti MA, Veleiro AS, Burton G, Pecci A. Insights on glucocorticoid receptor activity modulation through the binding of rigid steroids. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13279; PMID:20949009; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013279
  • Echeverria PC, Picard D. Molecular chaperones, essential partners of steroid hormone receptors for activity and mobility. BiochimBiophysActa 2010; 1803:641-649; PMID 20006655; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.11.012
  • Robertson S, Rohwer JM, Hapgood JP, Louw A. Impact of glucocorticoid receptor density on ligand-independent dimerization, cooperative ligand-binding and Basal priming of transactivation: a cell culture model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e64831; PMID:23717665; http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0064831
  • Bresnick EH, Dalman FC, Sanchez ER, Pratt WB. Evidence that the 90-kDa heat shock protein is necessary for the steroid binding conformation of the L cell glucocorticoid receptor. J Biol Chem 1989; 264:4992-4997; PMID:2647745
  • Dewint P, Gossye V, De BK, Vanden BW, Van BK, Deforce D, Van CS, Muller-Ladner U, Vander CB, Verbruggen G et al. A plant-derived ligand favoring monomeric glucocorticoid receptor conformation with impaired transactivation potential attenuates collagen-induced arthritis. J Immunol 2008; 180:2608-2615; PMID:18250472; http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.180.4.2608
  • Jares-Erijman EA, Jovin TM. Imaging molecular interactions in living cells by FRET microscopy. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2006; 10:409-416; PMID: 16949332; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.08.021
  • Robertson S, lie-Reid F, Vanden BW, Visser K, Binder A, Africander D, Vismer M, De BK, Hapgood J, Haegeman G et al. Abrogation of glucocorticoid receptor dimerization correlates with dissociated glucocorticoid behavior of compound A. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:8061-8075; PMID:20037160; http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.087866
  • Digman MA, Dalal R, Horwitz AF, Gratton E. Mapping the number of molecules and brightness in the laser scanning microscope. BiophysJ 2008; 94:2320-2332; PMID: 18096627; http://dx.doi.org/10.1529/biophysj.107.114645
  • Morisaki T, Muller WG, Golob N, Mazza D, McNally JG. Single-molecule analysis of transcription factor binding at transcription sites in live cells. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4456; PMID:25034201; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5456
  • Swinstead Erin E, Miranda Tina B, Paakinaho V, Baek S, Goldstein I, Hawkins M, Karpova Tatiana S, Ball D, Mazza D, Lavis Luke D et al. Steroid receptors reprogram FoxA1 occupancy through dynamic chromatin transitions. Cell 2016; 165:593-605; PMID:27062924; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2016.02.067
  • Voss TC, Schiltz RL, Sung MH, Yen PM, Stamatoyannopoulos JA, Biddie SC, Johnson TA, Miranda TB, John S, Hager GL. Dynamic exchange at regulatory elements during chromatin remodeling underlies assisted loading mechanism. Cell 2011; 146:544-554; PMID:21835447; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2011.07.006
  • Ong KM, Blackford JA, Jr, Kagan BL, Simons SS, Jr, Chow CC. A theoretical framework for gene induction and experimental comparisons. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107:7107-7112; PMID: 20351279; http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911095107
  • Lim HW, Uhlenhaut NH, Rauch A, Weiner J, Hubner S, Hubner N, Won KJ, Lazar MA, Tuckermann J, Steger DJ. Genomic redistribution of GR monomers and dimers mediates transcriptional response to exogenous glucocorticoid in vivo. Genome Res 2015; 25:836-844; PMID:25957148; http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.188581.114
  • Starick SR, Ibn-Salem J, Jurk M, Hernandez C, Love MI, Chung HR, Vingron M, Thomas-Chollier M, Meijsing SH. ChIP-exo signal associated with DNA-binding motifs provide insights into the genomic binding of the glucocorticoid receptor and cooperating transcription factors. Genome Res 2015; 25(6):825-35; PMID:25720775; http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.185157.114
  • Sundahl N, Bridelance J, Libert C, De Bosscher K, Beck IM. Selective glucocorticoid receptor modulation: New directions with non-steroidal scaffolds. Pharmacol Therapeutics 2015; 152:28-41; PMID:25958032; http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.001
  • Lefstin JA, Thomas JR, Yamamoto KR. Influence of a steroid receptor DNA-binding domain on transcriptional regulatory functions. Genes Dev 1994; 8:2842-2856; PMID:7995522; http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.8.23.2842
  • Watson LC, Kuchenbecker KM, Schiller BJ, Gross JD, Pufall MA, Yamamoto KR. The glucocorticoid receptor dimer interface allosterically transmits sequence-specific DNA signals. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2013; 20:876-883; PMID: 23728292; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.2595
  • Meijsing SH, Pufall MA, So AY, Bates DL, Chen L, Yamamoto KR. DNA binding site sequence directs glucocorticoid receptor structure and activity. Science 2009; 324:407-410; PMID:19372434; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1164265
  • Gronemeyer H, Bourguet W. Allosteric effects govern nuclear receptor action: DNA appears as a player. Sci Signal 2009; 2:pe34; PMID:19491383; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.273pe34
  • Spolar RS, Record MT, Jr. Coupling of local folding to site-specific binding of proteins to DNA. Science 1994; 263:777-784; PMID:8303294; http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.8303294
  • Hinde E, Pandzic E, Yang Z, Ng IH, Jans DA, Bogoyevitch MA, Gratton E, Gaus K. Quantifying the dynamics of the oligomeric transcription factor STAT3 by pair correlation of molecular brightness. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11047; PMID:27009358; http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms11047
  • Stavreva DA, Hager GL. Chromatin structure and gene regulation: a dynamic view of enhancer function. Nucleus 2015; 6:442-448; PMID:26765055; http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19491034.2015.1107689